December 13, 2011

TRANSMISSION CONSTRUCTION STANDARD TCS-Q-113.05, Rev. 0

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE

2.0 CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS

3.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS

3.1 Company Standards

3.2 Saudi Building Code
3.3 Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO)
3.4 American Concrete Institute (ACI)
3.5 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
3.6 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
3.7 International Building Code (IBC)

4.0 MATERIALS

4.1 Concrete Masonry Units

4.2 Reinforcing Steel
4.3 Ties and Anchors
4.4 Mortar and Grout
4.5 Miscellaneous Masonry Accessories
4.6 Masonry Cleaners

5.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

5.1 General
5.2 Loadings
5.3 Load Combinations
5.4 Allowable Stresses
5.5 Axial Compression and Flexure
5.6 Shear for Flexural Members

6.0 EXECUTION

6.1 Examination
6.2 Preparation
6.3 Installation
6.4 Placing mortar and Units
6.5 Reinforcement Installation
6.6 Anchoring Masonry to Structural Members
6.7 Anchoring Single –Wythe Masonry Veneer
6.8 Movement (Control and Expansion) Joints

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6.9 Lintels
6.10 Installation and Grouting of Reinforced Masonry Units
6.11 Repairing, Pointing, and Cleaning
6.12 Curing

7.0 PROJECT / SITE CONDITIONS

8.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE

9.0 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

10.0 SUBMITTALS

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TRANSMISSION CONSTRUCTION STANDARD TCS-Q-113.05, Rev. 0

1.0 SCOPE

This Transmission Construction Standard (TCS) stipulates various considerations to be

adopted in the design and construction of reinforced masonry units for the use in substation
buildings and other building facilities in Transmission System of Saudi Electricity Company
(SEC), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

This standard covers the materials, design criteria, execution, project site conditions, quality
assurance, delivery, storage and handling, and submittals.

2.0 CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS

2.1 Any conflict between this Standard and other applicable Saudi Electricity Company
(SEC) Standards, Industry Standards, Codes, and forms shall be resolved in writing
by the COMPANY Representative.

2.2 Any request to deviate from this Standard shall be directed to the Manager,
Transmission Standards and Specifications Department.

3.0 STANDARD REFERENCES

The latest revisions/amendments of the following Codes, Standards and Specifications are
intended as guidance in providing an acceptable level of quality of materials and practice. In
case of conflict between these Standards and the text of this Standard, the latter shall govern.

3.1 Company Standards

70-TMSS-03 Normal Weight of Concrete

TCS-Q-113.02 Earthworks

TCS-Q-113.03 Cast in Place Concrete

TES-P-119.19 Substation Building and Site Development

3.2 Saudi Building Code

3.3 Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO)

SSA 2 Steel Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete

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3.4 American Concrete Institute (ACI)

ACI 315 Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement

ACI 318 Building Code Requirments for Structural Concrete

ACI 530 Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry

Structures

ACI 216.R Guide for Determining the fire Endurance of Concrete Elements

3.5 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM A 36 Specification for Structural Steel

ASTM A 82 Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A 123 Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron

and Steel Products

ASTM A 129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry Units

ASTM A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel
Hardware

ASTM A 116 Specification for Metallic-Coated, Steel-Woven Wire Fence

Fabric

ASTM A 185 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain for
Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A 307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60000psi
Tensile Strength

ASTM A 366 Specification for Steel Carbon, Cold-Rolled Sheet,

Commercial Quality

ASTM A 496 Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed for Concrete

Reinforcement

ASTM A 497 Specification for Welded Wire Fabric, Deformed, for

Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A 525 Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet Zinc
Coated (Galvanized) by hot dip process

ASTM A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts

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ASTM A 615 Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for
Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM C 90 Specification for Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units

