ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are writing this to acknowledge the assignment of literature review development

that we have been entrusted with by chair of urban and regional planning we would like
to express our gratitude for this opportunity and assure you that we will perform our duties
to the best of our abilities. We understand the consideration points on extension of an
existing city planning and design. We would also like to take this opportunity to thank for
4th year 1st semester urban design department lecturers for considering us capable of
handling this assignment. we are confident that our previous experience and the past
relevant skills of design will enable us to meet the expectations set forth.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Content page

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 1
Definition of extension of an existing
city planning and design ………………………………………………………….2
Case study ……………………………………………………………………………...2
Approaches to perform city planning…………………………………………………5
Thematic area…………………………………………………………………………..8
Factors need to be considered based on
different thematic areas……………………………………………………………..15
Methodology and Approach in an extension of an existing city planning and
design………………………………………………………………………………….18
Data collection frameworks…………………………………………………………….19
Data collection and analysis method for different thematic areas…………………19
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..20
Reference ………………………………………………………………………………..21
 INTRODUCTION
Extension of an existing city planning is a process of developing a plan to expand an
existing city’s boundaries and infrastructure to accommodate the growing population and
urbanization. The primary objective of city extension planning is to ensure that the city’s
growth is sustainable, equitable, and resilient. It involves identifying suitable locations for
expansion, developing infrastructure, and providing essential services such as water,
sanitation, and transportation with their methodologies and approach according to a
report by UN-Habitat, city extension plans are needed to enable cities to accommodate
the expected urban growth sustainability in the next decades. The report also highlights
those mechanisms for ensuring the orderly extension and densification of existing and
planned neighborhoods are needed for providing a city with a spatial structure that can
support socioeconomic, demography land use, land coverage, street, road, transport
mode, and others as a thematic area.
 Definition for Extension of an existing City planning and Design

Extension of an existing city planning and design refers to the process of expanding an
already established urban area by adding new developments, infrastructure, and
amenities. It involves the careful consideration and integration of various elements, such
as land use, transportation, housing, public spaces, utilities, and environmental factors,
to ensure the sustainable growth and functionality of the city. The extension of a city's
planning and design typically involves conducting comprehensive studies and
assessments to identify areas for expansion, determining the appropriate zoning
regulations and land use patterns, and creating a master plan that outlines the vision for
the extended area. This may include the allocation of land for residential, commercial,
industrial, or recreational purposes, as well as the design of transportation networks,
including roads, public transit systems, and pedestrian-friendly pathways. Additionally, the
extension of a city's planning and design often takes into account environmental
considerations, such as preserving natural resources, minimizing pollution, and
promoting sustainable practices. It may also involve the incorporation of green spaces,
parks, and recreational facilities to enhance the quality of life for residents.

Overall, the extension of an existing city planning and design aims to create a well-
integrated and functional urban environment that meets the needs of its growing
population while maintaining a balance between economic development, social equity,
and environmental sustainability.[1]

Case Study: Barcelona's Urban Extension

Introduction

Barcelona's urban extension showcases successful

city planning and design, focusing on infrastructure
development, land use planning, transportation,
and community engagement.[2]

1
UN-Habitat (2015). city Planning for extension and Design analysis
2
Barcelona: Urban Expansion and the Creation of New Neighborhoods by Anna Ribas Palom and Ignasi Fontanals Albiol.
Background

Barcelona experienced population growth and economic development, leading to

congestion and limited space. An ambitious extension project was undertaken. [3]

Stakeholder Analysis and Community Engagement:

A comprehensive stakeholder analysis identified key actors, and extensive community

engagement initiatives were implemented, ensuring involvement in shaping the extension
plan. [3]

Infrastructure Development and Land Use Planning:

Careful infrastructure development and land use planning aimed to create sustainable
and well-integrated neighborhoods. The extension areas included residential,
commercial, and recreational spaces, emphasizing green areas and public amenities. [3]

Transportation and Mobility:

Barcelona extended its public transit infrastructure, prioritizing pedestrian-friendly streets,

cycling lanes, and efficient public transportation. Integration with the existing network
ensured seamless connectivity. [3]

Sustainability and Environmental Considerations:

Sustainable practices such as energy-efficient buildings and green spaces were

integrated. The extension areas promoted biodiversity, mitigated the urban heat island
effect, and enhanced residents' quality of life. [3]

Implementation and Monitoring:

Close collaboration and robust monitoring mechanisms ensured compliance with

sustainability goals and design guidelines. Adjustments and refinements were made
during the implementation phase.[4]

3 Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City by Jordi Borja and Manuel Castells.

