NATIONAL AVIATION UNIVERSITY

Faculty of International Relations

Department of international law and comparative law

REPORT
on passing of the internship
by the 1-year student at the training area
293 “International Law” 104 class
Merkulov Kyrylo
 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………3

CHAPTER 1. Characteristics of the Practice Base…………………………………..6

CHAPTER 2. Practical Task…………………………………………………………7

CHAPTER 3. Theoretical Task………………………………………………………8

CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………..32

THE LIST OF USED SOURCES……………………………………………………33

 INTRODUCTION
The primary objective of educational practice is to enhance and reinforce
students' theoretical knowledge, foster practical and research skills, and familiarize
them with modern equipment. Typically conducted during the initial years of study,
educational practice takes place in workshops, laboratories, training grounds,
educational and research farms, clinics, and other relevant subdivisions of higher
education institutions. There are various forms of training, including company or
institution visits, self-study through observation or employee interviews, and hands-
on practical work in specific work environments. The purpose of educational practice
is to equip students with practical knowledge of the principles governing professional
activities, as well as the methods and organization involved. It aims to develop their
ability to solve specific methodological tasks, cultivate a systematic update of their
own knowledge, and encourage creative application of theoretical concepts in
practice. Moreover, it aims to establish a foundational set of professional skills and
practical abilities based on the theoretical knowledge acquired during the first year.
The main objectives of educational practice encompass the following aspects:
-Reinforcing and applying theoretical knowledge in practical settings.
-Cultivating personal professional abilities, fostering personal responsibility, and
adopting the characteristics of a highly cultured individual with developed
professional qualities.
-Initial accumulation of professional experience, while deepening and enhancing
knowledge, skills, and abilities.
-Introducing students to the scientific, applied, and practical aspects of their
chosen field.
-Cultivating a creative and research-oriented approach to professional activities,
while developing skills in analyzing work results and recognizing the need for self-
education.
-Implementing program and individual plans to collect factual material for
preparation.
-Gaining familiarity with the fundamental principles and conditions of the
organizational labor process through practical experience.
-Studying the regulatory framework for education.
 -Examining the organizational structure of institutions, organizations, and
departments involved in the field of education.
-Establishing essential foundational professional skills and abilities through both
general professional and specialized disciplines.
-Consolidating theoretical knowledge in the specialization and applying it in
practical situations.
As a result of professional practice, a bachelor's degree student must acquire the
skills necessary for independent research in their professional field. This is achieved
by adhering to the following principles:
-Scientific: Organizing research activities according to modern scientific
methodology, following the stages and logical progression of scientific research.
-Creativity: Stimulating and encouraging the creativity of bachelor's students
before embarking on their research endeavors.
Moreover, student training plays a crucial role in internship objectives, which
include preparing students for future professional employment, familiarizing them
with labor discipline regulations, and developing independent decision-making skills.
The primary tasks of professional practice aim to acquire the essential skills and
abilities for independent work in the chosen specialization. This is accomplished
through the implementation of the following measures:
-Introducing students to the organizational structure, tasks, goals, and directions
of the institution where the practice takes place.
-Studying and analyzing the normative legal acts that govern the structure,
general competencies, and status of the institution where the practice is conducted.
-Developing students' ability to apply theoretical knowledge in practical
contexts.
-Preparing and executing legal documents, participating in project regulatory
work.
-Acquiring practical skills in the application of conflict and material legal norms
from international and national legislation, as well as analyzing judicial and
arbitration practices in cases involving foreign elements.
 -Participating in the protection of the rights and interests of legal entities and
individuals from Ukraine and foreign countries, attending legal consultations,
handling complaints, statements, and appeals, and engaging in the consideration of
cases on their merits.
-Enhancing language proficiency, including translation of legal documents
between a foreign language and Ukrainian, and participating as translators in
negotiations.
 CHAPTER 1
Characteristics of the Practice Base
The establishment of the Practice Base serves the purpose of meticulously
documenting the extensive war crimes and crimes against humanity perpetrated by
Russia in Ukraine. These grave offenses are unambiguously defined in the Statute of
Rome, with particular emphasis on articles 7, 8, and 8 bis, which were unanimously
adopted on July 17, 1998. Moreover, article 5 of the Statute of Rome delineates the
categories of egregious crimes falling within the jurisdiction of the International
Criminal Court, encompassing acts of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes,
and the crime of aggression. Russia's belligerent military actions against a sovereign
nation, which have resulted in a multitude of violations within Ukraine, represent a
flagrant breach of international law. The crimes perpetrated by Russia have undergone
thorough documentation, investigation, and the accompanying evidence has been duly
submitted to the International Criminal Court for the purpose of prosecution and
condemnation.
In order to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the Russian crimes, it is
crucial to contextualize them within a broader framework. It is highly recommended
to familiarize oneself with the role and activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Ukraine, delve into the historical development and evolution of the United Nations,
and stay abreast of current global events through reputable news sources.
Additionally, reading and studying articles 5, 7, and 8 of the Statute of Rome is
advised to facilitate an informed assessment when it comes to condemning Russia's
actions.
 CHAPTER 2
Practical Task
Through the thorough examination of Russia's criminal activities, I have
developed a profound comprehension of the practical application and profound
influence of the Statute of Rome, along with various other conventions and statutes.
In addition, I have effectively applied and strengthened the theoretical knowledge
acquired during my university studies, thereby augmenting my adeptness in
employing international legal terminology as well as general scientific and legal
terminology. These endeavors have encompassed a wide range of tasks, including but
not limited to conducting meticulous legal document searches, scrutinizing
international and national legal instruments, proficiently translating legal documents,
vigilantly monitoring news updates, and diligently staying apprised of dynamic
changes in the current Ukrainian legislation, among an array of other engagements.
Plan-Schedule of the Internship
Date Event Planned
12.06.2023 I thoroughly studied all the rules and terms necessary for
completing the task at hand.
13.06.2023 I reviewed and analyzed the first theoretical part and written an
abstract summarizing its content.
14.06.2023 I went through the second theoretical part and written an
abstract summarizing its key points.
Familiarized myself with the third theoretical part, conducted
research on the history and activities of the United Nations, and
15.06.2023
studied the UN Charter and recent news spanning the past two
months.
16.06.2023 I familiarized myself with the Statute of Rome, which is of
significance in this context.
Got familiar and read the following articles: "The Notion and
Characteristics of War Crimes," "Distinction between the
 Concepts War of Military Crimes," "War Crimes in the Statutes
of International Criminal Tribunals and the Statute of Rome of