ASTM C 140 Method of sampling and testing Concrete Masonry Units

ASTM C 144 Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar

ASTM C 150 Specification for Portland Cement

ASTM C 207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes

ASTM C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry

ASTM C 404 Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout

ASTM C 780 Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of

Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry

ASTM C 979 Specification for Pigments for Integral Colored Concrete

ASTM C 1019 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Grout

ASTM D 226 Specification for Asphalt Saturated Organic Felt Used in

Roofing and Waterproofing

ASTM D 1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials-Sponge or

Expanded Rubber

ASTM D 2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive

Application

ASTM E 119 Methods for Fire Tests of Building construction Materials

ASTM E 447 Methods of Compressive Strength of Masonry Prisms

3.6 American Society of Civil Engineers

ASCE/SEI 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

3.7 International Building Code (IBC)

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4.0 MATERIALS

4.1 Concrete Masonry Units

4.1.1 Non-load bearing concrete masonry units shall conform to ASTM C129,
Type II.

4.1.2 Load bearing concrete masonry units shall conform to ASTM C90.

4.1.3 Provide special shapes where indicated and as follows:

a. For lintels, corners, jambs, sash, control joints, headers, bonding and
other special conditions.

b. Bullnose units for outside corners where indicated.

c. Square edge units for outside corners, except where indicated as

bullnose.

4.2 Reinforcing Steel

4.2.1 Vertical reinforcement shall conform to SASO SSA-2 with a yield stress of
420MPa. Deformation shall be as per ASTM A615 M. The minimum size of
vertical reinforcement shall be 12mm diameter, spaced no more than 800mm
on centers (O.C).

4.2.2 Horizontal reinforcement shall be a ladder or truss type, pre-fabricated from

steel conforming to ASTM A82 and galvanized in accordance with ASTM
A116, Class 1 or 3 or ASTM A153. The minimum horizontal reinforcement
shall be 3.65mm (9 gauge).

4.2.3 Pre-fabricated truss type welded-wire units with uniform continuous side
rods and diagonal rods, spaced no more than 400mm on center (O.C.) or
alternate layer of masonry into straight lengths of not less than 3000mm, with
prefabricated corner and tee units.

4.2.4 At the interface of concrete elements (beams, columns) and CMU walls
expanded metal lath and dovetail anchors shall be provided. Expanded metal
lath, all other masory and plastering accessories shall be galvanized steel.

4.2.5 The minimum lap slices for reinforcing bars in tension or compression, ld,
shall be ld = 0.04*db*Fy but not less than 300mm, in no case shall be length
of the lapped splice be less than 40 bar diameter. Where db is diameter of
reinforcement and Fy is the specified yeild strength in reinforcement, in MPa.

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4.3 Ties and Anchors

4.3.1 Tie Wire shall conform to ASTM A82, minimum size of tie wire shall be 16
gauges.

4.3.2 Hot dip galvanized to comply with ASTM A123 and ASTM A153 as
applicable.

4.3.3 Tie any added rebar with wire ties shall be cut back so that no metal is within
25mm of the surface when the concrete is exposed to view.

4.3.4 Bent Wire Ties

Individual units prefabricated from bent wire to comply with the

requirements below:

a. Tie shape for hallow masonry units laid with cells vertical-rectangular
with closed ends and not less than 100mm wide.

b. Tie shape for solid masonry unit construction, Z shape ties with ends
bent 90 degrees to provide hooks not less than 50mm long.

4.3.5 Adjustable Anchors for Concreting Masonry to Structural Framework

Provide assemblies as described below allowing vertical horizontal

differential movement between wall and framework parallel to plane wall,
but resisting tension and compression force perpendicular to it:

a. For anchorage to concrete framework, provide manufacturer's

standard with dovetail anchor section formed from sheet metal and
triangular-shaped wire tie section sized to extend within 25 mm of
masonry face and wire diameter 5mm.

b. For anchorage to concrete framework, provide manufacture's standard

anchors with crimped 6mm diameter wire anchor section for welding
to steel and triangular-shaped wire tie section sized to extend within
25mm of masonry face.

4.3.6 Rigid Anchors

Provide straps fabricated from metal strips with 40mm wide by 6mm thick,
unless otherwise noted.

