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    PF-Lab-16-File Handling

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    The document discusses file handling in C++. It explains that files are used to store data permanently and C++ provides classes like ofstream, ifstream, and fstream for working with files. The fstream library allows opening, reading from, writing to and closing files. It also provides examples of writing a character and reading line by line from a file. The document ends with tasks to write strings to a file and count characters, and copy contents from one file to another.

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    PF-Lab-16-File Handling

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    sans42699
    34 views6 pages
    The document discusses file handling in C++. It explains that files are used to store data permanently and C++ provides classes like ofstream, ifstream, and fstream for working with files. The fstream library allows opening, reading from, writing to and closing files. It also provides examples of writing a character and reading line by line from a file. The document ends with tasks to write strings to a file and count characters, and copy contents from one file to another.

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    The document discusses file handling in C++. It explains that files are used to store data permanently and C++ provides classes like ofstream, ifstream, and fstream for working with files. The fstream library allows opening, reading from, writing to and closing files. It also provides examples of writing a character and reading line by line from a file. The document ends with tasks to write strings to a file and count characters, and copy contents from one file to another.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views6 pages

    PF-Lab-16-File Handling

    Uploaded by

    sans42699
    The document discusses file handling in C++. It explains that files are used to store data permanently and C++ provides classes like ofstream, ifstream, and fstream for working with files. The fstream library allows opening, reading from, writing to and closing files. It also provides examples of writing a character and reading line by line from a file. The document ends with tasks to write strings to a file and count characters, and copy contents from one file to another.

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    You are on page 1of 6

    Lab 16

    File Handling
    What is file handling in C++?
    Files store data permanently in a storage device. With file handling, the output from a program can be
    stored in a file. Various operations can be performed on the data while in the file. A stream is an
    abstraction of a device where input/output operations are performed. You can represent a stream as either
    a destination or a source of characters of indefinite length. This will be determined by their usage. C++
    provides you with a library that comes with methods for file handling.

    The fstream Library


    The fstream library provides C++ programmers with three classes for working with files. These classes
    include:
    • ofstream- This class represents an output stream. It's used for creating files and writing
    information to files.
    • ifstream- This class represents an input stream. It's used for reading information from data files.
    • fstream- This class generally represents a file stream. It comes with ofstream/ifstream
    capabilities. This means it's capable of creating files, writing to files, reading from data files.
    The following image makes it simple to understand:

    To use the above classes of the fstream library, you must include it in your program as a header file.

    How to Open Files


    Before performing any operation on a file, you must first open it. If you need to write to the file, open it
    using fstream or ofstream objects. If you only need to read from the file, open it using the ifstream object.
    The three objects, that is, fstream, ofstream, and ifstream, have the open() function defined in them.
    The function takes this syntax:

    • The file_name parameter denotes the name of the file to open.


    • The mode parameter is optional. It can take any of the following values:
    How to Close Files
    Once a C++ program terminates, it automatically
    • flushes the streams
    • releases the allocated memory
    • closes opened files.
    However, as a programmer, you should learn to close open files before the program terminates. The
    fstream, ofstream, and ifstream objects have the close() function for closing files. The function takes
    this syntax:
    void close();

    How to Write to Files


    You can write to file right from your C++ program. You use stream insertion operator (<<) for this. The
    text to be written to the file should be enclosed within double-quotes.
    How to Write to Files character by character:
    #include <iostream>
    #include <fstream>

    int main() {
    // Specify the file path
    const std::string filePath = "output.txt";

    // Open the file for writing


    std::ofstream outputFile(filePath);

    // Check if the file is open successfully


    if (!outputFile.is_open()) {
    std::cerr << "Error opening file: " << filePath << std::endl;
    return 1; // Return an error code
    }

    // Write a character to the file using put


    char ch = 'A';
    outputFile.put(ch);

    // Close the file


    outputFile.close();

    std::cout << "Character written to the file successfully!" << std::endl;

    return 0; // Return success code


    }

    How to Read from Files


    You can read information from files into your C++ program using stream extraction operator (>>). You
    use the operator in the same way you use it to read user input from the keyboard. However, instead of
    using the cin object, you use the ifstream/ fstream object.
    How to Read from Files Line by Line

    #include <iostream>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <string>

    int main() {
    // Specify the file path
    const std::string filePath = "input.txt";

    // Open the file for reading


    std::ifstream inputFile(filePath);

    // Check if the file is open successfully


    if (!inputFile.is_open()) {
    std::cerr << "Error opening file: " << filePath << std::endl;
    return 1; // Return an error code
    }

    // Read and print each line from the file


    std::string line;
    while (std::getline(inputFile, line)) {
    std::cout << line << std::endl;
    }

    // Close the file


    inputFile.close();
    return 0; // Return success code
    }
    Tasks

    Problem No: 1
    Write a C++ program, which initializes a string variable to the content "Time is a great teacher but
    unfortunately it kills all its pupils. Berlioz" and write the string to a file OUT.txt. Then read the content
    from the text file OUT.txt, count and display the number of alphabets present in it.

    Problem No: 2
    Write a C++ program to create a file “story.txt”. Write the following lines into the file using fstream.
    “The rose is red.
    A girl is playing there.
    There is a playground.
    An aeroplane is in the sky.
    Numbers are not allowed in the password.”

    Now copy the contents of this file into another file named “output.txt”

    Submission Instructions:
    1. Save all .cpp files with your lab no, roll no and task number e.g. LAB14_i23XXXX_Problem01.cpp
    2. Take the screenshots of your program outputs showing on the terminal.
    3. Submit all .cpp files directly on Google Classroom.

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