the International Criminal Court," and "General Characteristic
17.06.2023 of Crimes against Humanity in the Modern International
Criminal Law."
18.06.2023 Successfully completed a practical task related to the subject.
19.06.2023 Prepared all the necessary documentation, including a diary,
report, and characteristic.
 CHAPTER 3
Theoretical Task
QUESTION 1
1. The Mission of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
The Mission of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine is to represent and
protect the interests of Ukraine in the international arena and to facilitate a favorable
international environment for the development and realization of the potential of
Ukraine, its society and citizens.
The MFA’s primary goals and functions are determined by the Regulation
on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine:
-development and implementation of the state policy in the field of foreign
relations,
-providing by diplomatic means and methods protection of sovereignty and
security, territorial integrity and inviolability of the borders of Ukraine, restoration of
the territorial integrity within the internationally recognized borders,
-participation in the state’s policy-making process and its further
implementation, aimed at Europen and Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine,
-development of cooperation with foreign states and international organizations,
-coordination of the state institutions’ activities to ensure realization of the single
foreign policy of Ukraine.
According to the 3rd paragraph of the Regulations on the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of
Ministers of Ukraine dated March 30, 2016 No. 281, the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of Ukraine has the following tasks:
1) ensuring the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of
external relations;
2) provision of:
 - protection of national interests of Ukraine in the field of international relations;
- diplomatic means and methods of protecting sovereignty, international security,
territorial integrity and inviolability of the borders of Ukraine, its political, trade-
economic, cultural, humanitarian and other interests;
- development of ties with Ukrainians abroad and their public associations,
coordination of activities carried out by executive authorities with the aim of
developing such ties;
- state bodies with information necessary for effective foreign and domestic
policy of Ukraine;
3) implementation of the foreign policy course of Ukraine aimed at the
development of political, economic, cultural, humanitarian, scientific and other
relations with foreign countries and international organizations;
4) coordination of the activities of state bodies to ensure the implementation of a
unified foreign policy course of Ukraine;
5) protection of the rights and interests of citizens and legal entities of Ukraine
abroad;
6) promoting the establishment of Ukraine's international authority, raising its
image in the world as a reliable and predictable partner;
7) studying and conducting an analysis of the political and economic situation in
the world, the foreign and domestic policies of foreign countries, the activities of
international organizations;
8) participation in ensuring, within the limits of the powers provided for by law,
the implementation of the state foreign economic policy, the policy of integration of
the national economy into the world economic system;
9) participation in the formation and implementation of state policy aimed at the
integration of Ukraine into the European political, economic, security and legal space,
acquisition of membership in the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization;
10) participation in ensuring the development of international law;
10-1) participation in the formation, implementation and monitoring of the
effectiveness of the state sanctions policy;
 10-2) coordination of the state sanctions policy with the sanctions policy of the
EU, the USA, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada,
and other foreign countries.
11) other tasks in accordance with the law.
2. The Strategic Priorities for the MFA’s activities
-Consolidating international efforts aimed at countering Russia’s ongoing armed
aggression against Ukraine and securing unwavering international support for Ukraine
on the restoration of her sovereignty and territorial integrity;
-Promoting cooperation with key international partners;
-Developing partnerships and a good neighbor policy with neighboring
countries;
-Protecting the rights and interests of Ukrainian citizens and legal entities of
Ukraine abroad;
-Supporting Ukrainian businesses abroad and attracting foreign direct investment
(FDI);
-Facilitating cooperation with the Ukrainian diaspora overseas and strengthening
their rights in Ukraine;
-Strengthening the international credibility of Ukraine, improving the country’s
profile and attractiveness on the world stage and overcoming distorted and outdated
stereotypes through the means of public and cultural diplomacy.
3. Formation and Establishment of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Ukraine
The formation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine as a state structure
can be traced back to the First Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada in 1917,
which led to the establishment of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The Second
Universal proclaimed the General Secretariat as the executive body, with the
Secretariat of International Affairs functioning as part of it. This marked the
beginnings of Ukraine's Foreign Service.
On December 22, 1917, the Head of the General Secretariat, Volodymyr
Vynnychenko, and the Secretary General of International Affairs, Olexandr Shulhyn,
signed the "Draft Law on the Establishment of the General Secretariat of International
Affairs." This document outlined the responsibilities of the General Secretariat of
International Affairs, which included conducting state international relations,
protecting the interests of Ukrainian citizens abroad, and resolving national disputes.
 The Fourth Universal of the Central Rada in January 1918 further propelled the
development of Ukrainian foreign policy. It declared the Ukrainian People's Republic
as an independent and sovereign state. This prompted the establishment of a network
of diplomatic and consular missions, functioning in accordance with state laws and
regulations of the Secretariat of International Affairs, later known as the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
Under the Ukrainian State Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky, who assumed power in
April 1918, the government continued to expand diplomatic relations. Ukraine sent
diplomatic missions to countries such as Romania, Finland, Switzerland, and Sweden,
while also receiving representatives from Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Georgia,
Germany, Turkey, Poland, Romania, Finland, and others.
Minister for Foreign Affairs Dmytro Doroshenko played a significant role in the
development of the Ukrainian foreign service. He achieved important diplomatic
results, established an effective structure for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and
developed the legal basis for foreign policy activities. In 1918, laws on embassies,
missions, and the Ukrainian consular service were passed.
During the period of the Second Republican government, known as the
Directory, formed in December 1918, diplomatic contacts established by previous
Ukrainian governments were largely preserved and expanded. The Directory sent
diplomatic representatives to Belgium, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, and the United
States. Embassies were established in Estonia, Latvia, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary.
The Ukrainian government was also represented in the Vatican. The Ukrainian
delegation participated in the Paris Peace Conference and acted as the temporary
diplomatic representative of Ukraine in France.
The foreign policy activities of the West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR)
also played a significant role in Ukrainian diplomacy. The Act of Unification,
publicly proclaimed on January 22, 1919, aimed to unify Ukrainian lands into a single
state. The WUPR established diplomatic contacts with representative offices in
Austria, Italy, Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and sent special
missions to countries with significant Ukrainian populations, including Canada, the
United States, and Brazil.

The Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the period of the Soviet
Union
 In addition to the state-building efforts of the Ukrainian People's Republic
(UPR), West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR), Hetman government, and the
Directory, parallel state structures of Soviet Ukraine began to form in July 1917. The
People's Secretariat of International Affairs, later transformed into the People's
Secretariat of Foreign Affairs under the leadership of Volodymyr Zatonsky, assumed
some foreign policy functions during the formation of Soviet Ukraine's power
structures. In January 1919, the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian
Socialist Soviet Republic (USSR) was established, with Chrystyjan Rakovsky serving
as the head of both the Council and the Foreign Ministry of Soviet Ukraine.
Representatives of the USSR were present in Warsaw, Berlin, and Prague, while
foreign diplomatic representatives of Poland, Austria, Germany, and Czechoslovakia
primarily handled trade, economic, and consular matters in Soviet Ukraine. However,
with the establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in December 1922,
all foreign policy, economic, and trade affairs fell under the jurisdiction of the central
Union authorities, depriving Ukraine of its ability to conduct independent foreign
policy. It was not until February 1, 1944, when the Supreme Council of the Soviet
Union adopted a law delegating powers in the field of foreign affairs to the Union
republics, that Ukraine regained its rights in foreign policy after a two-decade hiatus.
During the period of 1944-1990, Ukraine's international activities primarily revolved
around its participation in the United Nations (UN), allowing limited opportunities to
communicate with the international community, engage in global and regional
discussions, and gain experience in multilateral diplomacy. As a founding member of
the UN, the Ukrainian SSR played an active role in shaping the UN Charter and its
institutions. Ukrainian SSR became a member of various international agencies,
including the International Court of Justice (1945) and organizations such as the
World Health Organization, Universal Postal Union, World Meteorological
Organization, International Labour Organization (ILO), UNESCO, the Economic
Commission for Europe, and the IAEA. Ukraine also served as a non-permanent
member of the UN Security Council in 1948-1949 and 1984-1985. However, it was
only in 2000-2001, during its third term as a non-permanent member of the UN
Security Council, that Ukraine participated as an independent state in international
relations.

The Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the period of the

Ukrainian independence
 A new chapter in Ukrainian diplomacy began on July 16, 1990, when the
Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) of the Ukrainian SSR adopted the Declaration on State
Sovereignty of Ukraine. This declaration asserted Ukraine's status as a subject of
international law and its ability to establish direct relations with other states, negotiate
treaties, exchange diplomatic, consular, and trade missions, and actively participate in
international organizations. Following Ukraine's historic Act of Independence on
August 24, 1991, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs faced new challenges, including the
recognition of Ukraine by the international community, the establishment of
diplomatic relations, the creation of an effective network of diplomatic and consular
missions, and the pursuit of full bilateral relations and membership in major
international organizations.

In the early years of independence, Ukraine gained recognition from over 170
foreign countries, with diplomatic relations and bilateral cooperation being
established with nearly all of them. On July 2, 1993, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
adopted the Basic Directions of Foreign Policy, which provided a framework for
Ukraine's foreign relations. According to Article 106 of the Ukrainian Constitution,
the President of Ukraine assumes responsibility for the country's foreign policy. The
President represents Ukraine in international relations, conducts negotiations, and
concludes international treaties. Additionally, the President has the authority to
recognize foreign states, appoint and dismiss heads of diplomatic missions, and accept
credentials of foreign diplomatic representatives.

Ukraine has successfully developed an extensive network of diplomatic and

consular missions abroad. Currently, Ukraine is a member of more than 90
international organizations, and from 2000 to 2001, it served as a non-permanent
member of the UN Security Council. Throughout its independence, Ukrainian
representatives have held prominent positions in various international structures,
notably within the United Nations. An outstanding example is the election of
Hennadiy Udovenko, a Ukrainian representative, as President of the 52nd session of
the UN General Assembly.

4. The structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Department for ensuring the work of the leadership of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs: Responsible for organizing and ensuring the work of the leadership of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including the work schedule, relationships with other
departments and coordination of internal processes.
Political Department: Responsible for the analysis of the political situation in
the countries of the world, the development and implementation of Ukraine's foreign
policy strategy.

Department of Public Diplomacy: Engages in popularization and promotion of

foreign policy positions of Ukraine through mass media, including media, social
networks and public events.
The Department of Economic Diplomacy and Sanctions Policy: Ensures the
development of Ukraine's economic relations with other countries, coordinates the
implementation of sanctions policy and the protection of Ukraine's economic
interests.
EU and NATO Department: Responsible for the development of relations
between Ukraine, the European Union and NATO, and also coordinates Ukraine's
integration into Euro-Atlantic structures.
First Territorial Department, Second Territorial Department, Third Territorial
Department, Fourth Territorial Department, Fifth Territorial Department:
Responsible for interaction with countries and regions of the world, including
political, economic and consular matters.
The sixth territorial administration: Ensures interaction with the countries of
Eastern Europe and the Baltic states.
Department of International Organizations: Responsible for Ukraine's
cooperation with international organizations, such as the UN, OSCE and others.
Department of International Security: Coordinates activities on international
security issues, in particular in the field of arms control, nuclear non-proliferation and
the fight against terrorism.
Department of International Law: Responsible for promoting the
implementation and protection of the principles of international law in the activities of
Ukraine and its relations with other countries.
Department of State Protocol: Responsible for the organization and coordination
of state visits, protocol events and protocol issues.
Consular Service Department: Provides consular support for Ukrainian citizens
abroad, registration of national passports, issuance of visas and other consular
services.
 Department of Financial and Administrative Management: Provides financial
and administrative management of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including
budgeting, financial control and procurement management.
Exporter Support Office: Provides support for the export of Ukrainian goods and
services by coordinating export promotion activities and finding new markets.
Digital Transformation Office: Responsible for the development and
implementation of digital initiatives and technologies in the activities of the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs in order to improve the efficiency and quality of work.

