Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Misconceptions of People towards

Non-Governmental Organizations Aid to
Internally Displaced Persons in Gonidamgari
Bolori 2 Ward of Maiduguri Metropolitan
Council of Borno State, Nigeria
Abdulrahman Ahmed (1), RN, Salamatu. Ajid RN, (2),Harun Abdullahi Adam RN, (3) Fatima Abacha Ali, (4)
Cordelia.A. Dingari, RM (5)
(1,2,) University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital School of Nursing, Borno State, Nigeria.
(3) Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, Maradi, Republic of Niger.
(4,5) National Open University of Nigeria.

Abstract:- Let it be no doubt or fear of contradictions encouraged to understand the aim and objectives of the
that the northeast Nigeria has faced one the worlds project to be implemented by the NGOs. There should be
devastating terror by the non-state armed group called inclusivity of the community members with regards to
Boko-Haram. For more than a decade, Boko-Haram the NGOs project planning and implementation. The
crises have subjected the population in the region into field of Humanitarian crises and responds should be
acute humanitarian crises. The crises instigated internal included in nursing curriculum as nurses are very
displacement of people with resultant escalating important stakeholders in Emergency management and
humanitarian needs. The non-governmental crises response in the humanitarian sector. The study can
organization (NGOs) both national and international set help clarify and correct any misconceptions residents
to respond to these ever-increasing needs among these may have about the role and intentions of NGOs. This
vulnerable populations. This study was explored to can lead to a better understanding of the assistance
investigate and find out the Misconceptions of people provided and foster trust between the community and
towards the non-governmental organizations aids to aid organizations. By addressing misconceptions, the
these internally displaced persons, the knowledge of the study can contribute to building a collaborative
people towards NGOs, and the consequences of relationship between the residents and NGOs. Increased
misconceptions of people towards the NGO respectively. trust may lead to more effective cooperation in
The research is a non-experimental descriptive survey addressing the needs of the internally displaced persons.
design. It was conducted in Gonidangari Bolori 2 of As the study identifies and dispels misconceptions,
Maiduguri metropolitan council of Borno State, community members may be more likely to actively
northeast Nigeria. The target population of the study participate in programs and initiatives implemented by
area was 3,000 according to 2006 Nigerian National NGOs. This increased engagement can enhance the
Population Census. The sample size was 353 obtained impact of aid efforts. Understanding specific
using Taro Yamane’s formula. The instruments for data misconceptions can inform NGOs about the unique
were a self-constructed questionnaire which was challenges faced by the community. This knowledge can
administered using research assistants. The data were lead to the development of more targeted and culturally
obtained manually, analyzed, and presented using tables, sensitive interventions to address the residents' needs
frequencies, and percentages. The results of the study effectively. By addressing misconceptions, the study can
revealed that (45.04%) were aware of the functions of contribute to empowering the community. When
NGOs. (54.95%) have no knowledge of the NGOs’ residents have accurate information about aid efforts,
functions. (72.23%) agreed that NGOs operate double they may feel more in control of their situation and be
standard activities i.e., NGOs have hidden motive and better positioned to advocate for their needs. The study
agenda apart from giving aids. (42.49%) mentioned that can guide NGOs in refining their communication
food assistance was supplied to the internally displaced strategies to better convey their mission, goals, and the
persons and as well as the insurgents. (58.64%) opined nature of their assistance. This can lead to more effective
that the Nigerian government can shoulder the needs of outreach and engagement with the community.
the victims affected by the crisis. Despite the assistance Addressing misconceptions contributes to building trust
given by the NGOs, Majority of the respondents and credibility for NGOs. A positive perception of aid
(80.02%) holds that if the NGOs remain in the state, organizations can lead to better reception and
insurgency will not come to an end. The study acceptance of their services by the community. Insights
recommends that the NGOs should consider awareness from the study can inform NGOs about the specific
raising on their activities and functions as part of the needs and concerns of the community, allowing them to
project in Gonidamgari Bolori 2 Maiduguri Borno State adapt and tailor their programs accordingly. This
Nigeria. People within the community should be ensures that aid efforts are responsive to the realities on

