INDUSTRIAL SAFETY &

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Prepared by:
Mohamed Osama 217815
Mohamed Ahmed 216498
Supervised by:
Abdelrahman Tarek 185579 Dr. Tamer Mohamed
Akram Hesham 216649 Eng. Mark Safwat
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Table of Contents
1. Abstract...................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................... 3
3. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4
4. Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 5
5. Methodology............................................................................................................................. 6
5.1 Process flow diagram ....................................................................................................... 6
5.2 Identified safety hazards at the facility ........................................................................ 8
5.3 Available safety/environmental regulations ............................................................. 10
5.4 Pollution types and its sources ..................................................................................... 12
6. Findings ................................................................................................................................... 13
6.1 Risk assessment analysis ............................................................................................... 13
6.2 Environmental control methods................................................................................... 14
7. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 15
8. References ............................................................................................................................... 16

List of Figures
Figure 1: Formal workers ............................................................................................................ 4
Figure 2: narrow spaces............................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3: trippy objects ................................................................................................................ 5
Figure 4: elevator with no railings ............................................................................................. 8
Figure 5: wood planks stacked ................................................................................................... 9
Figure 6: chainsaw to cut wood planks .................................................................................... 9
Figure 7: wood dust collected with no safety measures ...................................................... 12
Figure 8: some of the paint used in the factory ..................................................................... 12
Figure 9: wood cutting chainsaw ............................................................................................. 13

List of Tables
Table 1: Risk assessment analysis ............................................................................................ 13
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1. Abstract
The report studies the industrial safety of wooden doors and the environmental
management of this industry to identify possible hazards that threaten worker’s life
and for pollution controlling and reduction along its production process. Using process
flow diagram (PFD) for clarifying the production process of doors. Classifying hazard
categories in wood industries which are physical, chemical, and ergonomic hazards.
Then making risk assessments for observed hazards. Also, there are many types of
pollution emitted from this industry such as air, chemical, and noise pollution which
have a bad influence on the environment.

2. Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Dr. Tamer Mohamed for his help to us throughout the entire
year and his support in understanding all the material and his care in teaching us
through an interactive method that not only is helpful but also keeps the students more
motivated and focused throughout the year.
We would also like to thank Eng. Mark Safwat for his incredible support throughout
the year and for helping us when we were clearly lost in all the work and research we
had to do.
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3. Introduction
Because a healthy and engaged workforce is essential to a company's social and
economic success, removing workplace hazards is essential to protecting workers.
While dangers and hazards are possible in any employment, wood workers are
especially subject to a variety of problems that most workers are unaware of while on
the job. The risk of adverse health consequences, such as physical injury and accidents,
bacterial and chemical illnesses, and disorders faced by non-cancerous to cancerous,
increases as a result. Compared to official workers, informal sector workers are far more
likely to be exposed to hazardous environmental conditions, poor working conditions,
and poor safety and health regulations, all of which can lead to illness or injury.
Furthermore, most informal workers know very little or nothing about the hazards they
confront and how to reduce them. Additionally, the development of technology in
conjunction with large machinery and equipment has frequently compromised the
health and safety of industry personnel.

Figure 2: narrow spaces Figure 1: Formal workers

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4. Objectives
To identify potential risks to worker safety and to control and reduce pollution all
through the production process, the report examines the environmental management of
the wooden door industry as well as industrial safety. Using a process flow diagram
(PFD) to make the door production process more visible. Categorizing dangers in the
wood industry into three categories: ergonomic, chemical, and physical. performing
risk assessment for the identified hazards after that. Additionally, this industry releases
a variety of pollutants that harm the environment, including chemicals, noise, and air
pollution.

Figure 3: trippy objects

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5. Methodology
5.1 Process flow diagram
• The process flow diagram is consistent with two steps the first one is the main
process and the second is the finishing process.

