Biology Project HUMAN EVOLUTION
Biology Project HUMAN EVOLUTION
Biology Project HUMAN EVOLUTION
PROJECT
HUMAN
EVOLUTION
(2022-2023)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been
possible without the kind support and help of many individuals.
I would like to thank my principle, Mr. Majeed and school s for
providing me with facilities required to do my project.
I am highly indebted to my Biology teacher, Mrs. Meenakshi, for her
invaluable guidance which has sustained my efforts in all the stages of
this project work.
I would also like to thank my parents for their continuous support and
encouragement.
My thanks and appreciation also go to my fellow classmates and the
laboratory assistant in developing the project and to the people who
have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
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INDEX
SL NO. Content Page No.
1. Acknowledgement 2
2. Index 3
3. Objective 4
4. Introduction 5
5. Human evolution 6
6. Conclusion 11
7. Bibliography 12
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OBJECTIVE
The aim of doing a project on the topic “study of human evolution” is
to:
To have a clear information about the evolution of human
Look into different similarities of humans with apes and
changes that happened to humans
To understand more about the study of evolution called
Palaeoanthropology
To learn what is the process of evolution.
To learn what are the changes occurred in humans during
evolutions
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INTRODUCTION
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HUMAN EVOLUTION
Human evolution is the lengthy process of change by which people
originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the
physical and behavioural traits shared by all people originated from
apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of approximately six
million years. One of the earliest defining human traits, bipedalism --
the ability to walk on two legs -- evolved over 4 million years ago.
Other important human characteristics -- such as a large and complex
brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language -
- developed more recently. Many advanced traits -- including complex
symbolic expression, art, and elaborate cultural diversity -- emerged
mainly during the past 100,000 years.
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Bone size, shape, and markings left by muscles tell us how those
predecessors moved around, held tools, and how the size of their brains
changed over a long time.
The process of evolution:
It involves a series of natural changes that cause species (populations
of different organisms) to arise, adapt to the environment, and become
extinct. All species or organisms have originated through the process
of biological evolution. In animals that reproduce sexually, including
humans, the term species refers to a group whose adult members
regularly interbreed, resulting in fertile offspring -- that is, offspring
themselves capable of reproducing. Scientists classify each species
with a unique, two-part scientific name. In this system, modern humans
are classified as Homo sapiens.
Evolution occurs when there is change in the genetic material -- the
chemical molecule, DNA -- which is inherited from the parents, and
especially in the proportions of different genes in a population. Genes
represent the segments of DNA that provide the chemical code for
producing proteins. Information contained in the DNA can change by
a process known as mutation.
Evolution does not change any single individual. Instead, it changes the
inherited means of growth and development that typify a population .
Parents pass adaptive genetic changes to their offspring, and ultimately
these changes become common throughout a population. As a result,
the offspring inherit those genetic characteristics that enhance their
chances of survival and ability to give birth, which may work well until
the environment changes. Over time, genetic change can alter a species'
overall way of life, such as what it eats, how it grows, and where it can
live. Human evolution took place as new genetic variations in early
ancestor populations favoured new abilities to adapt to environmental
change and so altered the human way of life.
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CONCLUSION
Studies in evolutionary biology have led to the conclusion that human
beings arose from ancestral primates. Many of the most important
advances in palaeontology over the past century relate to the
evolutionary history of humans. Not one but many connecting links—
intermediate between and along various branches of the human family
tree—have been found as fossils.
Evolution does not change any single individual. Instead, it changes
the inherited means of growth and development that typify a
population (a group of individuals of the same species living in a
habitat).
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://humanorigins.si.edu/education/introduction-human-
evolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolution
https://www.britannica.com/science/human-evolution
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