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4.3.7 Miscellaneous Anchors

a. Unit Type Masonry Inserts in Concrete

Cast iron or malleable iron inserts of type and size indicated.

b. Dovetail Slots

Furnish dovetail slots, with filler strips, of slot size indicated,

fabricated from 1.21mm (18-gauge) sheet metal, galvanized to
comply with ASTM A153.

c. Anchor Bolts

Steel bolts complying with ASTM A307, Grade A; with ASTM A563
hex nuts and, where indicated, flat washers; hot-dip galvanized to
comply with ASTM A153, Class C; of diameter, length and type
indicated on the drawings.

4.4 Mortar and Grout

4.4.1 Mortar shall conform to ASTM C270, Type M. and shall have a minimum
compressive strength of 17MPa at twenty-eight (28) days.

Portland cement : ASTM C150, Type V

Lime : ASTM C207, Type S
Sand : ASTM C144
Proportions by volume parts sand : 1 part cement ¼ part lime and 3 to 3¾
parts sand

4.4.2 Masonry Grout shall conform to ASTM C476 and shall have the minimum
compressive strength of 21MPa at twenty-eight (28) days.

Portland cement : ASTM C150, Type V

Lime : ASTM C207, Type S
Aggregate : ASTM C404, maximum coarse aggregate size
shall be 9.5mm
Slump : not less than 200mm

4.5 Miscellaneous Masonry Accessories

4.5.1 Nonmetallic Expansion Joint Strips

Pre-molded neoprene filler strips complying with ASTM D1056, Type 2

(closed cell), class A (cellular rubber like materials with specific resistance to
petroleum base oils), Grade 1 (compressive-deflection range of 14 to 35kPa,
compressible up to 35 percent and thickness indicated.

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4.5.2 Preformed Control Joint Gasket

Styrene-butadiene rubber compound ASTM D2000, designation 2AA/805,

designed to for standard sash block and to maintain lateral stability in
masonry wall, size and configuration as indicated.

4.5.3 Bond Breaker Strip

Asphalt-saturated organic roofing felt complying with ASTM D226.

4.5.4 Weep Holes

Medium-density round plastic polyethylene tubing, 10mm outside diameter

and 100mm long.

4.6 Masonry Cleaners

4.6.1 Job-Mixed Detergent Solution

Solution of trisodium phosphate 120ml and laundry detergent 120ml dry

dissolved in 3.78L of water.

4.6.2 Job-Mixed Solution

Solution of 1 part muriatic acid and 10 parts clean water, mixed in a

nonmetallic container with acid added to water.

4.6.3 Proprietary Acidic Cleaner

This shall have strength as required by the Manufacturer, and shall be used as
general purpose cleaner designed for removing mortar/grout stains,
efflorescence, and other new construction stains from new masonry surfaces
of type indicated below. This shall not cause discoloring or damage masonry
surfaces, and shall be specifically approved for intended use by manufacturer
of masonry units being cleaned:

a. For masonry not subject to metallic oxidation stains, use formulation

consisting of a concentrated blend of surface-acting acids, chelating,
and wetting agents.

b. For dark colored masonry not subject to metallic oxidation stains, use
formulation consisting of a liquid blend of surface-acting acids and
special inhibitors.

c. For masonry subject to metallic oxidation stains, use formulation

consisting of a liquid blend of organic and inorganic acids and special
inhibitors.

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5.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

5.1 General

5.1.1 Masonry shall be designed to resist applicable loads. A continuous load path
or paths, with adequate strength and stiffness, shall be provided to transfer
forces from the point of application to the final point of resistance.

5.1.2 Masonry wall design shall be in accordance with Building Code

Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures (ACI 530).

5.1.3 The load bearing walls shall be designed as reinforced masonry. The
minimum vertical reinforcement shall be 12mm diameter and spacing shall
not be more than 800mm O.C.

5.1.4 Vertical Reinforcement shall be provided at each side openings and at

corners. In addition, horizontal masonry beams or lintels shall be provided to
distribute concentrated loads at the roof and above and below opening.