IJISRT23DEC650 www.ijisrt.com 1468

Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
the ground. If there are misunderstandings or conflicts United Nations, Borno State has one of the highest
between NGOs and the community, the study's findings concentrations of IDPs in Africa, with over 1.8 million
can pave the way for conflict resolution. Open dialogue people displaced. (Babagana, 2016).
and understanding can help build stronger partnerships.
As misconceptions are addressed, NGOs can operate in NGOs have played a crucial role in responding to the
an environment of mutual trust and cooperation, leading humanitarian needs arising from the Boko Haram crisis in
to increased effectiveness in delivering aid and support Borno State. These organizations operate independently of
to internally displaced persons. In a nutshell, a study on the government and focus on providing essential services,
misconceptions towards NGOs aiding internally including food, water, healthcare, education, and shelter, to
displaced persons in Gonidamgari, Bolori 2 ward, can the affected populations. NGOs often work in partnership
contribute to building positive relationships, fostering with international organizations, local authorities, and
community empowerment, and enhancing the overall community-based groups to deliver aid effectively. NGOs
effectiveness of humanitarian efforts in the region. have been instrumental in establishing and managing IDP
camps, where displaced individuals seek shelter and access
Keywords:- Boko-Haram, Non-governmental Organizations, to necessities. These organizations work tirelessly to
Misconceptions, Community, Borno State. alleviate the suffering of IDPs and provide support in the
form of emergency relief, livelihood programs, psychosocial
I. INTRODUCTION support, and long-term development initiatives. Their
presence and activities are essential in addressing the
The plight of internally displaced persons (IDPs) is a immediate and long-term needs of the displaced population.
critical issue in conflict-ridden regions, and Borno State in (Kashidrema et.al, 2010).
northeast Nigeria is no exception. The persistent insurgency
by the Boko Haram terrorist group has led to a mass Despite the significant efforts of NGOs, challenges
displacement of individuals who have been forced to seek persist in delivering aid to IDPs in Borno State. These
refuge in IDP camps. In this challenging environment, non- challenges include access constraints due to ongoing
governmental organizations (NGOs) have stepped up to violence, inadequate funding, security concerns, logistical
provide aid, support, and relief to the affected populations. difficulties, and, as this research focuses on, misconceptions
However, despite their efforts, misconceptions and and misunderstandings held by the local population towards
misunderstandings held by the local population can hinder NGOs' aid to IDPs. Addressing these challenges and
the effective delivery of aid and impede the assistance misconceptions is crucial for improving the effectiveness of
reaching those who need it most. In the world today, several humanitarian interventions and ensuring that assistance
nations were regarded as disaster ridden. Boko-Haram as a reaches those in need. The Boko Haram crisis in Borno State
terrorist group is one of the deadliest forms of insurgence has had devastating consequences, including widespread
group with pandimentional and dynamic modus operandi. violence, displacement, and a severe humanitarian crisis.
Borno State, located in northeastern Nigeria, has been NGOs have played a critical role in responding to the needs
plagued by the persistent and devastating insurgency led by of IDPs, providing essential services and support. However,
the extremist group Boko Haram since 2009. The Boko challenges, including misconceptions, hinder effective aid
Haram crisis has had far-reaching consequences, including delivery. Understanding and addressing these
widespread violence, displacement, and a severe misconceptions are essential for enhancing collaboration
humanitarian crisis. The conflict has resulted in the loss of between NGOs and the local community, ultimately
thousands of lives, extensive destruction of infrastructure, improving the assistance provided to internally displaced
and the displacement of millions of people from their persons in Borno State. (Farouq, 2015).
homes.(Babagana, 2015).
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) have been an issue
Boko Haram, officially known as Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna of national and international concern since the 1980s. It
Lidda'awati wal-Jihad, which translates to "People attracted more attention in the 1990s especially at the
Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings introduction of the Guiding Principles on Internal
and Jihad," was founded in the early 2000s by Mohammed Displacement into the United Nations Commission on
Yusuf. Initially, the group aimed to establish a strict Human Rights in 1998 (Cohen, 2004; Stepputat & Sorensen,
interpretation of Islamic law (Sharia) in Nigeria's 2001). IDPs are people who flee their homes because of
predominantly Muslim regions, including Borno State. The conflicts, communal clashes, war situations, terrorist’s
insurgency gained momentum in 2009 when Boko Haram activities, systematic violation of human right, natural
clashed with Nigerian security forces. The group's initial disaster, etc. and are further exposed to risk, within their
attacks targeted police stations, government buildings, and own country (Tajudeen & Adebayo, 2013; Daudu, 2010;
security personnel. Over time, their tactics evolved, and they Stepputat & Sorensen, 2001). In the view of Ibeanu (1998),
began targeting civilians, schools, places of worship, and IDPs are people who involuntarily migrate, because the
public spaces, resulting in numerous casualties and continue stay in their homes have become intolerable as a
widespread fear among the population. The conflict in result of the failure of the state to protect their lives. To
Borno State has led to a severe humanitarian crisis, with protect their lives, IDPs trek to long distant places where
millions of people affected. The violence and displacement they assume to be safe with little or no hope of getting
have resulted in food insecurity, malnutrition, inadequate succour(Galadima & Aluaigba, 2015). This implies that
healthcare, and limited access to education. According to the IDPs are physically vulnerable and exposed to further

