Applied Statistics and Probability For Engineers 6th Edition Montgomery Solutions Manual
Applied Statistics and Probability For Engineers 6th Edition Montgomery Solutions Manual
Applied Statistics and Probability For Engineers 6th Edition Montgomery Solutions Manual
CHAPTER 8
Section 8-1
8-1
a) The confidence level for x − 2.14 / n x + 2.14 / n is determined by the value of z0
which is 2.14. From Table III, (2.14) = P(Z < 2.14) = 0.9838 and the confidence level is 2(0.9838-0.5) =
96.76%.
b) The confidence level for x − 2.49 / n x + 2.49 / n is determined by the value of z0
which is 2.14. From Table III, (2.49) = P(Z < 2.49) = 0.9936 and the confidence level is is 2(0.9936-0.5)
= 98.72%.
c) The confidence level for x − 1.85 / n x + 1.85 / n is determined by the by the value of
z0 which is 2.14. From Table III, (1.85) = P(Z < 1.85) = 0.9678 and the confidence level is 93.56%.
d) One-sided confidence interval with 𝑧𝛼 = 2. Therefore, 𝛼 = P(Z > 2) = 0.0228 and confidence = 1 – 𝛼 =
= 0.9772 = 97.72%
e) One-sided confidence interval with 𝑧𝛼 = 1.96. Therefore, 𝛼 = P(Z > 1.96) = 0.0250 and confidence = 1 –
𝛼 = 0.9750 = 97.50%
8-1
Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, 6th edition December 31, 2013
x − z / n x + z / n
1000 − 2.58(20 / 25 ) 1000 + 2.58(20 / 25 )
989.7 1010.3
e) When n is larger, the CI is narrower. The higher the confidence level, the wider the CI.
8-5 a) Sample mean from the first confidence interval = 38.02 + (61.98-38.02)/2 = 50
Sample mean from the second confidence interval = 39.95 + (60.05-39.95)/2 = 50
b) The 95% CI is (38.02, 61.98) and the 90% CI is (39.95, 60.05). The higher the confidence
level, the wider the CI.
8-6 a) Sample mean from the first confidence interval =37.53 + (49.87-37.53)/2 = 43.7
Sample mean from the second confidence interval =35.59 + (51.81-35.59)/2 = 43.7
b) The 99% CI is (35.59, 51.81) and the 95% CI is (37.53, 49.87). The higher the confidence
level, the wider the CI.
8-7 a) Find n for the length of the 95% CI to be 40. Z a/2 = 1.96
1/2 length = (1.96)(20) / n = 20
39.2 = 20 n
2
39.2
n= = 3.84
20
Therefore, n = 4.
8-8 Interval (1): 3124 .9 3215 .7 and Interval (2): 3110 .5 3230 .1
Interval (1): half-length =90.8/2=45.4 and Interval (2): half-length =119.6/2=59.8
a) x1 = 3124 .9 + 45 .4 = 3170 .3
x 2 = 3110 .5 + 59 .8 = 3170 .3 The sample means are the same.
b) Interval (1): 3124 .9 3215 .7 was calculated with 95% confidence because it has a smaller half-
length, and therefore a smaller confidence interval. The 99% confidence level widens the interval.
b) No, that is not the correct interpretation of a confidence interval. The probability that is between 0.49
and 0.82 is either 0 or 1.
c) Yes, this is the correct interpretation of a confidence interval. The upper and lower limits of the
confidence limits are random variables.