5.1.5 A strip of one-meter in length will be assumed in the analysis and design and
all forces per linear meter basis.

5.1.6 Masonry walls shall not be designed to resist interconnecting forces and to
accommodate calculated deflections.

5.1.7 The wall will be assumed pinned at top and bottom.

5.2 Loadings

5.2.1 Design loads shall be in accordance with the legally adopted building code of
which this Standard forms a part, with such live load reductions as are
permitted in the legally adopted building code. In the absence of design loads
in the legally adopted building code, the load provisions of ASCE 7 shall be
used, except as noted in this Standard.

5.2.2 Seismic design requirements shall be in accordance with Building Code

Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures (ACI 530), and
parameters based on KACST seismic zone category on various regions of
Saudi Arabia. Moreover, Importance factor (I) of 1.25 shall be adopted in the
design.

5.2.3 The design of wind load shall be in accordance with ASCE 7 with a basic
wind speed of 150km/hr and exposure C category. Moreover, Importance
factor (I) of 1.25 shall be considered in the calculation on wind load.

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5.3 Load Combinations

5.3.1 The masonry wall shall be designed to resist the most restrictive of the
following combination of loads:

(a) D
(b) D+L
(c) D + L + (W or E)
(d) D+W
(e) 0.9D + E

Where: D – Dead load L – Live load

E – Earthquake load W – Wind load

5.3.2 The allowable stresses and allowable loads are permitted to be increased by
one-third when considering load combinations (c), (d) or (e).

5.4 Allowable Stresses

5.4.1 Steel Reinforcement:

a. The allowable tensile stress shall not exceed 0.4Fy for Grade 60
Reinforcement.

b. The compressive resistance of steel reinforcement shall be neglected

unless lateral reinforcement is provided in compliance with the
requirements of ACI 530. The compressive stress in reinforcement
shall not exceed 0.4Fy for Grade 60 reinforcement.

5.5 Axial Compression and Flexure

5.5.1 Members subjected to axial compression and flexure, shall satisfy the
following, given by Building Code Requirements and Specification for
Masonry Structures (ACI 530). The compresive stress in masonry due to
flexure or due to flexure in combination with axial load shall not exceed Fb
provided that the calculated compressive stress due to axial load component,
fa, does not exceed the allowable stress Fa.

For members having an H/r not greater than 99:

Equation 1

For members having an H/r greater than 99:

Equation 2

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Allowable Compressive Stress due to Flexure only:

Equation 3

5.5.2 Members subject to combined axial compression and flexure shall be

designed to satisfy the following:

Equation 4

5.5.3 Axial Tension and Flexure Tension shall be resisted entirely by steel
reinforcement.

5.6 Shear for Flexural Members

5.6.1 Where shear reinforcement is provided to resist all the calculated shear, the
calculated shear stress, fv, shall not exceed Fv , where Fv is determined as
follows:

but shall not exceed 1034kPa (150psi) Equation 5

5.6.2 Where reinforcement is not provided to resist all of the calculated shear, fv,
shall not exceed Fv , where Fv is determined as follows:

but shall not exceed 345kPa (50psi) Equation 6

5.6.3 The calculated shear stress in the masonry shall be determined by the
relationship:

Equation 7

Where:
Fa - allowable compressive stress available to resist axial load only, MPa
fa - calculated compressive stress in masonry due to axial load only, MPa
Fb - allowable compressive stress available to resist flexure only, MPa
fb - calculated compressive stress in masonry due to flexure only, MPa
fm - specified compressive strength of masonry, MPa
Fy – specified yield strength of reinforcing steel, MPa
H - effective height of column, wall, or pilaster in, mm
r - radius of gyration, mm
Fv - allowable shear stress in masonry, MPa
fv - calculated shear stress in masonry, MPa
V - shear force, N
b - width of section, mm
d - distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension
reinforcement, effective depth, mm

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6.0. EXECUTION

6.1 Examination

6.1.1 Examine conditions for compliance with requirements for installation

tolerances and other specific conditions, and other conditions affecting
performance of concrete masonry unit.

6.1.2 Examine rough-in and built-in construction to verify actual locations of

piping connections prior to installation.

