UNIT-5 Data Visualization Using Dataframe

Unit-5: Data Visualization using DataFrame
Unit-5 Data Visualization Using DataFrame
Data Visualization:
Using visualization elements like graphs, charts, maps, etc., it becomes easier for
clients to understand the underlying structure, trends, patterns and relationships among
variables within the dataset.
Installing matplotlib
Easiest way to install matplotlib is to use pip. Type following command in

terminal:
pip install matplotlib
Importing matplotlib
matplotlib.pyplot is a collection of command-style functions and methods

that have been intentionally made to work.
Import matplotlib.pyplot as pt
Plotting a Line
Plotting a Single Line Data( One dimension)
Example: (plot4.py)
BY: Heta S. Desai Shri S.V.Patel College of CS & BM Page 1

 plot():
plot() function is used to draw points in a diagram. By default plot()

function draws a line from point to point.
Syntax:
Pt.plot(parameter1, parameter2)
Here, parameter 1 containing the points on the x-axis and

Parameter 2 is an array containing the points on the y-axis.
 title():
Pt.title() function is used to provide a title of a graph.
Syntax:
Pt.title(“Title of a Graph”)
 xlabel() and tlabel():

xlabel() and ylabel() functions are used to provide a label of x-axis and y-
axis respectively.
Syntax:
Pt.xlabel(“x-axis name”)
Pt.ylabel(“Y axis name”)
 show():
pt.show() function is used to display the plotted points in a terms of graph.
Syntax:
Pt.show()
Plotting a Single Line Data( Two dimension)
Example: (plot1.py)

Multple Points:
Example: (plot2.py)

Markers:
You can use the keyword argument marker to emphasize each point with a
specified marker:
Example: (plot3.py)

You can Select any marker from the following list:
Marker Description
‘o’ Circle
‘*’ Star
‘.’ Point
‘,’ Pixel
‘+’ Plus
‘s’ Square
You can Specify Color for the line. You can select Color from the following list:
Color Description

‘r’ Red
‘g’ Green
‘b’ Blue
‘c’ Cyan
‘m’ Magenta
‘y’ Yellow
‘k’ Black
You can Select Line reference from the following list
Line Description
‘-’ Solid Line
‘:’ Dotted Line
‘--’ Dashed Line
Example: (plot5.py)

Plot Different Line With Different Formats
Example: (plot6.py)


What is markeredgecolor, markersize and markerfacecolor?

 You can use the keyword argument markersize or the shorter version, ms
to set the size of the markers:
o Syntax:
Plt.plot(x,y,ms=size)
 You can use the keyword argument markeredgecolor or the shorter mec to
set the color of the edge of the markers:
o Syntax:
Plt.plot(x,y,mec=’color’)
 You can use the keyword argument markerfacecolor or the shorter mfc to
set the color inside the edge of the markers:
o Syntax:
Plt.plot(x,y,mfc=’color’)
Example: (plot7.py)

Functions:
1) range():
2) legend():
A legend is an area describing the elements of the graph.
Syntax:
Plt.legend(*‘string’+,loc,ncol)

Attributes:
loc:
The attribute loc in legend() is used to specify the

location of the legend.Default value of loc is loc=”best”
(upper left). The strings ‘upper left’, ‘upper right’, ‘lower
left’, ‘lower right’ place the legend at the corresponding
corner of the axis.
ncol:
Represents the number of columns that the legend has.It’s

default value is 1.
Example: (plot8.py)


3) subplot():
With the subplots() function you can draw multiple plots in one figure. The
subplots() function takes three arguments that describes the layout of the figure.
The layout is organized in rows and columns, which are represented by the first
and second argument. The third argument represents the index of the current
plot.
Syntax:
Plt.subplot(rows,columns,index_current_plot)
Example:
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
#the figure has 1 row, 2 columns, and this plot is the first plot.
Example: (plot9.py)

Example: (plot10.py)

You can Specify Title and Supertitle of graphs using title() and suptitle() function.


How to create bar chart?

With Pyplot, you can use the bar() function to draw bar graphs.
The bar() function takes arguments that describes the layout of the bars.
The categories and their values represented by the first and second argument as
arrays.
Syntax:
Plt.bar(x,y)

Horizontal Bar:
If you want the bars to be displayed horizontally instead of vertically, use the barh()
function.
Syntax:
barh(x,y)

Note:
o you can apply color of the bar using color parameter.
o You can adjust width of the bar using width parameter. Default width is
0.8.
 Plt.bar(x,y,color=’r’,width=0.15)
o For horizontal bars, use height instead of width. You can also adjust the
height of the bar using height parameter. Default height is 0.8
 Plt.barh(x,y,color=’k’,height=0.2)
Example: (plo13.py)


How to create Histogram chart?
A histogram is a graph showing frequency distributions. It is a graph showing the

number of observations within each given interval.
Example:
You can read from the histogram that there are approximately:
2 people from 140 to 145cm