IJISRT23DEC650 www.ijisrt.com 1469

Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
attacks and violence within their own country since the state support, the fight against Boko Haram has recorded huge
cannot protect them or guarantee their security. (Ashimi, success (Blanchard, 2014). They IDPs men in most cases,
2012). pay the ultimate price as they take their fate into their own
hands. They have lost their joy and means of livelihood as
The plights of the IDPs are perceived to be worse men.
compared to other Moving and Vulnerable people (MVPs)
because they are not recognized legally and internationally II. RESEARCH METHODS
in terms of the legislature (Mapiko & Chinyoka, 2013).
Thus, they are neglected both within and outside the shores A. Research Design
of their country. In terms of origin, the majority of the IDPs Non-experimental descriptive survey design was used to
are from the NortheasternNigeria, with as much as 75% of investigate the misconception of people towards Non-
them coming from Borno state and more than 9% coming Governmental Organization Aids to internally displaced
from Adamawa and Yobe states (IOM report, 2015). persons in Gonidangari Bolori 2 Ward of Maiduguri
Metropolitan Council of Borno, Nigeria.
One dimension to the impact is the vast majority of the
IDPs that were displaced because of Boko Haram activities. B. Study Setting.
According to IOM DTM report (2015), out of 2,151, 979 The area of the study was Gonidamgari Bolori 2 ward of
IDPs identified as of December 2015, 84.5% were displaced Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State. The study
because of Boko Haram activities, while about 12.9% and was carried out from October to November 2017.
2.6% were displaced as a result of communal clashes and Gonidamgari Bolori 2 ward was named after an Islamic
natural disaster respectively (p. 3). Another dimension to the Scholar “Imam Baba Goni Damga’’ who first settled in the
impact of Boko Haram activities on IDPs is the frequent area in 1948. Gonidangari is in the north-West Maiduguri
attacks and bombings right inside the IDPs camps. For the capital of Borno State. It is close to Bulabulin Alajeri
example, according to Marama, a female suicide bomber from the north, Ummarari settlement from the west, Old
recently had her way into the IDPs camps killing 8 and Maiduguri at the east and Maiduguri Railway Terminus
injuring about 7 (2015). This clearly suggests that there is a from the south. Gonidangari was occupied by both Muslims
negative and significant causal relationship between Boko and Christians, although Muslims were the dominant. There
Haram activities and the plights of IDPs. (United Nations were about 25 Community heads called ‘’Bulama”. The
Office of High Commissioner for refuge, UNHCR, 2014). most dominant residents of Gonidangari were Kanuri by
tribe. Other tribes include Babur, Shuwa, Margi and Hausa
There are gender and age disparities in the plights of Fulani. They were mostly businessmen and women. Some
the IDPs, with women and children under 18 constituting a certain number of the people in the area were civil servant
higher percentage of the displaced people than men. For whereas others were students. The area has public
example, the IOM DTM survey results indicate that out of elementary school and Junior secondary school called
20738 IDP households included, 51.8% of the IDPs are universal basic education. The residents live happily and
female while 48.2% are male. The results further indicate share values and norms prescribed in their various cultures.
that 55.7% of the IDPs are children below 18 years, and
more than half of them are within 0 – 5 years age bracket C. Target Population.
(2015, p. 2). Because women and children under 18 are The target population of the study was all the residents
more displaced than men, they bear more burdens of the of Gonidamgari Bolori 2 Maiduguri Borno State who are
effects and are exposed to further risks even as displaced 3,000.
people. According to UNFPA report, some of the IDPs
women and girls are victims of sexual abuses; and are D. Sample and Sampling Technique.
infected by various sexually transmitted diseases including Simple random sampling technique was used for the
HIV, with some of them being pregnant for Boko Haram study. This is where every member of the population has
insurgents (2015). For more than one year, many IDPs equal chance of being selected as part of the sample.
children have been out of school and fear going to back
E. Instruments for Data Collection.
school, because of the terror they experienced while in
A self-administered Questionnaire (SAQ) adapted
school (Galadima & Aluaigba, 2015). Thus, women and
from(Saljaba, 2015) were used as instrument for data
children are more vulnerable to the activities of Boko Haram collection with focused on the respondents’
than the men.
sociodemographic characteristics in section A of the
IDPs Fathers and brothers mostly have been killed by questionnaire, knowledge of people towards NGOs section
the insurgents as infidels or by the Nigerian security forces B, aids given by the NGOs section C and section D
as suspected members of the Boko Haram sect (Galadima & composed of the consequences of the Misconception of
Aluaigba, 2015; Walker, 2012). Some of the IDPs men have people towards NGO aids respectively. The SAQ were then
watched their household violated, maimed, abducted, or given to the respondents to fill and returned within 3 days.
kidnapped, and could not help it (Galadima & Aluaigba, The administration of these questionnaires was done with
2015). Most of them have been depressed, because the help of 2 research assistants. Finally, 353 questionnaires
apparently, they can no longer protect and cater for their were issued, and the same number was retrieved 100%
families. Some of the IDPs men have joined the “civilian responses obtained for the respondents.
JTF” to help fight Boko Haram, and with their brave