4. Barcelona: Superblocks as a Strategy for Urban Transformation by Salvador Rueda.

 Extension Approaches Applied

1. Compact City Theory: Barcelona aimed for dense and mixed-use development,
creating vibrant and walkable neighborhoods.
2. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD): The extension plan focused on efficient public
transportation networks, reducing reliance on private vehicles.

3. Sustainable Urbanism: Sustainable practices and green spaces were integrated to

create an environmentally friendly urban environment by the city (Barcelona).

4. Participatory Planning: Community engagement ensured the extension plan reflected

the needs and values of the local community.

Conclusion:
Barcelona's extension exemplifies successful city planning by prioritizing stakeholder
engagement, sustainable practices, and efficient infrastructure development.
Comprehensive planning, community involvement, and sustainable strategies contribute
to resilient and thriving cities.
 Approaches to perform city planning

City planning plays a vital role in shaping the development and sustainability of urban
areas. with rapid urbanization and increasing population, effective city planning is crucial
to ensure orderly growth, efficient resource allocation, and improved quality of life for its
citizens.

There are various approaches based on the country /city context and situation. such as

1. Integrated urban planning

2. participatory planning

Participatory planning emphasizes the involvement of local communities in decision-

making processes. This approach recognizes that citizens have valuable knowledge and
insights about their neighborhoods and can
contribute to the planning process.

Case study- Vienna’s Affordable housing

for all. (Self-developed multifamily
housing Originated. The society
participate On the design of their own
multi-Family housing)

3. Sustainable planning
4. TOD (Transit oriented development)

TOD- focuses on creating compact, walkable, and mixed-use communities centered

around public transportation hubs. TOD depends on its 8 rules

❖ Walk

Case study: New York City ‐ Broadway

Boulevard Project. One of New York City’s most
iconic streets used to be heavily congested with
queuing vehicles and many pedestrians forced
onto narrow sidewalks, resulting in an
unpleasant and unsafe working and shopping environment. In May 2009, the City of New
York sought to improve the pedestrian experience of the area and began the Broadway
Boulevard Project, introducing pedestrian zones in a range of locations, including Times
Square, Herald and Greely Squares, and at Madison Square
Park.

❖ Cycle

Case study: Copenhagen ‐ City of Cyclists

•Copenhagen is renowned for its cycling culture. Since
the 1970s, the city has invested heavily in cycle
infrastructure, tailoring roads and transport policy to
cyclists’ nestmate Family housing)

❖ Connect
❖ Transit

Case study

• Hammarby Sjöstad is a redevelopment project in

Southern Stockholm. The site has since been converted
from a run-down industrial area into a modern,
environmentally sustainable, mixed- use district with
good public transit connections

This goal has been achieved by complementing

expansion of the district with transport investments,
including increased bus service, cycle paths, pedestrian
bridges, ferry service and an extension of the tramline.

❖ Mix
❖ Densify
❖ Compact and
❖ Shift.
 5. Smart growth

Smart growth is a means of combating urban sprawl or excessive consumption of land.

Smart growth focus on revitalizing existing urban areas and reducing urban sprawl. Ten

Principles of Smart Growth

✓ Mix land uses

✓ Take advantage of compact building design -Smart growth
encourages communities to determine.
o how and where they want to grow, and
o to incorporate more compact building design as an
alternative to traditional land consumptive
development.
✓ Create a range of housing opportunities and choices
✓ Create walkable neighborhoods
✓ Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place
✓ Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty, and critical environmental areas
✓ Strengthen and direct development towards existing
communities• Smart growth directs development
towards communities already served by
infrastructure; therefore, utilizing the resources of
existing neighborhoods, and preserving open space
and natural resources.
✓ Provide a variety of transportation choices
✓ Make development decisions predictable, fair, and cost effective
✓ Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decision.