First, the main process:

double thicknees
charnwood
disk planer

double
drilling assembly
disk

The double disk:

• The workers get the row material and start by cutting the material to the desired
length of the work piece. In this step the length is larger than the finished
product length.
Charnwood machine:
• The workpiece goes into the Charnwood machine that is used to clean the
surface of the workpiece.
Thickness planer machine:
• The workpiece’s thickness is not constant in all workpieces. so, the worker insert
the workpiece in the thickness planer machine to decrease the thickness of the
piece and to smooth the surface.
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Double disk:
• In this step the worker cut the length of the workpiece to the finish length that is
used in the product.
Assembly:
• In the assembly process the workers put the door inner frame together by
nailing.
Drilling:
• In this stage the door main frame is done and the worker drill main parts in the
door for the future assembly.

Secondly, the finishing stage.

The finishing stage cycle:

cold press double ends sanding

glue yorya
CNC hot press
with the shell

Cold press:
• The door starts with a cold press to put the cover of the frame.
Double ends:
• The worker put the door in to a machine that glues a shell to the ends of the door
frame.
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Sanding:
• The worker sand the ends of the door frame to ensure that the frame and the
glued shell are leveled.
Gule yorya with the shell:
• The worker spread the yorya glue on the door frame then put the outer shell on
the glue.
Hot press:
• To cure the residue on the door frame from the last stage.
CNC:
• The worker inserts the door in the CNC machine that starts by removing the
remaining glue form the door. Then it starts to curve the location of the door
hinge, Knobs/Handles and Locksets.

5.2 Identified safety hazards at the facility

1- Falling of wooden parts on workers.

2- Workers getting cut.
3- Limb getting crushed between a
machine.
4- Slipping.
5- Fire breaks out.
6- Workers are getting electrocuted.
7- Workers are getting sick.
8- Workers choking.
9- Workers get back pain from loading Figure 4: elevator with no railings

heavy items.
10- Workers being exposed to chemicals.
11- Workers are getting affected by (HAVS) hand-arm vibration syndrome.
12- Workers getting worse hearing or (hearing problems).
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Figure 6: chainsaw to cut wood planks Figure 5: wood planks stacked

Discussion of each of the hazards:

1- Falling of wooden parts on workers:

We noticed that in the factory many wooden planks and materials were stacked
vertically to great heights with no real safety measure to prevent them from falling on
workers.
2- Workers getting cut:
We also noticed that the machines are extremely dangerous as a small mistake could
lead to a major cut.
3- limb getting crushed between a machine:
Worker’s limbs could get stuck between certain machines that compact which could
lead to these parts getting crushed.
4- Slipping:
Due to the wood planks and machine parts and other small parts workers could easily
trip making them fall.
5- Fire breaks out:
The wood dust which is due to the plank’s getting cut is easily flammable which gives a
high probability of a flame occurring.
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6- Workers getting electrocuted:

Due to the machines using high voltage there is a probability that a small mistake could
lead to workers getting electrocuted.
7- Workers getting sick:
As many of the wood chips and paint is found around the factory it is possible that
workers could be getting sick from inhaling it.
8- Workers choking:
Woodchips coming from planks being cut could result in workers choking.
9- Workers get back pain or back injuries:
The personnel in the factory could get back injuries due to the picking of large/heavy
materials in the factory.
10- Workers being exposed to chemicals:
In the process of the factory the workers are exposed to paint which can be very
dangerous to inhale.
11- Workers getting affected by (HAVS) hand-arm vibration syndrome:
Which is a known syndrome that affects people who are exposed to constant vibrations
for long hours and can affect their day-to-day life.
12- Workers getting hearing problems:
Due to machines causing loud noises for long hours workers could get hearing
problems or temporary hearing loss.

5.3 Available safety/environmental regulations

1- OSHA regulations:
The obligation to comply with the standards related to:
- Machine guarding
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Hazardous material handling
- Noise exposure
- Ergonomics
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2- Hazard communications:
Regarding the communication with hazards associated with chemicals through the
production process, including:
- Proper labeling of containers
- Safety data sheets (SDS)
- Employee training on handling and storage of hazardous materials

3- Fire safety regulations:

The presence of fire safety requirements in place including:
- Fire prevention measures
- Emergency evacuation plans
- Proper storage and handling of flammable materials

4- Air quality regulations:

Due to dust and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) regulations may include:
- Dust control measures
- Installation of air fertilization equipment

5- Waste management:
There are regulations regarding proper handling, storage, and disposal of wastes
generated including:
- Sawdust
- Wood scraps
- Chemical waste
Compliance involves recycling and reusing waste.