6.1.3 Do not proceed until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

6.2 Preparation

6.2.1 Clean all reinforcement by removing mud, oil, or other materials that will
adversely affect or reduce bond at the time mortar or grout is placed.
Reinforcement with rust and/or mill scale will be accepted, provided the
dimensions and weights, including heights of deformations, are not less than
required by the ASTM specification covering this reinforcement in this
Specification.

6.2.2 Prior to placing masonry, remove laitance, loose aggregate, and anything
else, that would prevent mortar from bonding to the foundation.

6.2.3 Do not wet concrete masonry prior to installation, unless otherwise indicated.

6.3 Installation

6.3.1 General

a. Build masonry construction to the full thickness shown, using units of

nominal thickness indicated.

b. Leave openings for equipment to be installed before completion of

masonry. After installation of equipment, complete masonry to match
construction immediately adjacent to the opening.

c. Cut masonry units with motor-driven saws to provide clean, sharp,

un-chipped edges. Cut units as required to provide continuous pattern
and to fit adjoining construction. Use full-size units without cutting
where possible.

d. Match coursing, bonding, color, and texture of new masonry with

existing masonry.

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6.3.2 Masonry Erection

a. Lay out walls in advance for accurate spacing of surface bond

patterns with uniform joint widths and for accurately locating
openings, movement-type joints, returns, and offsets. Avoid the use of
less-than-half-size units at corners, jambs, and where possible at other
locations.

b. Erect walls to comply with specified construction tolerances, with

courses accurately spaced and coordinated with other construction.

c. Lay all exposed masonry in one-half running bond with vertical joint
in each course centered on units in courses above and below, do not
use units with less than nominal 100mm horizontal face dimensions at
corners or jambs.

d. Lay all concealed masonry with all units in running bond or bonded
by lapping not less than 50mm. Bond and interlock each course at
corners. Do not use units with less than nominal 100mm horizontal
face dimensions at corners or jambs.

e. In each course, rack back 1/2-unit length; do not tooth. Clean exposed
surfaces of set masonry, and remove loose masonry units and mortar
prior to laying fresh masonry.

f. As construction progresses, build in items specified under this and

other sections of the Specifications. Fill in solidly with masonry
around built-in items.

1. Fill space between hollow metal frames and masonry solidly

with mortar, unless otherwise indicated.

2. Where built-in items are to be embedded in cores of hollow

masonry units, place a layer of metal lath in the joint below
and rod mortar or grout into core.

3. Fill cores in hollow concrete masonry units with grout 3

courses under bearing plates, beams, lintels, posts, and similar
items, or as otherwise indicated on the contract drawings.

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6.4 Placing Mortar and Units

6.4.1 Hollow concrete units:

a. Face shells of bed joints fully mortared.

b. Webs are fully mortared in all courses of piers, columns, and

pilasters, in the starting course on foundations, when necessary to
confine grout or loose-fill insulation, and when otherwise required.

c. For starting course on footings where cells are not grouted, spread out
full mortar bed including areas under cells.

6.4.2 Cut joints flush for masonry walls to be concealed or to be covered by other
materials, unless otherwise indicated.

6.5. Reinforcement Installation

6.5.1 Place reinforcement in accordance with the sizes, types, and locations
indicated on the contract drawings. Horizontal reinforcement may be placed
as the masonry work progresses.

6.5.2 Reinforcement shall be secured against displacement prior to grouting by

wire positioners or other suitable devices such as wire tying, at intervals not
exceeding 400mm.

6.5.3 Tolerances

Placement of reinforcement in walls and flexural elements

When the distance from the centerline of steel to the
+12mm
opposite face of masonry, d, is equal to 200 mm or less
For d equal to 600 mm or less but greater than 200 mm +25mm
For d greater than 600 mm +32mm
For longitudinal location of reinforcement + 50mm

6.5.4 Clearance between reinforcing steel and the surface of the masonry shall be
not less 6mm for fine grout and 12mm for coarse grout.

6.5.5 Do not bend reinforcement after it is embedded in grout or mortar, unless

directed by the SEC representative.