IJISRT23DEC650 www.ijisrt.com 1470

Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
F. Data Analysis Procedures. G. Ethical Consideration.
Data were collected, analyzed, and presented in Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of
tables,frequency, and percentages. Statistician was involved Maiduguri Teaching Hospital School of Nursing. This was
and the frequencies, tables and percentages wereadvised to given in the form of a letter of introduction to be
be used to describe demographic characteristics as well as to administered to the Community Heads of Gonidamgari
investigate on the misconceptions of people towards non- Bolori 2 for approval. The rights and privacy of participants
governmental organizations aid to internally displaced were protected. All respondents participated in this study
persons (IDPs). based upon confidential and voluntary participation.
Informed consents have been obtained from all participants
in this study. Moreover, the study protocol, informed
consent form, and questionnaire were reviewed and
approved by the ethical and research committee to guarantee
the respondents rights and interests.
III. RESULTS

Table 1: Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents (n=353)

S/N OPTIONS VARIABLES FREQUENCY PRECENTAGE
1 AGE 18-20 49 3.8%
21-25 34 9.6%
26-30 90 25.4%
31-<35 180 50.9%
TOTAL 353 100%
2 GENDER MALE 206 58.4%
FEMALE 147 41.6%
3 LEVEL OF EDUCATION PRIMARY 240 67.6%
SECONDARY 90 25.4%
TERTIARY 23 7%
TOTAL 353 100%
4 RELIGION CHRISTIANITY 33 9.3%
ISLAM 320 90.65%
OTHERS NIL NIL
TOTAL 353 100%
5 TRIBE KANURI 199 56.37%
BABUR 25 7.08%
SHUWA 9 2.54%
MARGI 60 16.99%
HAUSA 57 16.14%
OTHER 3 0.84%
TOTAL 353 100%
6 OCCUPATION CIVIL SERVANT 10 2.83%
STUDENTS 43 12.18%
FARMERS 300 84.98%
OTHERS NIL NIL
TOTAL 353 100%

Table 1. present the socio-demographic data or the tertiary level of education. Majority of the respondents
characteristics of the respondents. The data was obtained practice Islam as religion (320/353) 90.65% and (33/353)
from the various age groups. Most of the respondents 9.3%practice Christianity.
(180/353) accounting for 50.9% fall between the ages of 31-
<35brackets. While 90/353 (25.4%) are between the age Majority of the respondents were Kanuri by tribe
average of 26-30. For 49/353 accounting for (3.8%) of the (199/252) 56.37%. furthermore, (57/353) 16.14% were
respondents. Moreover, the data above revealed that 34/353 Hauwa by tribe. Total of (25/353) 7.08% were Babur tribe.
(9.6%) of respondents were at the age of 21-25 years The above table also revealed that (9/353) were Shuwa Arab
respectively. From the table above the results shows that by tribe. Other tribes have the total of (3/353) 0.84%.
majority of respondents 206/353 (58.4%) were males. And additionally the table above shows that majority of the
147/353 (41.6%) were females. Majority of the respondents respondents were farmers (300/353) 84.98%.A total of
240/353 (67.6%) have attended elementary school level of (43/353) 12.18% were students and (10/353) 2.83% of the
education.Total of 90/353 (25.4%) have attended secondary respondents were civil servant respectively.
school level of education whereas 23/353 (7.0%) have had

IJISRT23DEC650 www.ijisrt.com 1471

Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Table 3: The knowledge of people towards NGOs (n=353)
S/N OPTIONS VARIABLES FREQUENCY PERCEPTAGES
1. ARE YOU AWARE OF THE YES 159 45.04%
FUNCTIONS OF NGO? YES 194 54.95%
TOTAL 353 100%

2 IF YES, WHAT IS THE HEALTHCARE

SOURCE OF PROFESSIONALS 4 1.1%
INFORMATION? HOSPITAL/SEMINARS 6 1.6%
FRIENDS 190 53.8%
FAMILIY MEMBERS 153 43.3%
MEDIA NIL NIL
OTHERS NIL NIL
TOTAL 353 100%
3 DO NGOs GIVES OUT YES 153 56.6%
THEIR AID WITH BIAS? NO 200 43.34%
TOTAL 353 100%

4 IF YES, WHAT KIND OF GENDER 54 15.29%

BIAS AGE 199 56.37%
RELIGION 100 28.32%
OTHERS NIL NIL
TOTAL NIL NIL

Table 2 presents the knowledge of people towards the Majority of the respondents (200/353) 56.6% did not agree
NGOs. Majority of the respondents were aware of the NGOs that NGOs render their services with bias. Whereasa total of
functions (194/353) 54.95%. A total of (159/353) of the (153/353) 43.32% agreed that NGOs render their services
respondents 45.04% were not aware of the NGOs functions. with bias. Majority of the respondents (199/353) 56.37%
Majority of respondents (190/353) 53.8% know the indicated that NGOs shown bias in age group when
functions of the NGOs through friends. Furthermore, 43.3% rendering services. While (100/353) 28.32% of the
(153/353) of the respondents knew the functions of NGOs respondents indicated that NGOs shows bias based religion.
through family members. A total of (4/353) 1.1% know the A total of (54/353) 15.29% of respondents have indicated
function of the NGOs through healthcare professionals. bias and preferences of services rendering based on gender
(6/353) 1.6% of the respondents get to know the NGOs of beneficiaries.
functions through hospitals and seminars respectively.

