Flash Cards
Flash Cards
Flash Cards
ANTIARRHYTHMICS
Some Block Potassium Channels
Medical Uses
Lidocaine:
blocks Na channel to prolong the action potential and slow the HR.
Atenolol:
Beta 1 block er that causes the heart to beat slower and less forefully
Sotolol, amiodorone:
Prolongs refractory period of action potential.
Diltiazem:
Prevents calcium infux into cardiac cells to inhibt cardiac contractions.
Digoxin:
slows AV node.
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BLOOD PRESSURE
REDUCTION
Vasodilators
Nitroprusside
Sildenafil
Pimobendan
Hydralazine
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ACE INHIBITORS
End in -pril
angiotensin I
ACE
angiotensin II
aldosterone
Na+ retention,
increased
blood volume
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ARB
End in -sartan
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Displace angiotensin II from the receptor to cause:
• Vasodilation
• increase Na+,fluid loss, decrease K+ loss
• Very effective at reducing protein loss thru kidneys
angiotensin I
ACE
angiotensin II
(-)
ARB
aldosterone
ARBs cause low
Na+ and elev K+,
vasodilation
in kidney
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ALPHA BLOCKERS
End in: -osin, -ine
Non-selective alpha blockers
Phenoxybenzamine
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DIURETICS
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Supraventricular arrhythmias
SVT (Supraventricular tachycardia)
Atrial Fibrillation
Ventricular Arrhythmias
Junctional escape beats arise from a high ventricular location
V Tach
Left and Right BBB
VPC’s: monomorphic, (all look the same, so they come from the same
hyper-exciteable focus in the ventricle) polymorphic (VPC’s are differently
shaped, meaning they come from different locations in the ventricle= more
sinister arrhythmia) fusion, bigeminy, trigeminy.
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ECG Interpretation
Six basic questions to help with
electrocardiogram interpretation:
• What is the heart rate (slow, normal,
fast)?
• What is the rhythm (regular, regularly
irregular, irregular)?
• Is there a QRS complex for every P
wave?
• Is there a P wave for every QRS
complex?
• Are they consistently and reasonably
related?
• What is the morphology of the QRS
complex
• (narrow and upright = supraventricular
• or wide and bizarre= ventricular)?
Heart Conduction
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