6.5.6 When a vertical dowel does not line up with the vertical core, it shall not be
sloped more than one horizontal in six vertical. Dowels shall be grouted onto
a core in vertical alignment, even though it is adjacent cell to the vertical wall
reinforcing.
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6.5.7 Reinforcing steel shall lap minimum 300mm. Lapped splice bars shall be
wire-tied together for the entire length of the splice.

6.5.8 Horizontal Joint Reinforcement

Provide continuous horizontal joint reinforcement as indicated. Install

longitudinal side rods in mortar for their entire length with a minimum cover
of 16mm on exterior side of walls, 12mm elsewhere. Lap splicing shall be
not less than 300mm.

a. Cut or interrupt joint reinforcement at control and expansion joints,

unless otherwise indicated for structural considerations.

b. Provide continuity at corners and wall intersections by use of

prefabricated "L" and "T" sections. Cut and bend reinforcement units
as directed by manufacturer for continuity at returns, offsets, column
fireproofing, pipe enclosures, and other special conditions.

6.6 Anchoring Masonry to Structural Members

Anchor masonry to structural members where masonry abuts or faces structural

members to comply with the following:

6.6.1 Provide an open space not less than 25mm in width between masonry and
structural member, unless otherwise indicated. Keep open space free of
mortar or other rigid materials.

6.6.2 Anchor masonry to structural members with flexible anchors embedded in

masonry joints and attached to structure.

6.6.3 Space anchors as indicated, but not more than 600mm O.C. vertically and
900mm O.C. horizontally, unless otherwise indicated on the contract
drawings.

6.7 Anchoring Single-Wythe Masonry Veneer

6.7.1 Anchor single-wythe masonry veneer to metal studs with masonry veneer
anchors to comply with the following requirements:

a. Fasten each anchor section through sheathing to metal studs with 2

(two) metal fasteners of type indicated.

b. Embed tie section in masonry joints. Provide not less than 50mm air
space between back of masonry veneer wythe and face of sheathing.

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c. Locate anchor section relative to course in which tie section is

embedded to allow maximum vertical differential movement of tie up
and down.

d. Space anchors as indicated on the contract drawings, but not more

than 500mm O.C. vertically and 600mm O.C. horizontally with not
less than 1 (one) anchor for each 0.20m2 of wall area. Install
additional anchors within 300mm of openings and at intervals around
perimeter not exceeding 200 mm.

6.7.2 Install vents at the top of each continuous air space in masonry veneer walls.

6.8 Movement (Control and Expansion) Joints

6.8.1 Install control and expansion joints in masonry units where indicated. Build
in related items as the masonry progresses. Do not form a continuous span
through movement joints unless provisions are made to prevent in-plane
restraint of wall or partition movement.

6.8.2 If location of control joints is not indicated on the contract drawings, place
vertical joints spaced not more than 9.0m O.C. Locate control joints at points
of natural weakness in masonry work.

6.8.3 Form control joints in concrete masonry as follows:

a. Fit bond breaker strips into hollow contour in ends of block units on
one side of control joint. Fill the resultant core with grout and rake
joints in exposed faces.

b. Install preformed control joint gaskets designed to fit standard sash

block.

c. Install special shapes designed for control joints. Install bond breaker
strips at joint. Keep head joints free and clear of mortar or rake joint.

6.8.4 Build in horizontal pressure-relieving joints where indicated; construct joints

by either leaving an air space or inserting nonmetallic 50 percent
compressible joint filler of width required to permit installation of sealant and
backer rod.

6.8.5 Locate horizontal pressure-relieving joints beneath shelf angles supporting

masonry veneer and attached to structure behind masonry veneer.

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6.9 Lintels

6.9.1 Install steel lintels where indicated.

6.9.2 Provide masonry lintels where shown and wherever openings of more than
600mm for block size units are shown without structural steel or other
supporting lintels. Provide precast or formed-in-place masonry lintels. Cure
precast lintels before handling and installation. Temporarily support formed-
in-place lintels.

6.9.3 For hollow concrete masonry unit walls, use specially formed bond beam
units with reinforcement bars placed as indicated and filled with coarse grout.