Department of Personnel Management: It deals with personnel management,

personnel provision and development of personnel potential of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
Office of Ukrainians Abroad and Humanitarian Cooperation: Responsible for
issues related to the protection of the rights and interests of Ukrainians abroad,
humanitarian aid and cooperation with international humanitarian organizations.
Department of Accounting and Financial Reporting: Ensures accounting,
preparation of financial statements and implementation of financial procedures of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Legal Department: Provides legal support and advice on international law and
legal issues related to the activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Department of electronic record keeping and digitization of the archive:
Manages electronic record keeping and digitization of the archive of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs in order to preserve and effectively use documents.
Regime-Secret Management: Responsible for ensuring the regime and secret
work of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including the preservation of confidential
information and the protection of state secrets.Sector of interaction with state bodies:
Ensures coordination and cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with other
state bodies of Ukraine on issues of foreign policy and diplomatic relations.
Internal Audit Sector: Responsible for conducting internal audits at the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs in order to ensure effective management and compliance with
norms and procedures.
Corruption Prevention and Detection Sector: Controls and prevents corruption
in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by implementing effective anti-corruption
mechanisms and policies.
Sector of mobilization work and civil protection: Responsible for coordination of
mobilization measures and civil protection in case of crisis situations.
 Patronage Service Department: Provides patronage support and protection of the
rights of Ukrainians abroad, especially in conflict and crisis situations.
Control sector: Engages in monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs in order to ensure quality and improve work in
accordance with requirements and standards.
The Trade Union Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Represents the
interests of the employees of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, protects their rights and
interests, promotes the improvement of working conditions and social protection.

5. Foreign Diplomatic Institutions in Ukraine

Europe:
Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway,
Order of Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Vatican.
Asia and Oceania:
Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore,
South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen.
Africa and Middle East:
Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Iraq, Jordan, Kenia, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania,
Morocco,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Palestine, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South
Africa,
Sudan, Tunisia, UAE.
North America:
Canada, Mexico, USA
South America:
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Uruguay.

IN DETAILS (selectively):
 Austria (Ambassador: Mr. Arad Benkö, 01030; Location: Kyiv, Ivan Franko St.,
33; Date of establishing: January 24, 1992)
France (Ambassador: Mr. Etienne de Poncins; Location: 01901, Kyiv, Reitarska
St., 39)
Germany (Ambassador: Mrs. Anka Feldhusen; Location: 01901, Kyiv, Bohdana
Khmelnytskoho St., 25)
Great Britain (Ambassador: Ms. Melinda Simmons; Location: 01901, Kyiv,
Desiatynna St., 9)
Italy (Ambassador: Mr. Pier Francesco Zazo; Location: 01901, Kyiv, Yaroslavіv
Val St., 32-B)
Poland (Ambassador: Mr. Bartosz Cichocki; Location: 01901, Kyiv, Yaroslavіv
Val St., 12)
Spain (Ambassador: Mr. Ricardo López-Aranda Jagu; Located: 01901, Kyiv,
Khoryva St., 46)
Japan (Ambassador: Mr. Kuninori Matsuda; Located: 01901, Kyiv, Muzeinyi
Lane, 4)
Kazakhstan (Ambassador: Mr. Darkhan Amanovich Kaletayev; Located: 01901,
Kyiv, Yurіia Illienka St., 26)
Egypt (Ambassador: Mr. Ayman Ahmed Mokhtar Elgammal; Located: 01901,
Kyiv, Observatorna St., 19)
Israel (Ambassador: Mr. Michael Brodsky; Located: 01901, Kyiv, Lesі Ukrainky
Avenue, 34)
Canada (Ambassador: Mrs. Larisa Galadza-Cronin; Located: 01901, Kyiv,
Kostelna St., 13-A)
USA (Ambassador: Ms. Bridget A.Brink; Located: 04112, Kyiv, Ihoria
Sikorskoho St., 4)
Argentina (Ambassador: Mrs. Elena Leticia Teresa Mikusinski; Located: 01901,
Kyiv, Ivana Fedorova St., 12, 6-th floor)

6. Consular Affairs
Apostille
Apostille is a special stamp that is affixed to official documents and certifies the
authenticity of the signature, the quality in which the person who signed the document
acted, and, in the appropriate case, the authenticity of the impression of the seal or
stamp with which the document is affixed.
Apostille is affixed:
 -on official documents issued by the courts of Ukraine;
-on official documents emanating from justice bodies, state archival institutions,
bodies for the execution of punishments and probation;
-on official documents issued by the Ministry of Education and Science of
Ukraine, central executive bodies whose activities are directed and coordinated by the
Cabinet of Ministers through the Minister of Education and Science of Ukraine, their
territorial bodies, educational institutions, enterprises, institutions and organizations
that provide services in the field of education and sciences or conduct other activities
related to the provision of such services;
-on official documents drawn up by public and private notaries;
-on official certificates executed on documents signed by persons in their private
capacity, such as official certificates of registration of a document or fact that existed
on a certain date, and official and notarial certificates of signatures;
-on official documents issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, its
territorial bodies for the provision of service services and separate points of
registration of a qualified provider of electronic trust services - an accredited key
certification center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine;
-on official documents issued by the State Migration Service of Ukraine, its
territorial bodies and territorial subdivisions related to the field of migration
(immigration and emigration), including combating illegal (illegal) migration,
citizenship, refugees and other legally defined categories of migrants;
-on official documents issued by the State Tax Service of Ukraine and its
territorial bodies;
-on other official documents.
Apostille is not affixed to:
-original documents certifying identity and confirming citizenship of Ukraine,
documents certifying identity and confirming its special status, military tickets,
employment records, permits to carry weapons, vehicle registration certificates
(technical passports), other certificates issued in accordance with legislation of
Ukraine;
-originals, copies (photocopies) of regulatory and legal acts, explanations and
legal conclusions regarding their application, documents that have the nature of
correspondence.