6. TND, (Traditional neighborhood design)- Traditional Neighborhood Design

(TND)- Traditional neighborhood design aims to create vibrant, sustainable, and
inclusive communities that promote social interaction and a high quality of life
for its residents.
 THEMATIC AREAS

Socio-economic and Demography

Socio-economic refers to the social and economic conditions and factors that influence
the development and well-being of a community. It includes demographics, income levels,
education, employment, household structure, and other related factors. [6]

Demography, on the other hand, refers to the statistical study of the human population.
It involves analyzing and interpreting various demographic indicators such as population
size, growth rate, age structure, migration patterns, and other relevant data.[6]

Data Collecting methods Data Analysis method

✓ Surveys ✓ Identify the relevant data

✓ Interviews ✓ Organize the data
✓ Focus groups ✓ Visualize the data
✓ Existing data sources ✓ Conduct statistical analysis
✓ Observations ✓ Compare the data
✓ Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ✓ Interpret the findings
✓ Participatory mapping ✓ Communicate the results

Land use - Land use refers to the arrangement and allocation of different types of
activities, developments, and infrastructure within a given area of land in an urban
context. It involves making decisions on the use of land for various purposes such as
residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, and public spaces.[7]

Land cover - Land cover refers to the physical and biological material on the Earth's
surface, including vegetation, water bodies, bare soil, and artificial structures. It describes
the visible characteristics of the land surface as observed from above. Land cover is an
important component of land use and land management, providing insights into the
distribution and composition of different land surface features.

6
Hall, P. (1996). Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design in the Twentieth Century. Oxford, UK:
Blackwell Publishing.
7
Pendall, R., Fang, H., & Shen, Q. (2017). Urban Land Use Planning (Fifth Edition). University of Illinois Press.
Data Collecting method on land use. Data Analyzing method of land use.

✓ Define the scope ✓ Define the objectives

✓ Review existing data ✓ Collect relevant data
✓ Conduct field surveys ✓ Create a base map
✓ Create a land use inventory ✓ Analyze existing land use
✓ Analyze land use patterns patterns
✓ Conduct stakeholder interviews ✓ Conduct suitability analysis
✓ Collect additional data ✓ Assess infrastructure needs
✓ Continuously update data

A street

A street is defined as "a public way whose primary purpose is to provide for the orderly
movement of vehicles and pedestrians, and to provide access and connectivity within
urban areas.[8]

Data Collecting methods on streets or roads. Data Analyzing method for streets or roads.

✓ Define the objective ✓ Define the Objectives

✓ Conduct site visits ✓ Gather Data
✓ Review existing plans ✓ Establish a Baseline
✓ Survey the existing roads ✓ Perform Spatial Analysis
✓ Analyze traffic flow ✓ Conduct Traffic Analysis
✓ Gather demographic data ✓ Consider Pedestrian and Bicycle
✓ Conduct stakeholder interviews Infrastructure
✓ Evaluate Environmental Impact
✓ Consider Land Use Compatibility
✓ Stakeholder Engagement

Physical and social infrastructure

Physical infrastructure

In urban planning and design, physical infrastructure refers to the essential systems and
facilities that enable the functioning of a city or urban area. It encompasses tangible built
environment and utilities. Including transportation networks (such as roads, bridges, and
public transit systems), utilities (such as water supply, sewage systems, and electricity
grids). [8]

In the context of extension of an existing city planning and design, physical infrastructure
refers to the expansion, construction and development of the tangible components that
support the urban area. [9]

It involves the construction and improvement of various systems and facilities to

accommodate the growing needs of the city and its inhabitants. [9]

Social Infrastructure

Definition based on urban planning and design - Social infrastructure in urban planning
and design refers to the physical and organizational structures that support and enhance
social interactions, community engagement, and quality of life in cities. [10]

