Start-Up and Commissioning of The Pipeline With PDF

Start-up and Commissioning of the Pipeline (With PDF)
whatispiping.com/start-up-commissioning-pipeline/
Anup Kumar Dey November 18, 2019
The objective of the commissioning

To bring the constructed/installed system to deliver the desired function.
Pipeline commissioning means introducing crude/ product/Gas in the pipeline
from originating station, filling the entire length, and then start delivering to the
receipt system.
What do we need prior to commissioning?

The pipeline and associated facilities are completed in all respect
All Fire and Safety equipment/facilities are tested and commissioned
Availability of dedicated communication
Statutory Clearances obtained
Availability of Product (HSD)/ Crude oil – Not less line-fill
Required Manpower is placed at all locations
Availability of water and its disposal plan
Availability of a dedicated commissioning team
Critical issues in commissioning a Petroleum Pipeline

The movement of hydrocarbon in an empty pipeline can generate static current.
Hydrocarbon Vapor mixed with oxygen may lead to an explosion.
There may be the formation of an Air / Vapor pocket that may get compressed leading
to a rise in pressure.
Air/vapor pocket may explode in the receiving tank leading to damage to the tank roof
seal.
Leakage of any hydrocarbon may lead to fire or damage to the environment.
Properties of Hydrocarbons
Flash Point:-The flash point of a volatile liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can
vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.
Table of Contents
The objective of the commissioning

What do we need prior to commissioning?
Critical issues in commissioning a Petroleum Pipeline
1/5
Properties of Hydrocarbons
Properties of Petroleum Products and Preferred Liquid for Commissioning:
What is a PIG?
The objective of Pigging
Conventional / Utility Pigs – Different types
Intelligent Pig (Fig. 2)
Commissioning of a Gas Pipeline
Commissioning Steps
Online Video Courses related to Pipeline Engineering
Vapor Pressure:-The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its vapor when
the liquid and vapor are in dynamic equilibrium. At a given temperature, a substance with
higher vapor pressure vaporizes more readily than a substance with lower vapor pressure.
Properties of Petroleum Products and Preferred Liquid for

Commissioning:
Fig. 1: Properties of Petroleum Products
What is a PIG?
A device that moves through the inside of a pipeline for the purpose of cleaning, dimensioning,
sealing, and inspecting.
The objective of Pigging
2/5
Pigging for New Pipeline-
Remove debris
Verify ovality, dent, etc
Water filling & dewatering after hydro‐testing
Sealing of product or water during commissioning
Pigging for In-Service Pipeline-
Maintain line efficiency

Corrosion control
Check dents, buckles, and any other internal abnormalities
To minimize interface generation between two dissimilar products
To avoid cross‐contamination
To evacuate the pipeline
Conventional / Utility Pigs – Different types

Various components are fitted on a mandrel.
It can be uni‐directional or bi‐directional
Fig. 2: PIG and PIG Launching Barrel
Intelligent Pig (Fig. 2)

To record bends, dents, ovality, bend radius & angle.
PIG Launching / Receiving Barrel: Refer to Fig. 2
3/5
Commissioning of a Gas Pipeline
A gas pipeline is treated as Tank. However, before taking gas in the Pipeline, it is to be made
moisture and oxygen-free.
Commissioning Steps
Drying – Purging of super dry air: Compressed Super dry air is purged using air
compressors with accessories viz. Moisture Separator, Oil Separator, and Dryer. The air shall
be supplied in the pipeline at (-) 20 deg. C dew point. Super dry air with dew point (-) 20 deg.
C will have sufficient capacity to absorb water vapor to the extent of 30 % of the desired
capacity.
Vacuum Drying: The process utilizes a high-capacity vacuum to reduce pressure within the
Pipeline to a level from 760 Torr to 40 Torr. At this pressure (40 Torr), any water within the
pipeline will start boiling and vaporizing. Air left inside the Pipeline is subjected to a vacuum
of 40 Torr, and the water vapor will expand approx. 18.8 times, which will be displaced using
high-capacity vacuum booster pumps (rated capacity 5000 CuM/Hr)When the vacuum of 7.6-
10 Torr is achieved, it is confirmed that the whole pipeline system has been dried to the
required level.
Nitrogen Purging: At vacuum level 7.6 Torr and dew point (-) 20 deg.C, the oxygen content
inside the Pipeline is 0.20%. To further dilute the oxygen content, nitrogen purging is done
almost 13 times more than pipeline volume. This will reduce the oxygen content to 0.015%,
which is considered negligible.
Now the Pipeline system is ready to receive Gas.
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5/5

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Start-up and Commissioning of the Pipeline (With PDF)

Anup Kumar Dey November 18, 2019

The objective of the commissioning

What do we need prior to commissioning?

Critical issues in commissioning a Petroleum Pipeline

The objective of the commissioning

Properties of Petroleum Products and Preferred Liquid for

Fig. 1: Properties of Petroleum Products

The objective of Pigging

Pigging for In-Service Pipeline-

Maintain line efficiency

Conventional / Utility Pigs – Different types

Fig. 2: PIG and PIG Launching Barrel

Intelligent Pig (Fig. 2)

PIG Launching / Receiving Barrel: Refer to Fig. 2

Now the Pipeline system is ready to receive Gas.

Online Video Courses related to Pipeline Engineering

Pipeline Stress Analysis using Caesar II

Underground Piping Stress Analysis Procedure using Caesar II

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