On the territory of Ukraine, depending on the type of document, an apostille

is affixed:
 -By the Ministry of Education and Science - on official documents issued by
educational institutions, state bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations related
to the sphere of education and science.
Such documents include:
1) education diplomas;
2) certificates on the awarding of academic titles;
3) certificates, references from educational institutions, curricula and others.
-by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine - on documents issued by justice bodies
and courts, as well as on documents drawn up by notaries of Ukraine.
Such documents include:
1) certificates issued by state registration bodies of civil status acts;
2) extracts from the State Register of acts of civil status of citizens;
3) documents certified by notaries, court decisions and certificates.
Appeals for affixing an apostille are considered by territorial bodies of the
Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, notaries.
-by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine - on all other types of documents.

Legalization
Consular legalization of official documents is a procedure for confirming the
authenticity of the originals of official documents or certifying the authenticity of
signatures of officials authorized to certify signatures on documents, as well as the
authenticity of impressions of stamps and seals used to seal the document.
Consular legalization is carried out by an authorized employee of the Consular
Service Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, Representations of
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the territory of Ukraine or a consular official of a
foreign diplomatic institution of Ukraine.

A number of documents that the Department of the Consular Service of the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine accepts for consular legalization, namely:
- original diplomas of higher and secondary special education
of the international model, transcripts from credit information, diplomas of the
Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine undergo the legalization procedure
directly at the Department of the Consular Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
of Ukraine upon their submission by a representative of the educational institution
that issued the document, and in the presence of a letter of appeal from the
educational institution, certified by the ministry, to another central body of the
executive power to which the educational institution belongs. In this case, the
inscription "This document is legalized in the Department of the Consular Service of
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine" is made;
- archival certificates issued by archival divisions of the State Archives
Committee of Ukraine and departmental archives are sent to the Department of the
Consular Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine in response to requests
from foreign diplomatic institutions of Ukraine or diplomatic missions of foreign
countries in Ukraine and are legalized. On such documents, the inscription "This
document is legalized in the Department of the Consular Service of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Ukraine" is made;
- originals: certificates of civil status registration; certificate of civil status
registration authorities;
- other official documents after notarization of their copies and registration by
the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.

The following are not subject to legalization:

- documents and acts that contradict the legislation of Ukraine or may by their
content harm the interests of Ukraine, or contain information that defames the honor
and dignity of citizens;
- originals, copies and photocopies of passports, military tickets, employment
books, correspondence documents, permits to carry weapons, vehicle registration
certificates (technical passports), driver's license, identity card, legal acts and
clarifications regarding their application;
- documents issued by bodies and officials in excess of their powers.
Entry and stay of foreigners in Ukraine:
The procedure for issuing visas to foreigners and stateless persons for entry into
Ukraine and transit through its territory, requirements for the stay of foreigners and
stateless persons in Ukraine are regulated by:
-Law of Ukraine "On the Legal Status of Foreigners and Stateless Persons";
-Rules for issuing visas for entry into Ukraine and transit through its territory;
-The procedure for confirming the sufficient financial support of foreigners and
stateless persons for entry into Ukraine, stay in the territory of Ukraine, transit
passage through the territory of Ukraine and departure from its borders and
determination of the amount of such support;
 -Requirements for the organization of work on issuing visas for entry into
Ukraine and transit through its territory;
-Requirements for issuing visas in electronic form;
-The procedure for extending the period of stay and extending or shortening the
period of temporary stay of foreigners and stateless persons in the territory of
Ukraine;
-The procedure for issuing, issuing, exchanging, canceling, forwarding,
withdrawing, returning to the state, invalidating and destroying a temporary residence
permit;
-The procedure for issuing, issuing, exchanging, canceling, forwarding,
withdrawing, returning to the state, invalidating and destroying a permanent residence
permit.
A passport document is submitted by a foreigner and a stateless person for
registration at a checkpoint across the state border to an official of the State Border
Service. Registration is carried out for a period of no more than 90 days within 180
days.
The period of stay of foreigners and stateless persons on the territory of
Ukraine, passport documents or documents confirming a stateless person
registered by an official of the State Border Service of Ukraine shall be extended
by territorial bodies or units of the State Migration Service of Ukraine in
accordance with the Procedure.
Issuance of temporary or permanent residence permits to foreigners and
stateless persons is carried out by territorial bodies or units of the State
Migration Service of Ukraine in accordance with the Procedure.
If a foreigner or a stateless person loses a foreigner's passport document or
a document certifying a stateless person on the territory of Ukraine, they must
immediately notify the territorial body or unit of the State Migration Service in
writing, which is obliged to issue a certificate and send a corresponding notification to
the Administration of the State Migration Service. border service. In such a case, the
issue of extending the period of stay of a foreigner and a stateless person on the
territory of Ukraine or their departure from Ukraine is resolved after they receive a
passport document of a foreigner or a document certifying a person without
citizenship at the diplomatic mission or consular institution of the country of
citizenship or origin or previous permanent residence. citizenship, on the basis of a
personal application, a copy of a certificate issued by a territorial body or a unit of the
State Migration Service, about the loss of such a document and a certificate issued by
the Administration of the State Border Service, about crossing the state border (in the
event that the period of stay at the time of the last entry is not continued).
e-Visa (How to apply):
Step 1. Register at the MFA web-platform
Step 2. Fill in application form online
Step 3. Upload copies of necessary documents:
photo;
passport;
health insurance policy (30,000 euro coverage);
proof of sufficient funds;
document confirming the purpose of the visit
Step 4. Pay the fee:
- single entry e-Visa - 20 USA dollars
- double entry e-Visa – 30 USA dollars.
In the case of urgent procedure, the fee doubles.
All e-Visa applications are processed within urgent (1 working day) or non-
urgent (3 working days) procedure.
QUESTION II
United Nations General Assembly voted a resolution on March 2, 2022, demanding
that Russia immediately cease its military operations in Ukraine. The Assembly is
where all 193 UN Member States may express themselves. The resolution, which
protects Ukrainian sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, was supported
by 141 countries. The resolution demands that Russia "immediately, completely, and
unconditionally withdraw all of its military forces from Ukrainian territory within
internationally recognized borders." It was sponsored by over 90 nations and requires
a two-thirds majority in the Assembly to be passed. Belarus, the Democratic People's
Republic of Korea (also known as North Korea), Eritrea, Russia, and Syria voted
against it, with 35 abstention. The vote concluded a rare special emergency session of
the General Assembly, which began on Monday and saw countries take to the
platform to proclaim their opinions on the issue. Russia was summoned to use
diplomatic means. Sergiy Kyslytsya represents Ukraine at the United Nations. The
UN General Secretary, Antonio Guterres, advocated the urgent evacuation of forces
from Ukraine's recognized boundaries as of August 24, 1991.