Definition based on Extension of an existing city planning- In the context of an extension

of an existing city, social infrastructure refers to development, design and create the
physical and organizational structures that support social interactions, community
development, and quality of life in the expanded urban area. [11]

Data collection methods of physical and social infrastructure

✓ Field surveys- direct observation, interview and social participation

✓ Secondary data source
o census data
o Governmental reports
✓ GIS

Analysis methods of physical and social infrastructure

✓ Spatial analysis
✓ Social impact assessment

8
Urban Planning and Design by John M. Levy2
9
Infrastructure Planning Handbook: Planning, Engineering, and Economics" by Alain L.Kornhauser, Joseph Sussman, and
Daniel L. Adler
10
Urban Planning and Design Manual for Ethiopian Cities
11
Urban Infrastructure: Finance and Management by Dilip Kumar
Transport mode and facility

Definition based on urban planning and design - In this context, transport modes refer to
the various means of transportation available, while transport facilities encompass the
infrastructure and services that support these modes. [12]

Definition based on extension of existing city - In this context, transport modes and
facilities refer to enhancing and developing an efficient, sustainable and integrated
transportation system to meet the growing mobility needs of the population. [13]

Data collection methods of transport mode and facilities

✓ Traffic counts – peak hours, transportation modes and traffic flow

✓ Travel survey – gather information on peoples travel choice, behavior and
frequency through Questionaries’ and interview
✓ Public transport data

Analysis method of transportation mode and facilities

✓ Mode share analysis

✓ Accessibility Analysis
✓ Safety Analysis
o analyzing accident data
o identifying high risk location
o assessing factors like road design

Housing and Morphology

Housing

Definition based on urban planning and design - It refers to the provision of residential
spaces and the development of communities within urban areas.

Housing in urban planning encompasses various types of dwellings, such as apartments,

houses, and mixed-use developments, catering to the diverse needs of the population.[14]

12
Urban Transportation Planning: A Decision-Oriented Approach by Kumares C. Sinha and Samuel Labi

13
Urban Transportation Planning: A Decision-Oriented Approach by Kumares C. Sinha and Samuel Labi

14
UN-Habitat. (2015). Housing Policies in Developing Countries: Concepts and Measures.
Definition based on extension of an existing city- Housing in the context of an extension
of an existing city planning and design involves the creation of new residential areas or
the expansion of existing ones.[15]

Morphology

Definition based on urban planning and design - In the context of urban planning and
design, morphology refers to the physical form and structure of cities and urban areas.

It examines the relationship between buildings and public spaces, the scale and density
of development, and the connectivity and accessibility of the urban fabric. [16]

Data collection methods of housing and morphology

✓ Housing surveys- collecting data directly from households

✓ Census data (no of house hold, tenure and housing types)
✓ Site survey
✓ Field Observations and Surveys
✓ Aerial Photography and Satellite Imagery
✓ GIS (Geographic Information System)

Analysis method of housing and morphology

✓ Density Analysis
✓ Typology Analysis
✓ Spatial Analysis
✓ Comparative Analysis

Centrality and market

Centrality in urban planning and design refers to the degree of concentration of activities
and services within a particular area, typically the central core of a city or a designated
urban center. [16]

15
Taylor, N. (1998). Urban planning theory since 1945.

16
Gruen, V., & Smith, J. (Eds.). (2018). The City Reader. Routledge.

17
Lynch, K. (1981). The Image of the City. MIT Press.)
The market in urban planning and design pertains to the allocation and organization of
spaces for commercial activities, particularly the buying and selling of goods and services.
[18]

Data collection method Data analysis methods

✓ Surveys ✓ Geographic Information Systems

✓ Interviews (GIS)
✓ Observations ✓ Census and Demographic Analysis
✓ Data analysis ✓ Economic Analysis
✓ Spatial analysis ✓ Transport and Accessibility
✓ Focus groups Analysis
✓ Case studies ✓ Stakeholder Engagement and
Feedback Analysis
✓ Environmental Analysis
Linkage