8-2
Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, 6th edition December 31, 2013
8-10 95% Two-sided CI on the breaking strength of yarn: where x = 98, = 2 , n=9 and z0.025 = 1.96
x − z 0.025 / n x + z 0.025 / n
98 − 1.96(2) / 9 98 + 1.96(2) / 9
96.7 99.3
8-11 95% Two-sided CI on the true mean yield: where x = 90.480, = 3 , n=5 and z0.025 = 1.96
x − z 0.025 / n x + z 0.025 / n
90.480 − 1.96(3) / 5 90.480 + 1.96(3) / 5
87.85 93.11
8-12 99% Two-sided CI on the diameter cable harness holes: where x =1.5045 , = 0.01 , n=10 and
z0.005 = 2.58
x − z 0.005 / n x + z 0.005 / n
1.5045 − 2.58(0.01) / 10 1.5045 + 2.58(0.01) / 10
1.4963 1.5127
The lower bound of the one-sided confidence interval is greater than the lower bound of the two-sided
interval even though the level of significance is the same. This is because for a one-sided confidence
interval the probability in the left tail () is greater than the probability in the left tail of the two-sided
confidence interval ().
8-14 a) 95% Two-sided CI on the true mean life of a 75-watt light bulb
For = 0.05, z/2 = z0.025 = 1.96, and x = 1014, =25, n=20
x − z 0.025 x + z 0.025
n n
25 25
1014 − 1.96 1014 + 1.96
20 20
1003 1025
8-3
Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, 6th edition December 31, 2013
The lower bound of the one-sided confidence interval is greater than the lower bound of the two-sided
interval even though the level of significance is the same. This is because for a one-sided confidence
interval the probability in the left tail () is greater than the probability in the left tail of the two-sided
confidence interval ().
31.62 31.62
3250 − 1.96 3250 + 1.96
12 12
3232.11 3267.89
8-16 95% Confident that the error of estimating the true mean life of a 75-watt light bulb is less than 5
hours.
For = 0.05, z/2 = z0.025 = 1.96 , and =25 , E=5
z
2 2
1.96(25)
n = a/2 = = 96.04
E 5
Round up to the next integer. Therefore, n = 97
8-17 Set the width to 6 hours with = 25, z0.025 = 1.96 solve for n.
1/2 width = (1.96)(25) / n = 3
49 = 3 n
2
49
n = = 266.78
3
Therefore, n = 267
8-18 99% confidence that the error of estimating the true compressive strength is less than 15 psi
8-4
Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, 6th edition December 31, 2013
8-19 To decrease the length of the CI by one half, the sample size must be increased by 4 times (2 2).
z / 2 / n = 0.5l
Now, to decrease by half, divide both sides by 2.
( z / 2 / n ) / 2 = (l / 2) / 2
( z / 2 / 2 n ) = l / 4
( z / 2 / 22 n ) = l / 4
Therefore, the sample size must be increased by 2 2 = 4
8-20 x − z / 2
If n is doubled in Eq 8-7: x + z / 2
n n
z / 2 z z 1 z / 2
= /2 = /2 =
2n 1.414 n 1.414 n 1.414 n
The interval is reduced by 0.293 or 29.3%
If n is increased by a factor of 4
z / 2 z / 2 z / 2 1 z / 2
= = =
4n 2 n 2 n 2 n
The interval is reduced by 0.5.
c) 95% confidence that the error of estimating the mean temperature for wheat grown is less than 2 degrees
Celsius.
For = 0.05, z/2 = z0.025 = 1.96, and = 0.5, E = 2
8-5
Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, 6th edition December 31, 2013
z
2 2
1.96(0.5)
n = a/2 = = 0.2401
E 2
Round up to the next integer. Therefore n = 1.
d) Set the width to 1.5 degrees Celsius with = 0.5, z0.025 = 1.96 solve for n.
1/2 width = (1.96)(0.5) / n = 0.75
0.98 = 0.75 n
2
0.98
n= = 1.707
0.75
Therefore, n = 2.
x − z / n x + z / n
28.0 − 2.576(2.25 / 12 ) 28.0 + 2.576(2.25 / 12 )
26.33 29.67
b) Width is 2 z / n = 1.25
Therefore z = 1.25n1/2/(2) = 1.25(121/2)/[2(2.25)] = 0.9623
Therefore P(-0.9623 < Z < 0.9623) = 0.664 = 1 – so that the confidence is 66.4%
Section 8-2
8-6
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