QUESTION III
1. The history of the UN:
The United Nations was established after World War II in an attempt to maintain
international peace and security and to achieve cooperation among nations on
economic, social, and humanitarian problems. Its forerunner was the League of
Nations, an organization conceived under similar circumstances following World War
I. Established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international
cooperation and to achieve peace and security," the League of Nations ceased its
activities after it failed to prevent global war.
The need for an international organization to replace the League of Nations was
first stated officially on October 30, 1943, in the Moscow Declaration issued by
China, Great Britain, the United States, and the USSR. At the Dumbarton Oaks
Conference in 1944, those four countries drafted specific proposals for a charter for
the new organization. Later, at the Yalta Conference, in February of 1945, further
agreement was reached on the framework and structure of the organization. Later that
year, representatives of 50 nations attended the founding conference in San Francisco,
where they drafted and later signed the UN charter. The required number of nations
ratified the charter on October 24, 1945 (officially United Nations Day).
The United Nations has grown greatly in size since its inception. It began with
51 founding member nations and has since grown to 193 member states,
demonstrating a worldwide commitment to diversity and representation. The General
Assembly, in which each member state has an equal say, is a key platform for
important decisions on international peace and security issues.
 Along with peacekeeping, the UN has established a number of development
goals to address global concerns. The Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015)
aimed to eliminate poverty, promote gender equality, enhance healthcare, and address
environmental concerns. Building on the success of the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs), the United Nations (UN) established the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) in 2015. These targets include poverty eradication, climate action,
excellent education, and the development of sustainable cities, all of which must be
met by 2030.