Linkage refers to the connections and relationships established between different

elements within an urban area or between different areas. The goal of establishing
linkages is to improve the flow of people, goods, and information within and between
different parts of the city, fostering a sense of cohesion and creating a more integrated
urban fabric. [19]

18
Beatley, T., & Newman, P. (2013). The sustainable urban development reader. Routledge. [Link:
https://www.routledge.com/The-Sustainable-Urban-Development-Reader/Beatley-Newman/p/book/9780415783839

19
Urban Design: Street and Square" by Cliff Moughtin, Taner Oc, and Steven Tiesdell..
Data collection methods Data analysis methods of linkage

✓ Field surveys ✓ Identify the scope and objectives

✓ Satellite imagery and remote sensing ✓ Gather data
✓ Geographic Information System (GIS) ✓ Identify linkages
✓ Surveys and questionnaires ✓ Assess strengths and weaknesses
✓ Historical data analysis ✓ Identify opportunities for extension
✓ Develop strategies and interventions
✓ Stakeholder engagement
✓ Implementation and monitoring

Environment

Environment refers to the natural surroundings, including the climate, flora and fauna,
and geological formations. It also encompasses the built environment, such as
infrastructure and buildings. Understanding the environmental context helps urban
planners and designers determine the appropriate use of land, the impact on ecosystems,
and the overall sustainability of a project.[20]

Topography

Topography refers to the physical features and characteristics of the land surface,
including elevation, slopes, and natural formations such as hills, valleys, and bodies of
water. Topography plays a significant role in the layout of roads, drainage systems, and
the overall spatial organization of urban area. [21]

Landform

Landform refers to the shape or configuration of the land, including hills, valleys, plateaus,
and plains. Landform influences the distribution of land uses within an urban area and
can also impact transportation networks, land grading, and building placement. [22]

20
Urban Planning Theory since 1945" by Nigel Taylor and Robert Gilman.

21
Site Planning and Design Handbook by Thomas Russ.

22
Design of Urban Space: An Inquiry into a Socio-Spatial Process by Ali Madanipour.
Data collection methods for environment, Data analysis of the environment,
topography, and landform can include topography, and landform

✓ LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) ✓ Collect Geographic Information

Surveys System (GIS) data
✓ Aerial Photography ✓ Analyze topography
✓ Satellite Imagery ✓ Assess environmental
✓ Ground Surveys characteristics
✓ Soil Sampling and Analysis ✓ Evaluate land suitability
✓ Climate and Weather Data ✓ Consider natural hazards
✓ Hydrological Surveys ✓ Conduct visual impact assessment
✓ Environmental Impact Assessments ✓ Engage stakeholders and experts
(EIAs) ✓ Continuously monitor and update
data

Factors need to be considered based on different thematic areas.

Based on socio-economic and demographic several factors need to be considered:

✓ Population growth and demographics

✓ Economic development
✓ Infrastructure and transportation
✓ Housing affordability and diversity
✓ Community facilities and services
✓ Environmental considerations
✓ Public participation and engagement

Based on land use several factors need to be considered:

✓ Infrastructure
✓ Zoning and Land Use Regulations
✓ Environmental Impact
✓ Community Engagement
✓ Economic Considerations
✓ Social Equity
✓ Future Growth and Flexibility
Based on the street several factors need to be considered:

✓ Population growth
✓ Infrastructure
✓ Transportation network
✓ Land use planning
✓ Environmental impact
✓ Social and community needs
✓ Economic development
✓ Sustainability and resilience
✓ Stakeholder engagement
✓ Financial feasibility

Based on transportation several factors need to be considered:

✓ Traffic flow and congestion

✓ Public transportation network
✓ Pedestrian and cycling infrastructure.
✓ Integration with existing transport systems
✓ Access to amenities and services
✓ Environmental sustainability
✓ Future growth and expansion
✓ Accessibility and inclusivity
✓ Land use planning
✓ Stakeholder engagement

Based on physical and social infrastructure several factors need to be considered:

✓ Population growth
✓ Transportation network
✓ Social infrastructure
✓ Sustainability
✓ Development Regulations
✓ Environmental factors
✓ Social inclusion
✓ Community engagement
 ✓ Financing and resources

Based on housing and morphology several factors need to be considered:

✓ Demographic Analysis
✓ Infrastructure and Services
✓ Environmental Considerations
✓ Morphology and Urban Design
✓ Social Equity and Inclusion
✓ Economic Viability
✓ Stakeholder Engagement

Based on centrality and market several factors need to be considered:

✓ Demographics and Population Growth

✓ Transportation Infrastructure
✓ Land Use Planning
✓ Market Analysis
✓ Environmental Considerations
✓ Community Amenities and Services
✓ Economic Viability
✓ Public Participation and Stakeholder Engagement
✓ Infrastructure Financing

Based on linkage several factors need to be considered:

✓ Connectivity
✓ Infrastructure
✓ Land Use and Zoning
✓ Social Facilities and Amenities
✓ Economic Considerations
✓ Community Engagement

Based on environment, topography, and landform several factors need to be

considered:

✓ Environmental Sustainability
✓ Topography and Landform
 ✓ Infrastructure Connectivity
✓ Resilience to Natural Hazards
✓ Social and Cultural Considerations
✓ Sustainable Resource Management
✓ Economic Viability
✓ Future Growth and Flexibility

Methodologies in city planning

Methodologies in city planning are specific techniques and processes used to analyze,
design, and implement the extension of an existing city. They provide structured
frameworks for data analysis, stakeholder engagement, decision-making, and project
management. These methodologies guide the planning process and ensure effective
execution of the city extension.

1. Master Planning: Comprehensive planning process that defines long-term goals and
guides development.
Example: Brasília, Brazil, planned as a modern capital city.

2. Zoning and Land Use Regulations: Policies that designate land for specific purposes
and regulate development.
Example: New York City, USA, with its zoning regulations for different types of
neighborhoods.

3. Infrastructure Development: Construction and improvement of physical systems

such as transportation, water, and energy.
Example: Dubai, United Arab Emirates, known for its extensive infrastructure projects.

4. Community Engagement: Involving residents and stakeholders in decision-making

processes.
Example: Vancouver, Canada, known for its strong community engagement practices
in urban planning.

5. Data Analysis and Urban Analytics: Using data to inform decision-making and gain
insights into urban trends.
Example: Songdo International Business District, South Korea, which utilizes data
analysis for efficient resource management.
6. Project Management and Implementation: Ensuring effective execution of plans and
coordination of various stakeholders.
Example: Shanghai, China, known for its successful project management in the
development of the Pudong New Area.

Approaches to the extension of an existing city planning

Approaches to the extension of an existing city planning refer to the strategies guiding the
expansion and development of the city, encompassing considerations such as land use,
infrastructure, sustainability, and community engagement. They provide a framework for
decision-making and shape the overall vision for city growth:

1. Urban Infill: This approach involves identifying vacant or underutilized spaces within
the existing city and developing them. It focuses on maximizing the use of existing
infrastructure and resources.
Example - the city of Portland, Oregon, in the United States, has adopted an urban infill
strategy by revitalizing old industrial areas and converting them into mixed-use
neighborhoods with residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

2. Brownfield Redevelopment: Brownfield sites refer to abandoned or contaminated

areas, often previously used for industrial purposes. Redeveloping these sites can
provide opportunities for city extension.

Example - Dockland’s area in London, United Kingdom. Once a heavily industrialized

zone, it underwent extensive brownfield redevelopment to create a vibrant business
district and residential area.
3.Transit-Oriented Development (TOD): This approach involves focusing on
development around existing or planned public transportation infrastructure, such as
railways or bus routes. TOD encourages compact, mixed-use development to promote
walkability and reduce dependence on private vehicles.