In Matplotlib, we use the hist() function to create histograms.
The hist() function will use an array of numbers to create a histogram, the array is sent
into the function as an argument.
Syntax:
Plt.hist(data)

rwidth attribute with hist() function and ylim() function
xlim() and ylim() functions

xlim():
The xlim() function in pyplot module of matplotlib library is used to get or set the
x-limits of the current axes.
Syntax:
plt.xlim(left,right)
Parameter:
left: This parameter is used to set the xlim to left.
right: This parameter is used to set the xlim to right.
ylim():
The ylim() function in pyplot module of matplotlib library is used to get or set the
y-limits of the current axes.
Syntax:
plt.ylim(left,right)
Parameter:
left: This parameter is used to set the ylim to left.
right: This parameter is used to set the ylim to right.

Functions: range(), grid():

Plt.grid():

With Pyplot, you can use the grid() function to add grid lines to the plot. You can
use the axis parameter in the grid() function to specify which grid lines to display.
Legal values are: 'x', 'y', and 'both'. Default value is 'both'.
You can also set the line properties of the grid,
like this: grid(color = 'color', linestyle = 'linestyle', linewidth = number).
Syntax:
Plt.grid(color = 'color', linestyle = 'linestyle', linewidth = number)
bins:
histogram displays numerical data by grouping data into "bins" of equal width.
Each bin is plotted as a bar whose height corresponds to how many data points are
in that bin. Bins are also sometimes called "intervals", "classes", or "buckets".

How to create Scatter Plot?
With Pyplot, you can use the scatter() function to draw a scatter plot.
The scatter() function plots one dot for each observation. It needs two arrays of the
same length, one for the values of the x-axis, and one for values on the y-axis.
You can set your own color for each scatter plot with the color or the c argument.
colormap:
The Matplotlib module has a number of available colormaps. A colormap is like a

list of colors, where each color has a value that ranges from 0 to 100.
In this case 'viridis' which is one of the built-in colormaps available in Matplotlib.
You can specify the colormap with the keyword argument cmap with the value of
the colormap.
You can include the colormap in the drawing by including the plt.colorbar()
statement.
size:
You can change the size of the dots with the s argument.
alpha:
You can adjust the transparency of the dots with the alpha argument.
Syntax:
Plt.scatter(x,y,c=”color”,s=size,alpha=transparency)

Note:
The two plots are plotted with two different colors, by default blue and orange,
you can change colors.




How to plot Bar Graph in Python using CSV file?

Steps:
1) Import module
2) Read file using read_csv() function

3) Plot bar graph
4) Display graph
Student_details.csv



UNIT-5 Data Visualization Using Dataframe

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UNIT-5 Data Visualization Using Dataframe

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Unit-5: Data Visualization using DataFrame

Unit-5 Data Visualization Using DataFrame

Easiest way to install matplotlib is to use pip. Type following command in

pip install matplotlib

matplotlib.pyplot is a collection of command-style functions and methods

Plotting a Single Line Data( One dimension)

BY: Heta S. Desai Shri S.V.Patel College of CS & BM Page 1

plot() function is used to draw points in a diagram. By default plot()

Here, parameter 1 containing the points on the x-axis and

Pt.title() function is used to provide a title of a graph.

 xlabel() and tlabel():

Pt.ylabel(“Y axis name”)

pt.show() function is used to display the plotted points in a terms of graph.

Plotting a Single Line Data( Two dimension)

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You can Select any marker from the following list:

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You can Select Line reference from the following list

‘-’ Solid Line

‘:’ Dotted Line

‘--’ Dashed Line

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Plot Different Line With Different Formats

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What is markeredgecolor, markersize and markerfacecolor?

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The attribute loc in legend() is used to specify the

Represents the number of columns that the legend has.It’s

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How to create bar chart?

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o you can apply color of the bar using color parameter.

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How to create Histogram chart?

A histogram is a graph showing frequency distributions. It is a graph showing the

2 people from 140 to 145cm

5 people from 145 to 150cm

15 people from 151 to 156cm

31 people from 157 to 162cm

46 people from 163 to 168cm

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53 people from 168 to 173cm

45 people from 173 to 178cm

28 people from 179 to 184cm

21 people from 185 to 190cm

4 people from 190 to 195cm

In Matplotlib, we use the hist() function to create histograms.

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rwidth attribute with hist() function and ylim() function

xlim() and ylim() functions

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left: This parameter is used to set the xlim to left.

right: This parameter is used to set the xlim to right.

left: This parameter is used to set the ylim to left.

right: This parameter is used to set the ylim to right.

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Functions: range(), grid():

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You can also set the line properties of the grid,

like this: grid(color = 'color', linestyle = 'linestyle', linewidth = number).

Plt.grid(color = 'color', linestyle = 'linestyle', linewidth = number)

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How to create Scatter Plot?

The Matplotlib module has a number of available colormaps. A colormap is like a

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