6- Noise regulations:
Involving:
- Implementing measures to control noise levels
- Providing hearing protection
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7- Water pollution prevention:

Including:
- Implementing measures to control chemical spills
- Proper containment of wastewater
- Treatment before discharge

5.4 Pollution types and its sources

1- Air pollution:
• It occurs due to the wood dust from machines
cutting the wood. This dust could be very
dangerous for the workers to inhale as it could
cause choking or sickness from prolonged
exposure. This dust could also lead to fire
breaking out in not only the factory but also
the locations around which could not have the
proper measures to deal with such fires. Figure 7: wood dust collected with no safety measures

• Sources of this pollutions is the cutting of wood around the factory example:

2- Chemical pollution:
• It occurs from the painting of the wood at the finishing of the project this paint
could be very dangerous to the workers in the factory as it could lead to nausea,
headache, and puking it could also lead to
more extreme sickness like cancer or even
death.
• This source originates from the paint used
by the workers in the factory for example:

Figure 8: some of the paint used in the factory

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3- Noise pollution:
• Due to the heavy machinery in the factory the sound level is extremely high
which could result in workers getting temporary hearing loss or minor deafness.
This could also result in workers’ mental state deteriorating.
• This pollution is caused by machines like wood chainsaws, press machines and
other heavy machinery.
4- Environmental pollution:
• This pollution destroys the ozone layer
which protects the planet from the sun’s
rays.
• It’s caused by the delivery trucks and
machines producing carbon dioxide into
the environment.

Figure 9: wood cutting chainsaw

6. Findings
6.1 Risk assessment analysis

Table 1: Risk assessment analysis

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6.2 Environmental control methods

There are many methods to control these hazards that could affect not only the
environment but also the personnel working the facility. In this section we will discuss
some of the measures that could be taken to counter these hazards.

1- Air pollution:
• Workers wear proper equipment to protect them.
• Machines have safe proof storage locations of the wood dust so as not to
spread around.
• Machines that result in wood dust are separated from the rest of the machine
to keep the factory safe and prevent fires.

2- Chemical pollution:
• Workers wear masks that protect against chemical materials.
• Painting process is done in safe rooms to protect the other workers
• Limited exposure of workers to paint through giving them shorter

3- Noise pollution:
• Giving workers noise decreasing equipment.
• Increasing the distance between the machines and workers.
• Decreasing the time of using the machines to decrease exposure to it.

4- Environmental pollution:
• Using machines that emit carbon dioxide more efficiently
• Decreasing the usage of loading trucks.
• Changing as much machinery to electrical instead of petrol.
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7. Conclusion
Wood workers are exposed to many hazards in their working environment and as such
there have been several studies conducted on occupational health and safety in the
wood processing industries. Workers must be provided with healthy occupational
environment by making and implementing all safety polices and interventions. If
workers are provided with PPE’s and constantly trained on their proper use and safety
practices, workers become confident so fatalities and serious injuries in the wood
industry will be eliminated.
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8. References

1. Wood Manufacturing. (n.d.). Www.safemanitoba.com.

https://www.safemanitoba.com/topics/Pages/Wood-Manufacturing.aspx
2. Safety topics – Working with machinery. (n.d.). Www.hse.gov.uk.
https://www.hse.gov.uk/woodworking/workingmachine.htm
3. 12 Most Common Woodworking Hazards. (n.d.).
Www.carriagetradeinsurance.com.
https://www.carriagetradeinsurance.com/blog/12-most-common-
woodworking-hazards.aspx
4. Holcroft, C. A., & Punnett, L. (2009). Work environment risk factors for injuries
in wood processing. Journal of Safety Research, 40(4), 247–255.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2009.05.001