Example - Curitiba, Brazil, which implemented a successful TOD strategy by expanding

its rapid bus transit system and concentrating development along transit corridors.
4. Greenfield Development: Greenfield development refers to the creation of new urban
areas on previously undeveloped land. This approach can involve annexing adjacent rural
land and developing it into an extension of the existing city.
Example -Songdo International Business District in Incheon, South Korea, was
developed as a greenfield project to accommodate the city's growth and attract
international businesses.
5. Satellite Cities: Satellite cities are independent urban areas built near an existing city
to alleviate population pressure and provide additional amenities and services. They are
connected to the main city through transportation networks.
Example - Navi Mumbai, India, which was planned as a satellite city to accommodate
the overflow population from Mumbai and provide a well-planned and organized urban
environment.
6. Urban Regeneration: Urban regeneration focuses on revitalizing declining or
neglected urban areas within the existing city. It involves redevelopment, infrastructure
improvements, and social interventions to enhance the quality of life and attract
investment.
Example -High Line in New York City, USA. This elevated railway track was repurposed
into a linear park, which spurred the revitalization of the surrounding neighborhood.
 Data Collection Frameworks

When it comes to collecting data for the extension of an existing city planning and
design, several frameworks and methodologies can be utilized. Here are some
commonly used data collection frameworks:

Surveys and questionnaires are a common method to collect data from residents,
businesses, and stakeholders. They can be conducted through online platforms, phone
interviews, or in-person interactions. Surveys can gather information on various aspects,
such as transportation needs, housing preferences, community satisfaction, and desired
amenities.

Interviews and focus groups involve engaging with individuals or small groups to gather
qualitative data. This approach allows for in-depth exploration of specific topics related to
the city extension. Key stakeholders, community leaders, and experts can be interviewed
to gain insights into their perspectives, concerns, and ideas.
Observational data collection involves directly observing the existing city and
documenting relevant information. This can include documenting land use patterns,
infrastructure conditions, traffic flow, public spaces, and social dynamics. Observations
can be conducted through site visits, aerial surveys, or the use of remote sensing
technologies.

Data Analysis and Mapping: Existing data sources, such as census data, transportation
data, environmental data, and economic indicators can be analyzed to understand the
current state of the city and identify areas for improvement. Geographic Information
System (GIS) mapping can be used to visualize and analyze spatial data, helping to
identify patterns and inform decision-making.

Participatory Mapping and Citizen Science: Engaging the community in data collection
can provide valuable insights and foster a sense of ownership. Citizen science initiatives
can also be employed to involve residents in collecting data on specific aspects, such as
air quality or noise pollution.
 SUMMARY
The extension of an existing planning involves expanding and improving urban areas to
accommodate population growth and changing needs. The approach to extension
planning includes conducting an initial assessment, engaging the community, setting
clear goals, collecting and analyzing data, planning land use and infrastructure,
considering sustainability, implementing effectively, and fostering collaboration. Factors
considered in extension planning include environmental considerations, infrastructure
development, socioeconomic and demographic factors, housing, economic development,
community development, social factors, legal and regulatory aspects, and physical and
social infrastructure. Effective extension planning requires collaboration, data-driven
decision-making, social inclusivity, economic vitality, environmental sustainability, and
resilience. A holistic and integrated approach can create livable and vibrant urban
environments that meet present and future needs.
 CONCLUSION

The extension of an existing city's planning and design is a crucial process that involves
careful consideration and integration of various elements to ensure sustainable growth
and functionality. By expanding urban areas through the addition of new developments,
infrastructure, and amenities, cities can accommodate their growing populations while
maintaining a balance between economic development, social equity, and environmental
sustainability. The case study of Barcelona's urban extension demonstrates the success
of stakeholder engagement, sustainable practices, and efficient infrastructure
development in creating a well-integrated and vibrant urban environment. Additionally, the
methodologies and approaches discussed, such as urban infill, brownfield
redevelopment, transit-oriented development, greenfield development, and satellite
cities, provide valuable frameworks for effective city planning and design. By prioritizing
comprehensive planning, community involvement, and sustainable strategies, cities can
create resilient and thriving urban spaces that enhance the quality of life for their
residents.
 APPENDIX