Table 3: Misconceptions of People towards NGOs.

S/S OPTIONS VARIABLES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1. ARE THE NGOS YES 255 72.23%
OPERATING NO 98 27.76%
DOUBLE
STANDARD
ACTIVITIES?
TOTAL 353 100%
2 IF YES,  Food are supplied to victims likewise insurgency 150 42.4%
IDENFITY  These terrorist grow and never become extinct
THESE DOUBLE  Despite attack to all many sector, NGOs are not 15 4.2%
STANDARD attack.
PRACTICE  NGOS are to humanitarian aids, hence the 50 14.1%
terrorist is also assisted. 100 28.3%
 NGOS benefited when ever blood shed occurs
same as the terrorist. 20 5.6%
 NGOs were empowered by the Nigerian Money
looters to instigate disharmony among people. 15 4.2%
 The insurgents suffered period of hunger and
1 0.2%
relieved by the NGOs.
 Despite the huge number of NGOS the suffering of
the victims have not reduce.
3 0.8%
TOTAL 353 100%

IJISRT23DEC650 www.ijisrt.com 1472

Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
3 DO YOU BELIEF YES 300 84.9%
THAT THE NGOS NO 53 15.1%
HAVE
RELATIONSHIP
WITH THE
TERRORIST?
TOTAL 353 100%
4 DO YOU BELIEF YES 194 56.4%
THAT THE ACT F NO 154 43.6%
TERRORISMS
WILL NOT COME
TO AN END
UNTIL THE
NGOS LEAVE
THE COUNTRY?
TOTAL 353 100%

Table 3 present the misconceptions of people toward was relieved by the NGOs. 0.84% says that despite the
the NGOS. Majority of the respondents (255/353) 72.23% number of NGOs were many and starving was on the
agreed that the NGOS operated double standard activities. increased. From the table above in exploring the relationship
Whereas (98/353) of the respondents did not agree that the of the NGOS with terrorist, majority of the respondents
NGOS operated double standard activities. In investigating agreed that the NGOs have relationship with the terrorist
if yes of the operating double standard activities, majority of organization. 15.01% did not agreed. 55.3% of the
the respondents (150/353) 42.4% identified that food items respondents believed that the act terrorism will not come to
were supplied to the victims affected by Boko-Haram as and end until the NGOS leave the country. 43.63% of the
well as the insurgents (Boko-Haram). 4.24% of the respondent did not agree to that. 41.07% viewed that the
respondents says that these terrorists developed and grows NGOs are less important since they help the terrorist group.
and never become extinct. 14.16% says despites the attack 56.56% viewed that the NGOS should be told not to help the
on the various sectors, the NGOs were not attacked in any insurgents. 1.13% viewed that the federal government
way. 28.32% identified that the NGOS benefited when the should be informed of the NGOS functions and activities.
insurgents lunched attack. 4.42% of the respondents agreed 1.13% said that the NGOS promotes and contributes to the
that the NGOs were employed by the Nigerian money success of the insurgents hence they should be banned from
looters to instigates disharmony. 0.28% of the respondents all operations.
identified that the insurgents suffered time of hunger and

Table 4: Consequences of Misconceptions of People towards NGOs Aids. (n=353).

S/N OPTIONS VARIABLES FREQUNECY PERCENTAGE
1 CAN NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT YES 207 58.6%
ALONE SHOULER THE NEEDS OF NO 146 41.4%
THE PEOPLE AFFECTED BY
INSURGENCY?
TOTAL 353 100%
2 DO YOU COLLECT RELIEF YES 211 59.8%
MATERIALS FROM THE NGOS? NO 142 40.2
TOTAL 353 100%
3 IF YES, WHICH OF THE MONEY 80 22.7%
FOLLOWING ITEMS WERE FOOD ITEMS 180 50.9%
SUPPLIED BY THE NGOS? ANIMALS 15 4.2%
CLOTHINGS NIL NIL
TENT 50 14.1%
TOILET FACILITIES 28 7.9%
TOTAL 353 100%

Table 4 present the data collected on the consequences assisted with food items, 4.24% were given Nonfood items
of the misconceptions towards the NGO aids. 58.64% like clothing as relief materials, 14.16% were being given
agreed that the Nigerian government can shoulder the need other nonfood items Infection prevention items for latrines
of the victims affected by insurgency. 41.35% did not agree (Toilets) and constructs toilets to them respectively. 99.9%
that Nigerian government can shoulder the need of the of the respondents used the relief items given to them
victims. 59.77% did collected relief materials from the respective.
NGOS, 40.22% did not collect relief materials from the
NGOs. 22.66% were assisted with Cash relief, 50.99% were