2. Activities of the United Nations:

Peacekeeping:
The United Nations sends peacekeeping missions to conflict zones all over the
world. Peacekeepers are responsible for monitoring ceasefires, protecting civilians,
facilitating political processes, and providing humanitarian assistance. They have
played critical roles in conflict prevention and resolution.
Human Rights:
Through various processes, the UN promotes and safeguards human rights. The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, treaty bodies, special rapporteurs, and the
Human Rights Council are all examples of this. The UN aims to prevent human rights
violations, promote equality, and aid disadvantaged communities.
Sustainable Development:
The United Nations leads global efforts to achieve sustainable development. It
establishes development objectives such as the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), which address issues such as poverty eradication, education, gender equality,
climate action, and sustainable cities. The United Nations helps countries implement
sustainable development practices.
Humanitarian Assistance:
The United Nations provides humanitarian assistance to those afflicted by
conflicts, natural disasters, and other emergencies. It coordinates relief activities,
provides critical supplies, and promotes long-term recovery and development. UN
agencies such as UNICEF, UNHCR, and World Food Programme play critical roles
in humanitarian assistance.
Conflict Resolution and Mediation:
To avoid and resolve conflicts, the UN engages in conflict resolution and
mediation processes. It promotes conversation, negotiates peace treaties, and aids in
peacebuilding efforts. The United Nations' diplomatic activities seek to find peaceful
solutions to regional and international conflicts.
Environmental Protection:
The United Nations addresses global environmental issues such as climate
change. It organizes international conferences, establishes environmental standards,
and promotes environmentally sustainable practices. Its initiatives in this area include
the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris
Agreement.
3. UN Charter:
The UN Charter is a foundational document that specifies the UN's guiding
principles, organizational structure, and purposes. It serves as the organization's
constitution and provides a foundation for its actions.
The UN Charter was prepared and ratified at the San Francisco Conference in
1945, with representatives from 50 countries attending. It was ratified by the majority
of the initial member nations and come into effect on October 24, 1945.
The United Nations can take action on a wide variety of issues due to its unique
international character and the powers vested in its Charter, which is considered an
international treaty. As such, the UN Charter is an instrument of international law,
and UN Member States are bound by it. The UN Charter codifies the major principles
of international relations, from sovereign equality of States to the prohibition of the
use of force in international relations.
Since the UN's founding in 1945, the mission and work of the Organization have
been guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter, which
has been amended three times in 1963, 1965, and 1973. The six principal UN bodies
created by the Charter are the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and
Social Council, Secretariat, International Court of Justice, and the Trusteeship
Council (which is currently defunct). Each organ of the UN system has specific
responsibilities and activities.
The Charter also outlines the concepts of sovereign equality, non-interference in
internal affairs, peaceful conflict resolution, and respect for human rights. It fosters
collective security and the peaceful resolution of crises through discussions and, if
necessary, Security Council-authorized action.
The Charter establishes principles for the development of subsidiary bodies and
specialized agencies within the UN system, as well as the admission of new member
states.
Its structure:
Chapter I: Purposes and Principles - Outlines the main goals and principles of
the UN.
Chapter II: Membership - Defines the criteria and process for becoming a
member of the UN.
Chapter III: Organs - Establishes the principal organs of the UN.
Chapter IV: The General Assembly - Details the powers and procedures of the
General Assembly.
Chapter V: The Security Council - Addresses the powers and responsibilities of
the Security Council.
Chapter VI: Pacific Settlement of Disputes - Emphasizes peaceful dispute
resolution methods.
Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the
Peace, and Acts of Aggression - Grants the Security Council authority to respond to
threats to peace.
Chapter VIII: Regional Arrangements - Recognizes the role of regional
organizations in maintaining peace.
Chapter IX: International Economic and Social Cooperation - Focuses on
global economic and social cooperation.
Chapter X: The Economic and Social Council - Establishes the Economic and
Social Council as a UN organ.
 Chapter XI: Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories - Addresses
the advancement of non-self-governing territories.
Chapter XII: International Trusteeship System - Establishes a system for
administering trust territories.
Chapter XIII: The Trusteeship Council - Establishes the Trusteeship Council to
administer trust territories.
Chapter XIV: The International Court of Justice - Establishes the International
Court of Justice as the principal judicial organ.
Chapter XV: The Secretariat - Establishes the Secretariat as a principal UN
organ for administrative support.
Chapter XVI: Miscellaneous Provisions - Covers various miscellaneous
matters.
Chapter XVII: Transitional Security Arrangements - Addresses security
arrangements during the early stages of the UN.
Chapter XVIII: Amendments - Outlines the process for amending the UN
Charter.
Chapter XIX: Ratification and Signature - Details the process of ratification and
signature of the UN Charter by member states.
4. UN News for the last 2 months:
15 June 2023 (Humanitarian Aid)
«UN chief insists on solidarity with people of Syria, with ‘no time to spare’»
As donors gathered in Brussels at an international pledging conference for Syria
organized by the European Union on Thursday, UN chief António Guterres
highlighted the immense suffering of the Syrian people, which he said “defies
description”.
13 June 2023 (Peace and Security)
«Kakhovka dam disaster a health crisis in the making: WHO»
Disease outbreaks, a mental health crisis and lack of access to care are among the
devastating health impacts of the destruction of the Kahkovka dam in southern
Ukraine a week ago, the UN World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday.
 12 June 2023 (Humanitarian Aid)
«Ukraine: Kakhovka dam aid effort reaches 180,000 people»
Heavy rains and thunderstorms in the area of the Kakhovka dam disaster in
southern Ukraine aggravated the humanitarian situation there on Monday, making
evacuations and aid distribution harder.
11 June 2023 (Human Rights)
«From the Field: UN human rights officers on the frontline in Somalia»
Fleeing armed conflict is frightening, forcing people to escape violent clashes
and leave behind their homes, schools, and daily lives in a desperate search for safety.
9 June 2023 (Human Rights)
«Ukraine flood disaster: needs grow as long-term impacts loom»
The humanitarian situation following the destruction of the Kakhovka dam in
Ukraine is still a “moving target”, immediate needs are “huge”, and concerns are
rising for what the future holds, according to the UN’s top official in the country,
Denise Brown
4 June 2023 (Peace and Security)
«315,000 grave violations against children in conflict over 18 years:
UNICEF»
A staggering 315,000 grave violations against children in conflict took place
between 2005 and 2022, said UN Children’s Fund UNICEF on Monday, describing it
as a “stark illustration of the devastating impact of war” on the young.
1 June 2023 (Peace and Security)
«Ukraine: Over 1,500 children killed or injured, concern rises over forced
transfers»
With Ukraine’s Children’s Day celebrations on Thursday marred by the death of
a girl alongside other civilians in a Russian missile attack in the capital Kyiv, the
UN’s top humanitarian official in the country, Denise Brown, said she was “shocked
and saddened” by the incident.
30 May 2023 (Peace and Security)
 «IAEA chief outlines five principles to avert nuclear ‘catastrophe’ in
Ukraine»
The head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on Tuesday urged
the UN Security Council to unambiguously support five principles aimed at
preventing a nuclear accident amid the war in Ukraine, now in its 15th month.
26 May 2023 (Humanitarian Aid)
Ukraine: UN delivers aid to millions, as civilian suffering continues
Humanitarians reached 5.4 million people in Ukraine with desperately needed
aid by April this year, including cash assistance, food, health services, and medicines,
the UN said on Friday.
24 May 2023 (Humanitarian Aid)
«UN and partners seek $7 billion to prevent catastrophe in the Horn of
Africa»
With “crisis atop of crisis” threatening millions in the Horn of Africa, the
international community cannot afford to stand idly by, Secretary-General António
Guterres said at a pledging event to raise $7 billion for the region, held at UN
Headquarters in New York on Wednesday.
22 May 2023 (Peace and Security)
«Ukraine: Power loss at nuclear plant underscores ‘highly vulnerable’
safety situation»
The Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) in Ukraine lost all external
power for several hours on Monday morning, highlighting the urgent need to protect
the facility and prevent an accident, the Director General of the International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA) said in a statement.
19 May 2023 (Humanitarian Aid)
«Malawi: Over 500,000 children at risk of malnutrition, UNICEF warns»
The UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is seeking nearly $88 million to assist 6.5
million people in Malawi, including at least 573,000 boys and girls who are at risk of
malnutrition.
18 May 2023 (Peace and Security)
 «Ukrainian civilians subject to ‘unbearable routine’ of Russian attack»
Nearly 15 months after Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, civilians
are forced to live through an “unbearable routine”, amidst alarming levels of
destruction and damage to their communities, said the deputy UN disarmament chief
on Thursday.
15 May 2023 (Humanitarian Aid)
«Cyclone Mocha leaves ‘trail of devastation’ in Myanmar»
Cyclone Mocha was one of the strongest cyclones to ever hit Myanmar, the UN
aid coordination office (OCHA) in the country reported on Monday, leaving a “trail of
devastation” as it moved overland from the Bay of Bengal, particularly in the city of
Sittwe, capital of Rakhine State.
15 May 2023 (Humanitarian Aid)
«Ukraine: Imperative to ‘explore all options’ to reach civilians – UN relief
chief»
Civilians who are caught up in the crossfire in Ukraine need and deserve
humanitarian relief, “wherever the are”, said the UN Humanitarian Affairs chief on
Monday, briefing the Security Council, calling for aid workers to be allowed full
access, in line with international law.
12 May 2023 (Human Rights)
«Moura: Over 500 killed by Malian troops, foreign military personnel in 2022
operation»
There are “strong indications” that more than 500 people were killed – the vast
majority summarily executed – by Malian troops and foreign military personnel
during a five-day operation in the village of Moura in central Mali in March 2022.
10 May 2023 (Human Rights)
«Russia must provide ‘urgent and comprehensive’ care to opposition leader
Navalny: Rights experts»
The Russian government must provide the jailed opposition politician, Alexei
Navalny, with urgent and comprehensive medical care in light of his gravely
deteriorating health, the UN-appointed independent expert on torture cases said on
Wednesday.
 9 May 2023 (Peace and Security)
«UN Middle East envoy condemns deadly Israeli airstrikes in Gaza»
The top UN official involved in the Middle East peace process raised the alarm
on Tuesday following an Israeli military operation which reportedly killed more than
a dozen Palestinians, including three commanders from the militant group, Islamic
Jihad.
6 May 2023 (Peace and Security)
«UN chief calls for bolstered efforts to end violence in Great Lakes region»
At a time when more than 100 armed groups are plaguing communities in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) with grave human rights violations and
sexual violence, the UN chief said on Saturday that swift, bolstered efforts must end
the chronic cycle of conflict in the natural resources-rich Great Lakes region of
Africa.
4 May 2023 (Peace and Security)
«UN in Ukraine ‘appalled and saddened’ at deadly airstrikes and attacks»
The UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Ukraine issued a statement on Thursday
saying he and colleagues were “appalled and saddened” at the series of airstrikes and
attacks, which have killed and injured dozens of civilians there.
3 May 2023 (Humanitarian Aid)
«Around 258 million need emergency food aid: UN-backed report»
The number of people who need urgent food, nutrition and livelihood assistance
rose for the fourth consecutive year in 2022, due to conflict, climatic change, and
COVID-19 impacts, the UN and partners said in a report published on Wednesday.
«Fragile gains on reducing child marriage, under threat from ‘polycrisis’:
UNICEF»
2 May 2023 (Human Right)
The practice of child marriage has continued to decline globally, the UN
Children’s Fund (UNICEF) said in a new report published on Wednesday, warning
that a ‘polycrisis’ including war, climate shocks, and the continuing COVID
pandemic, is putting the fragile gains made towards ending the scourge, under threat.
 «UN condemns ‘inexcusable’ deadly airstrikes in Ukraine»
28 April 2023 (Peace and Security)
The acting UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Ukraine, Matthew Hollingworth,
has condemned a wave of deadly strikes that hit several cities early on Friday,
reportedly the most intense aerial bombardment in weeks.