List of Terms

• Existing city - city or urban area that already exists and has been developed to
some extent.
• Extension of an existing city – the expansion or growth of an existing city
beyond its current boundaries
• Approach - the overall strategy or methodology used to achieve a specific goal
or objective.
• Methodology – the specific set of methods, techniques, and procedures applied
for research, analysis, or problem-solving.
• Method - the specific technique or procedure used to accomplish a particular
task or objective.
• Thematic area- a specific domain or subject of focus within a larger context.
• Urban Infill - a specific domain or subject of focus within a larger context.
• Brownfield Redevelopment - the process of revitalizing and redeveloping
abandoned or underutilized properties, often contaminated industrial or
commercial sites, for new uses
• Urban Regeneration - the comprehensive improvement and revitalization of
urban areas through physical, economic, and social interventions.
• TOD - abbreviation for Transit-Oriented Development
• Transit-Oriented Development - the process of revitalizing and redeveloping
abandoned or underutilized properties, often contaminated industrial or
commercial sites, for new uses
• Master Planning - a comprehensive and strategic approach to urban planning
that guides the long-term development and growth of a city or region.
• Aerial Photography - the practice of capturing photographs of the Earth's
surface from an elevated position using cameras mounted on aircraft, drones, or
satellites.
• TND - abbreviation for Traditional neighborhood design
• Traditional neighborhood design - the planning and design principles that
promote walkability, mixed land uses, varied housing types, and a sense of
community.
• Smart growth - an urban planning and development approach that seeks to
create sustainable, compact, and well-designed communities.
• Satellite Cities - self-contained urban areas that are located outside of and
function as independent entities from a nearby core city.
• Conventional sub division lots are spread evenly throughout a
parcel with little regard for natural features.
• Conservational sub division - a conservational sub-division refers to a planned
residential or mixed-use development that prioritizes the preservation, protection,
and enhancement of natural ecosystems.
 REFERENCE
1
UN-Habitat (2015). city Planning for extension and Design analysis
2
Barcelona: Urban Expansion and the Creation of New Neighborhoods by Anna Ribas Palom and Ignasi Fontanals Albiol.
3
Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City by Jordi Borja and Manuel Castells.
4
Barcelona: Superblocks as a Strategy for Urban Transformation by Salvador Rueda.
5
Hall, P. (1996). Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design in the Twentieth Century. Oxford,
UK: Blackwell Publishing.
6
Pendall, R., Fang, H., & Shen, Q. (2017). Urban Land Use Planning (Fifth Edition). University of Illinois Press.
7
Urban Planning and Design by John M. Levy2
8
Infrastructure Planning Handbook: Planning, Engineering, and Economics" by Alain L.Kornhauser, Joseph Sussman, and
Daniel L. Adler
9
Urban Planning and Design Manual for Ethiopian Cities
10
Urban Infrastructure: Finance and Management by Dilip Kumar
11
Urban Transportation Planning: A Decision-Oriented Approach by Kumares C. Sinha and Samuel Labi
12
Urban Transportation Planning: A Decision-Oriented Approach by Kumares C. Sinha and Samuel Labi
13
UN-Habitat. (2015). Housing Policies in Developing Countries: Concepts and Measures.
14
Taylor, N. (1998). Urban planning theory since 1945.
15
Gruen, V., & Smith, J. (Eds.). (2018). The City Reader. Routledge.
16
Lynch, K. (1981). The Image of the City. MIT Press.)
17
Beatley, T., & Newman, P. (2013). The sustainable urban development reader. Routledge. [Link:
https://www.routledge.com/The-Sustainable-Urban-Development-Reader/Beatley-Newman/p/book/9780415783839
18 Urban Design: Street and Square" by Cliff Moughtin, Taner Oc, and Steven Tiesdell..
19
Urban Planning Theory since 1945" by Nigel Taylor and Robert Gilman.
20
Site Planning and Design Handbook by Thomas Russ.
21
Design of Urban Space: An Inquiry into a Socio-Spatial Process by Ali Madanipour.