IJISRT23DEC650 www.ijisrt.com 1473

Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IV. DISCUSSIONS OF FINDINGS communities differently based on factors such as
geography, socio-economic status, and cultural practices.
The result of this study indicates that most of the By overlooking these nuances, NGOs may fail to deliver
respondents are within the age of 31-<35 years (50.9%) appropriate relief measures, leaving community
most of whom are males206(58.4%)and have attended members without the support they require. For instance,
elementary school level of education 240 (67.6%). These a relief program that fails to consider the specific health
findings established the dominance of those with elementary challenges or cultural sensitivities of the community may
school level of education in the study area. The findings not effectively address the immediate needs and long-
indicates that majority of the respondents have no term recovery efforts. This can exacerbate suffering,
knowledge of NGO functions 194 (54.95%) while 159 hinder rehabilitation, and undermine the overall
(45.04%) have knowledge of NGOs functions. This in effectiveness of the NGO's intervention.
essence implies that most of the respondents have no
knowledge of the NGOs functions. In investigating the Cultural sensitivity is paramount when working in
sources of knowledge of the NGO functions among the disaster-ridden locations. NGOs that lack awareness and
respondents, 190 (53.83%) have the knowledge of NGO sensitivity towards local customs, traditions, and beliefs
function through friends whereas 153 (43.34%) knew the risk inadvertently offending or alienating community
knowledge of NGO functions from family members. The members. Such insensitivity can result in a breakdown of
result shows that, majority of the respondents were aware of trust and cooperation, hindering the NGO's ability to
the NGOs functions through friends. By this finding, there is effectively engage with the community and implement
limited awareness raising by the NGOs to the people on sustainable solutions. Additionally, cultural insensitivity
their functions.More so, there will be lots of horns and cons can lead to the imposition of foreign values and
related to NGO functions among the people as thethere are practices, further eroding the community's sense of
less avenues for elaborate explanations to the people. This ownership and self-determination in the recovery
finding was in concurrence with that of Saljaba, et.al that process.
majority of leaving in community where NGOs operate
don’t carry the community members along from project NGOs have a responsibility to empower
initiations, assessment, planning, Implementation, communities in their recovery journey. However, the
Monitoring and evaluation and closure. Based on this, the lack of awareness of the unique strengths, skills, and
NGOs did not adopt and appreciate culture of inclusion, capacities within a community can undermine
where communities of implementation have saying in the empowerment efforts. By overlooking the potential for
project design mainly for their benefits. Communication and community engagement and participation, NGOs
awareness creations by the NGOs to the people is very key inadvertently reinforce dependency instead of fostering
as the people’s understanding on the project matters. self-reliance. This can perpetuate a cycle of aid
dependence, disempowerment, and long-term
Natural and man-made disasters strike without vulnerability among community members, hindering
warning, causing immense devastation and upheaval in their ability to build resilience for future disasters. NGOs
affected areas. In such challenging times, Non- that neglect to build awareness among community
Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role members regarding disaster preparedness, risk reduction,
in providing humanitarian aid, support, and relief to and sustainable practices create a significant gap in long-
affected communities. However, when NGOs lack term sustainability. Sustainable development requires the
awareness of the needs, culture, and dynamics of the active involvement and ownership of the community.
communities they serve, it can result in dire Without awareness and education on disaster
consequences for both the NGOs themselves and the management, climate change adaptation, and sustainable
community members they aim to assist. One of the livelihoods, community members may remain ill-
primary consequences of NGOs' lack of awareness is the equipped to respond effectively to future challenges.
inefficient allocation of resources. Without a thorough Consequently, the long-term impact of the NGO's
understanding of the specific needs and priorities of the intervention may be severely limited, hindering the
affected community, NGOs may allocate resources community's ability to recover, adapt, and thrive
improperly or disproportionately. This misalignment can independently.
lead to critical resources being wasted or misused,
resulting in a lack of essential supplies reaching those NGOs play a critical role in supporting disaster-
who need them most urgently. Moreover, communities ridden communities, but their effectiveness hinges on
may have distinct cultural, religious, or dietary their awareness and understanding of the unique needs,
requirements that must be considered for effective dynamics, and aspirations of the communities they serve.
resource allocation. Failing to recognize and address Failure to develop this awareness can result in inefficient
these unique needs can result in frustration, discontent, resource allocation, inadequate relief measures, cultural
and a loss of trust between NGOs and community insensitivity, diminished community empowerment, and
members. long-term sustainability challenges. To ensure impactful
interventions, NGOs must prioritize community
The lack of awareness by NGOs regarding the local engagement, cultural sensitivity, and capacity-building
context and community dynamics can result in efforts. By fostering awareness and empowering
inadequate relief measures. Disasters impact community members, NGOs can pave the way for more