CONCLUSION
An internship provides valuable hands-on experience in one's chosen field and
aids in the consolidation and organization of theoretical knowledge. It plays an
indispensable role in honing the expertise of professionals in their respective domains.
During my internship, I had the privilege of engaging with the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of Ukraine, delving into the realm of international conventions, and actively
participating in contract negotiations.
Throughout the course of the internship, I effectively fulfilled the following
objectives:
-Attained a comprehensive understanding of the operational dynamics within the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine.
-Acquainted myself with the intricate organizational framework governing the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine.
-Acknowledged and appreciated the instrumental role played by the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Ukraine in shaping the country's foreign policy.
 -Delved into the study of the Rome Statute, focusing extensively on articles 5, 7,
8, and 8 bis.
-Cultivated adeptness in case analysis and honed decision-making skills based on
compelling evidence and substantiated proof.
-Clarified the fundamental nature of war crimes and crimes against humanity,
effectively discerning the distinctions between war crimes and military crimes.
By successfully accomplishing the set objectives of the internship, I acquired the
necessary tools to seamlessly apply my theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios

THE LIST OF USED SOURCES

https://mfa.gov.ua/en/misiya-ta-strategiya
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/281-2016-%D0%BF#Text
https://mfa.gov.ua/en/misiya-ta-strategiya
https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-mfa/mfa-history
https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-mfa/mfa-structure
https://istanbul.mfa.gov.ua/konsulski-pitannya/zasvidchennya-dokumentiv/3641-
apostille
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0478-23#Text
https://mfa.gov.ua/consul/foreigners/entry-and-stay/pravila-vyizdu-ta-perebuvannya-
v-ukrayini
https://mfa.gov.ua/en/consular-affairs/entry-and-stay-foreigners-ukraine/e-visa
https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1113152
https://www.un.org/en/sections/history/history-united-nations/
https://www.un.org/en/about-us
https://www.un.org/en/member-states/
https://research.un.org/en/docs/dev/2000-2015
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/united-nations-charter#:~:text=The
%20United%20Nations%20was%20established,%2C%20social%2C%20and
%20humanitarian%20problems
https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/overview
https://www.ohchr.org/
https://sdgs.un.org/goals
https://www.un.org/en/sections/what-we-do/
https://www.un.org/en/sections/what-we-do/peace-and-security/peacemaking/
https://unfccc.int/
https://www.un.org/en/charter-united-nations/
https://news.un.org/ru/news?page=1