6.9.4 Provide minimum bearing of 200mm at each jamb, unless otherwise

indicated.

6.10 Installation and Grouting of Reinforced Masonry Units

6.10.1 For temporary formwork, construct formwork and shores to support

reinforced masonry elements during construction.

6.10.2 Construct formwork to conform to shape, line, and dimensions shown. Make
sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar and grout. Brace, tie, and
support forms to maintain position and shape during construction and curing
of reinforced masonry.

6.10.3 Do not place grout until entire height of masonry to be grouted has attained
sufficient strength to resist displacement of masonry units and breaking of
mortar bond.

6.10.4 All cells and spaces containing reinforcement shall be filled with grout.

6.10.5 Prior to grouting, grout space shall be cleaned so that all spaces to be filled
with grout do not contain mortar drippings, debris, loose aggregates, and any
material deleterious to masonry grout.

6.10.6 Place reinforcement and ties in grout spaces prior to grouting. Bolts shall be
accurately set and held in place to prevent dislocation during grouting.

6.10.7 Grouting of any section of wall shall be completed in one day with no
interruption greater than one hour.

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6.10.8 Cleanouts

Provide cleanouts in the bottom course of masonry for each grout pour, when
the grout pour height exceeds 1.5m:

a. Provide cleanouts adjacent to each vertical bar.

b. In solid grouted masonry, space cleanouts horizontally a maximum of

800mm O.C.

c. Construct cleanouts with an opening of sufficient size to permit

removal of debris. Minimum opening dimension shall be 75mm.

d. Cleanouts shall be sealed after inspection and before grouting.

6.10.9 Place grout within 90 minutes from introducing water in the mixture and
prior to initial set.

6.10.10 Place grout in lifts not exceeding 1.5m.

6.10.11 Consolidation

Consolidate grout at the time of placement:

a. Consolidate grout pours 300mm or less in height by mechanical

vibration or by puddling.

b. Consolidate pours exceeding 300mm in height by mechanical

vibration and reconsolidate by mechanical vibration after initial water
loss and settlement has occurred.

6.11 Repairing, Pointing, and Cleaning

6.11.1 Remove and replace masonry units that are loose, chipped, broken, stained,
or otherwise damaged or if units do not match adjoining units. Install new
units to match adjoining units and in fresh mortar or grout, pointed to
eliminate evidence of replacement.

6.11.2 Pointing

During the tooling of joints, enlarge any voids or holes, except weep holes,
and completely fill with mortar. Point-up all joints including corners,
openings, and adjacent construction to provide a neat, uniform appearance,
prepared for application of sealants.

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6.11.3 Final Cleaning

After mortar is thoroughly set and cured, clean exposed masonry as follows:

a. Remove large mortar particles by hand with wooden paddles and

nonmetallic scrape hoes or chisels.

b. Protect adjacent stone and non-masonry surfaces from contact with

cleaner by covering them with liquid strippable masking agent,
polyethylene film, or waterproof masking tape.

c. Wet wall surfaces with water prior to application of cleaners; remove

cleaners promptly by rinsing thoroughly with clear water.

d. Leave the work area and surrounding surfaces clean and free of
mortar, spots, droppings and broken masonry. Remove defective or
broken work and install new work.

6.11.4 Waterproofing

After completion of final cleaning, apply waterproofing according to the

manufacturer’s installation instructions ensuring that all exposed masonry
surfaces are fully covered.

6.12 Curing

6.12.1 Masonry work and top of the grout pour shall be damp-cured for at least
seven (7) days to prevent too rapid drying during hot or drying weather, and
drying wind.

6.12.2 Walls shall be kept moist or damp with water from a fogging nozzle, but
shall not be wet to the point that free water drops from the surface.

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7.0 PROJECT / SITE CONDITIONS

7.1 Protection of Masonry

During erection cover top of walls, projections, and sills with water proof sheeting at
end of each days work. Cover partially completed masonry when construction is not
in progress. Extend cover up to a minimum of 600mm down both sides and hold
cover securely in place.

7.2 Do not apply uniform floor or roof loads for at least 12 hours and concentrated loads
for at least 3 days after building masonry walls.