IJISRT23DEC650 www.ijisrt.com 1474

Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
resilient and sustainable recoveries in disaster-ridden have less or no idea of how NGOs function and the
locations. principles backing the NGOs’ activities. People greatly
misconceived NGOs from different angles of views in terms
On the misconceptions of people to the NGOs aid to of operations. The implications of these studies to nursing
internally displaced in the study area. (72.23%) 255of the are that Misconceptions can affect both perceptions and
respondents agreed that NGOs operate double standard nursing professionals and the delivery of healthcare
activities whereas (27.76%) 98 of the respondents did not services. Misconceptions about NGOs may erode trust in
agree that the NGOs operate double standard activities. This healthcare providers, including nurses. When people hold
implies thatmost of the respondents agreed with are of the misconceptions about the motives or competence of NGOs,
view that the NGOs operate double standard activities in the they may extend those perceptions to healthcare
study area. In identifying the aspects or areas NGOs professionals working with these organizations. This can
possessed double standard activities. (42.4%) 150 lead to a lack of trust in nurses, making it challenging to
respondents agreed that NGOs were double standard as they establish effective therapeutic relationships and collaborate
supplied food to the victims affected by Boko-Haram and as on patient care. Building trust is crucial in nursing, as it
well as the Insurgents group (Boko-Haram). 100 of the influences patients' willingness to share important health
respondents (28.3%) went further to agreed that since NGOs information and adhere to treatment plans. Misconceptions
are for humanity, therefore, they still assisted the Boko- about NGOs can affect access to healthcare services. If
Haram. 4.2% of the respondents accounting for 15 out of people perceive NGOs as inefficient or unreliable, they may
353 agreed that due to the assistance by the NGOs the Boko- be hesitant to seek care or follow through with
Haram expanded and never became extinct. 5.6% of the recommended treatments. This can result in delayed or
respondents agreed that the NGOs benefited from the inadequate healthcare utilization, leading to worsened health
insurgency and more especially when blood was shed outcomes. Nurses working in NGOs may encounter
occurred. Another 4.2% of the respondents (15) and agreed difficulties in reaching out to communities and delivering
that NGOs were empowered by the Nigerian money looters essential healthcare services, exacerbating health disparities,
in order to instigate disharmony among people. 0.2% of the and preventing early interventions.
respondents opined that the Boko-Haram Insurgents
sufferedperiod of hunger which was relief by the NGOs. Misconceptions about NGOs may also impact the
0.8% of the respondents believed that despite the number of perception of cultural sensitivity and respect in nursing
NGOs within the community, the sufferings of people did practice. NGOs often work in diverse communities with
not reduce. This connotes that most of the respondents agree different cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and practices.
that the NGOs do operate double standard as they supply the Misunderstandings about NGOs may give rise to concerns
victims affected by Boko-Haram and the Boko-Haram that healthcare providers, including nurses, do not respect or
themselves. understand local cultures and traditions. Consequently, this
can hinder effective communication, adherence to treatment
Furthermore, 84.9% of the respondents (300)believed plans, and patient satisfaction. Nurses must be sensitive to
that the NGOs have relationship with the insurgents’ group the cultural context of the communities they serve to ensure
(Boko-Haram).Whereas 15.1% (53) of the respondents did patient-centered care. Perceptions of NGOs can influence
not agree. In exploring the investigations whether terrorisms the recruitment and retention of nurses in underserved
will come to and end in the country, 56.4% of the communities. If NGOs are perceived negatively or
respondents agreed that terrorism will come to and end in inaccurately, nurses may be reluctant to join or remain in
the country. 43.6% of respondents do not agree that organizations that are associated with those misconceptions.
terrorism will come to an end in the country. This shows This can lead to a shortage of nursing professionals in areas
that most of respondents’ belief that Boko-Haram will come that need their expertise the most, further exacerbating
to and end in the country. 41.1% of the respondents were of healthcare disparities. Addressing misconceptions and
the view that the NGOs aid were less important since they promoting a positive image of NGOs is essential to attract
also assist the terrorist group (Boko-Haram). 56.6% of the and retain competent nursing staff in community-based
respondents believed the NGOs should be warned to healthcare settings.
deceased from assisting Boko-Haram. 1.1% of the
respondents agreed that the federal government of Nigeria Misconceptions about NGOs may hinder collaborative
should be informed of the double standard functions of the efforts between nurses and NGOs. Nurses often work
NGOS. 1.1% of the respondents viewed that the NGOs closely with NGOs to deliver healthcare services and
contributed to the success of the Boko-Haram Insurgency address community health needs. However, if
hence the NGOs should be banned from the operation in the misconceptions prevail, it can create barriers to effective
study area. collaboration. Lack of understanding and trust between
nursing professionals and NGOs may result in fragmented
V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION healthcare delivery, duplication of efforts, and inefficient use
of resources. Building mutual understanding and fostering
The findings of this study discovered that a sizeable collaboration between nurses and NGOs are crucial for
number of people in Gonidamgari Bolori 2 ward of improving healthcare outcomes and community well-being.
Maiduguri Metropolitan council of Borno State have Misconceptions about NGOs in the community can have
insufficient knowledge of NGOs functions and their modus significant implications for nursing professionals and the
operandi. It was also deduced from these studies that people delivery of healthcare services. Addressing these

