Music

Lesson 1: Impressionism Music
Rhythm – has free and flexible rhythm. It does not have clear
rhythm, or the rhythm is irregular
Melody – varies from short to long sound and follows a free-flowing
lines. Most of the theme of the music was centered on nature, its
beauty, and lightness.
Timbre – is completely unique in impressionistic music, follows the
same characteristics that explains the practice and performance of
the artists of this style.
- wood wind, strings, harp, piano, small
chamber
Claude Debussy – Father of the Impressionist music
Expressionism is a style of art and soon transcend in music that
started in 1905 by German artists. Artists create exaggerated
pictures, uses distorted colors and unrealistic objects that shows
strong emotions or anger.
Lesson 2: Expressionism in Music

Rhythm – has complex and irregular rhythm due to liberation of form
and harmony.
Melody – uses distorted melodies and harmonies; uses 12 tone scale
created by Arnold Schoenberg
Harmony – uses harsh dissonance and atonality (it means not have a
tonal center or key)
Texture – has a constant change in texture because there is a
consistent change in instrumental color making the sound dark and
heavier.
Primitivistic music – is a tonal through the asserting of one note
as more important that the others. New sounds are synthesized from
old ones by juxtaposing two simple events to create a more complex
new event.
Primitivism has links to exoticism through the use of materials from
other cultures, Nationalism through the use of materials indigenous
to specific countries, and Ethnicism through the use of materials
from European ethnic groups.
Primitivism Composers:Two well-known proponents of this tyle were
Igor Stravinsky and Bela Bartok. It eventually evolved into Neo-
Classicism.
BELA BARTOK (1881-1945)(Duet for Pipes) is tonal through the
stressing of one note as more important than the others.
Lesson 3:Neo-Classicism
was a moderating factor between the emotional excesses of the
Romantic period and the violent impulses of the soul in
expressionism. It was, in essence, a partial return to an earlier
style of writing, particularly the tightly-knit form of the
Classical period, while combining tonal harmonies with slight
dissonances. It also adopted a modern freer use of the seven-note
diatonic scale.
Lesson 3: Neo- Classicism Composer:
1. Sergie Prokofieff (1891- 1953)
- is regarded today as a combination of neo-classicist,
nationalist, and avant garde composer. His style is uniquely
recognizable for its progressive technique, pulsating rhythms,
melodic directness, and a resolving dissonance.
2. Francis Poulenc (1899- 1963)
- one of the relatively few composers born into wealth and a
privileged social position.
- was a member of the group of young French composers known as “Les
Six”.
- His compositions had a coolly elegant modernity, tempered by a
classical sense of proportion.
Other members of “Les Six”
1. Georges Auric (1899-1983)- wrote music for the movies and
rhythmic music with lots of energy
2. Louis Durey (1888-1979)- used traditional ways of composing and
wrote in his own, personal way, not wanting to follow form.
3. Arthur Honegger (1882-1955)- liked chamber music and the
symphony. His popular piece Pacific 231 describes a train journey on
the Canadian Pacific Railway.
4. Darius Milhaud (1892-1974) – was a very talented composer who
wrote in several different styles.
5. Germaine Taileferre (1892-1983)- was the only female in the
group. She liked to use dance rhythms.
Lesson 4: Avant Garde Music
Avant-garde – a French phrase meaning “vanguard "or (literally,
“advance guard”), DESCRIBES MOVEMENTS OF INNOVATION AND
EXPERIMENTATION IN THE FIELDS OF ARTS AND MUSIC.
- The avant-garde artists can be described as a group of people who
develop fresh and often very surprising ideas in visual art,
literature and culture at large.
- Closely associated with electronic music, the avant garde movement
dealt with the parameters or the dimensions of sound in space.
- The avant-garde style exhibited a new attitude toward musical
mobility, whereby the order of note groups could be varied so that
musical continuity could be altered.
Characteristic of Avant Garde Music:
 it breaks various rules and regulations of traditional music

and create a new organize sound.
 Harmony – have a great increase in the use of chords that

blur the sense of a stable tonality; have mysterious sound,
while diminished chords have an unsettling, dissonant sound.
 Melody – uses the tone-row, 12- tone, or dodecaphonic music,

uses “Micro-tones” and improvisations in compositions.
 Rhythm – uses polyrhythm which means a rhythm which makes use

of two or more different rhythms simultaneously and
syncopation which is the shifting of the normal accent,
usually by stressing the normally unaccented beats.
Lesson 4- Avant Garde Music Composer:

1. George Gershwin
o His music is light music, jazz and shows music that linked
classical and popular music where he makes use of
improvisations, syncopation and polyrhythms.
o considered the “Father of American Jazz”
2. Leonard Bernstein
o An accomplished pianist before he became famous a conductor
also known as “Lenny”; who bridged the gap between classical
music, Broadway musicals, jazz, and rock.
o His philosophy was that the universal language of music is
basically rooted in tonality. This came under fire from the
radical young musicians who espoused the serialist principles
of that time.
. Leonard Bernstein
o Achieved pre-eminence in two fields: conducting and composing
for Broadway musicals, dance shows and concert music.
o Best known for his compositions for the stage: West Side
Story (1957) Romeo and Juliet (American version)
3. Philip Glass
o one of the most commercially successful minimalist composer’.
o explored the territories of ballet, opera, theatre, film, and
even television jingles.
o His works uses displacement of (beats of accents) rhythms. And
rely on traditional diatonic scale is consisting of seven
notes with the first note repeated one octave above the tonic
note. Tonic also known as the root, which is the first note of
the scale.
Lesson 5: Modern Nationalism

 A looser form of 20th century music development focused on
nationalist composers and musical innovators who sought to
combine modern techniques with folk materials.
Composers of this genre:
 Bela Bartok
Sergei Prokofieff
“Russian Five”
Modest Mussorgsky
Mili Balakirev
Alexander Borodin
Cesar Cui
Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov

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Lesson 1: Impressionism Music

Lesson 2: Expressionism in Music

Characteristic of Avant Garde Music:

 it breaks various rules and regulations of traditional music

 Harmony – have a great increase in the use of chords that

 Melody – uses the tone-row, 12- tone, or dodecaphonic music,

 Rhythm – uses polyrhythm which means a rhythm which makes use

Lesson 4- Avant Garde Music Composer:

Lesson 5: Modern Nationalism

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