7.3 Stain Prevention

Prevent grout, mortar and soil from attaining the face of masonry to be left exposed,
plastered or painted. Remove immediately any grout or mortar and soil that come in
contact with such masonry.

7.4 Cold Weather Requirements

7.4.1 Fully protect masonry units against freezing by a weather-tight covering.

7.4.2 Do not lay concrete masonry units when the temperature of the surrounding
atmosphere is below 5 degrees Celsius or is likely to fall below 5 degrees in
the 24-hour period after laying, unless adequate protection is provided.

7.5 Hot Weather Condition

7.5.1 Do not lay concrete masonry units when the temperature of the surrounding
atmosphere exceeds 50 degrees Celsius. The contractor shall submit hot
protection procedure to SEC representative for review and approval.

7.5.2 Do not spread mortar beds more than 1200mm ahead of placing block units.

7.5.3 Place block units within one minute of spreading mortar.

8.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE

8.1 Fire Performance Characteristics

Masonry walls in substations shall have three (3) hours fire rating.

8.2 Single-Source Responsibility for Masonry Units

Obtain concrete masonry units of uniform texture and color, or a uniform blend
within the ranges accepted for these characteristics, from one manufacturer for each
different product required for each surface or visually related surfaces.

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8.3 Single-Source Responsibility for Mortar Materials

Obtain mortar ingredients of uniform quality, including color for masonry, from one
manufacturer for each cementitious component and from one source and producer
for each type of aggregate.

8.4 All masonry units shall be sound, free of cracks or other defects that may interfere
with the proper placing of the unit or impair the strength of construction.

8.5 Where units are to be used in exposed wall construction, the exposed masonry faces
shall not show chips or cracks, or imperfections.

8.6 Use of damaged items is prohibited.

8.7 Obtain a qualified independent testing laboratory to perform the following testing
indicated for source and field quality control.

8.8 Frequency Test

Tests and evaluations listed in this standard shall be performed during construction
for each 400m2 of wall area.

8.8.1 Concrete Masonry Unit Test

For each different concrete masonry unit indicated, units will be tested for
strength, absorption and moisture content.

8.8.2 Prism Test Method

For each type of wall construction indicated, masonry prisms will be tested
per ASTM E447, Method B. Prepare one set of prisms for testing at 7days
and one set for testing 28days.

9.0 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

9.1 Deliver masonry materials to project in undamaged condition.

9.2 Store and handle masonry units off the ground, under cover and in a dry location to
prevent their deterioration or damage due to moisture, temperature changes,
contaminations, corrosion, and other issues. If units become wet, do not place until
units are in an air-dried condition.

9.3 Store cementitious materials off the ground, under cover and in dry location.

9.4 Store aggregates where grading and other required characteristics can be maintained
and contamination avoided. Store different aggregates separately.

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9.5 Store masonry accessories including metal items to prevent corrosion and
accumulation of dirt and oil.

9.6 Protect reinforcement, ties and metal accessories from permanent distortion and store
them off the ground.

10.0 SUBMITTALS

Submit the following in accordance with the conditions below:

10.1 Product data for each different concrete masonry unit, accessory and other
manufactured product indicated.

10.2 Shop drawings for fabrication, bending and placement of concrete masonry
reinforcing bars. Comply with ACI 315 showing bar schedules, stirrup spacing,
diagrams of bent bars and arrangement of masonry reinforcement.

10.3 Asbestos free and lead free certification for all masonry materials and accessories.

10.4 Concrete masonry unit sample, for initial selection purposes, in small-scale form
showing full extent of colors and textures available for each different exposed
masonry unit required.

10.5 Material certificates of the following signed by manufacturer and Contractor

certifying that each material complies with requirements:

10.5.1 Each different cement product required for mortar and grout, including name
of manufacturer, brand, type, and weight slips at time of delivery.

10.5.2 Each material and grade indicated for reinforcing bars.

10.5.3 Each type and size of joint reinforcement.

10.5.4 Each type and size of anchors, ties, and metal accessories.

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