IJISRT23DEC650 www.ijisrt.com 1475

Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
misconceptions is vital to ensure trust, access to healthcare, knowledge and skills in delivering culturally sensitive
cultural sensitivity, recruitment and retention of nurses, and healthcare.
effective collaboration between nurses and NGOs. By
promoting accurate information, fostering understanding, Furthermore, advocacy and public relations is also very
and engaging in community education, nurses can play a crucial in the overcoming misconceptions towards NGOs
crucial role in dispelling misconceptions and facilitating aid to internally displaced persons in Gonidamgari Bolori 2,
positive relationships between communities and NGOs, engaging in advocacy efforts to raise awareness about the
ultimately improving healthcare outcomes for all.Therefore, positive contributions of NGOs and nursing professionals in
the following recommendations are madearound community the community. This can involve collaborating with local
education and awareness, it will be very important to media, organizing public events, and showcasing success
conduct community education programs to provide accurate stories to challenge misconceptions. And finally, developing
information about NGOs, their roles, and the services they public relations campaigns that highlight the collaborative
provide. This can be done through community meetings, efforts between NGOs and nursing professionals,
workshops, and awareness campaigns. Collaborate with emphasizing the positive impact on community health and
local leaders, community organizations, and healthcare well-being.
professionals to deliver educational sessions that address
misconceptions and provide insights into the positive impact By implementing these recommendations,
of NGOs in healthcare delivery. misconceptions surrounding NGOs in Gonidamgari Bolori 2
community can be addressed, leading to improved
These misconceptions can be eliminated through understanding, trust, and collaboration between NGOs,
transparent communications. the establishment of nursing professionals, and the community. This will
transparent communication channels between NGOs, ultimately contribute to more effective healthcare delivery
nursing professionals, and the community will be beneficial and better health outcomes for all community members.
in this regard. This can be achieved through regular
community meetings, open forums, and the use of local TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
media outlets to disseminate information. More So, Abdulrahman Ahmed, Salamatu Ajid, Harun
Utilizations of various communication methods, including Abdullahi Adam,Fatima Abacha Ali, Cordelia.A.
social media, websites, and newsletters, to share success Dingari. Misconceptions of people towards Non-
stories, testimonials, and the outcomes of NGO governmental Organizations Aid to Internally Displaced
interventions in the community. Persons in Gonidamgari Bolori 2 ward of Maiduguri
Moreover, Cultural Sensitivity and Community Metropolitan Council of Borno State, Nigeria.
Involvement is another avenue to employ in dealing with REFERENCES
misconceptions in Gonidamgari Bolori 2 of Maiduguri
Metropolitan Council of Borno state. It is important to [1]. United nations Office for the coordination of
Prioritize cultural sensitivity in nursing practice and NGO Humanitarian Affairs; memo of humanitarian aid
interventions. Encourage nurses and NGOs to actively intervention and strategies; 2017.
engage with the community, respect local customs and [2]. Kashidrema L., Modu. A., Usman. Aji, Humanitarian
traditions, and involve community members in the planning Sphere standards and operationalGuidelines inAfrica
and implementation of healthcare programs. Seeking for for the 21st century. Open Journal of Nursing, 2012.2:
input from community members residing at Gonidamgari p. 226-230.2010.
Bolori 2 and to understand their specific needs, preferences, [3]. Saljaba Haruna, Structured questionnaire on the
and concerns. This will help tailor healthcare services to the perception of People towards humanitarian aid and
community's cultural context and increase acceptance and Transient from Emergency to developmental projects;
participation. For visible and impactful intervention, the 2015.
NGO interventions should be visible and measurable within [4]. Babagana Umar Ngulde, handbook of sphere and
the community. This can be achieved by regularly intervening the huge need for Food security and
evaluating and documenting the outcomes of healthcare livelihood.2015.
programs, highlighting improvements in health indicators, [5]. Farouq Abba pamphlet of disaster response and
and sharing success stories. Engage community members as humanitarian aid planning; 2015
partners in the evaluation process, seeking their input and [6]. Ashimi Alhaji Kawu, notes; on the northeast Nigerian
feedback to ensure that interventions are meeting their needs strategies for aid aids and intervention 2012.
effectively. Another area is the professional development [7]. United nations International Immigration (IOM)
and training, provide professional development Internally displaced persons matrix for populations and
opportunities and training programs for nursing displacement round 30rv: 2016.
professionals working in NGOs. This should include [8]. Galadima & Aluaigba, background and overview of
cultural competency training, effective communication internally displaced humanitarian need assessment
skills, and community engagement strategies. Foster a 2015.
supportive environment that encourages continuous learning [9]. Blanchard Stephen, Overview of assessment of deep
and provides resources for nurses to enhance their field needs for DPs camps cross northeastNigeria’s:
2014.

IJISRT23DEC650 www.ijisrt.com 1476