“CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION”

Report Submitted for summer internship in the partial fulfilment of

requirements for the award of the degree of
Masters in Forensic Science

Submitted by

Student’s name – Shivay Kumar

(Batch: 2020-2022)

Under the Supervision of

Dr. SP Kori

Department of Applied Chemistry, Biochemistry and Forensic Science,

Amity School of Applied Sciences,

Amity University Haryana, November 2021

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 UNDERTAKING

I hereby declare that the matter embodied in this dissertation entitled under “Crime Scene
Investigation” submitted to the Department of Applied Chemistry, Amity School of Applied
Sciences, Amity University Gurgaon, Haryana, for the award of the degree of Masters in
Forensic Science is my original work under the guidance of Dr. SP Kori.
Further, I would like to state that this is my work report based on the Summer Internship
Program of one month.

Date: November 2021 (Shivay Kumar)

Place: Manesar, Gurgaon Enrolment No.: A51601120019
Department of Applied Science
Amity University Gurgaon
Haryana

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 Department of Applied Chemistry,
Bio-Chemistry and Forensic Science

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work contained in the dissertation entitled “Crime Scene
Investigation”, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of master’s in forensic science in Applied Science is an authentic record of work carried out by
“Shivay Kumar” under supervision of Dr. SP Kori. The matter embodied in this dissertation
has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree.

Dr. SP Kori Prof. (Dr.) Seema R. Pathak

Supervisor Head of
Department of Applied Forensic Department of Applied Chemistry, Biochemistry
Science and Forensic Science.

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Certificate in INSTITUTE’S Letter Head (for external, if any)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Professor, Dr. A.K. Yadav, HOI of ASAS, for
providing me with all the necessary facilities for the internship and report. I place on record,
my sincere thank you to Dr. Seema R. Pathak, HOD of Applied Sciences, for the continuous
encouragement. Second and foremost, I have to thank my Report Supervisor, Dr. SP Kori.
Without his assistance and dedicated involvement in every step throughout the process, this
report would have never been accomplished.

At the set I convey heartily thanks to Mr. Vinod, Senior Scientific Officer, Scene of Crime
Team, Gurgaon for providing me an opportunity to undergo on Summer Internship at their
esteemed organization. I would like to thank you very much for your support and
understanding.

I would also like to show gratitude to my other Faculties, including Mr. Ravi Rathi, Dr.
Bhuvnesh Yadav and Dr. Gurvinder Singh Bumbrah. I hope that I have managed to address
several of them here.

I would like to show my heartily thanks to my parents, for their support, love and
encouragement in all possible way from starting till today. Last, but not the least I would like
to thank my friend for encouraging me in every possible way. They helped me a lot to complete
internship and my internship report.

Amity University Gurgaon, Manesar Shivay Kumar

Date: November 2021

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 ABSTRACT
The purpose of crime scene investigation is to help establish what happened and to identify the
responsible person. This is done by carefully documenting the conditions at a crime scene and
recognizing all relevant physical evidence. The ability to recognize and properly collect
physical evidence is oftentimes critical to both solving and prosecuting violent crimes. It is no
exaggeration to say that in the majority of cases, the law enforcement officer who protects and
searches a crime scene plays a critical role in determining whether physical evidence will be
used in solving or prosecuting violent crimes.

Documenting crime scene conditions can include immediately recording transient details such
as lighting (on/off), drapes (open/closed), weather, or furniture moved by medical teams.
Certain evidence such as shoeprints or gunshot residue is fragile and if not collected
immediately can easily be destroyed or lost. The scope of the investigation also extends to
considerations of arguments which might be generated in this case (suicide/ self defence) and
documenting conditions which would support or refute these arguments.

Although there are common items which are frequently collected as evidence (fingerprints,
shoeprints, or bloodstains), literally any object can be physical evidence. Anything which can
be used to connect a victim to a suspect or a suspect to a victim or crime scene is relevant
physical evidence.

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 CONTENTS
Page No.
1. Acknowledgement 5
2. Summary 6
3. Introduction 8
4. Review of Literature 15
5. Experimental Section 16
6. Results and Discussion 26
7. Conclusion 28
8. Future Prospects 29
9. References 30

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 INTRODUCTION

The scene of occurrence is the place where a criminal offence is reported to have taken place.
After a crime is reported to the police, the investigation process is set into motion. Quite often,
the success or failure of the entire criminal investigation will depend upon proper handling of
the crime scene and processing of the evidence. The investigator who is a very important person
at the scene must, therefore, possess the knowledge and skill to preserve and process the
evidence available at the scene. He must learn to recognize, identify, preserve and collect items
of physical evidence. He must also be fully conversant with the legal as well as the scientific
requirement in the collection of evidence.

Crime Scene
A scene of occurrence of a crime is the place where a particular crime has been committed or
where physical evidence of such crime is found when it is first brought to the notice of the
police. It is a starting point for the investigator, which provides him with the information on
the victim and the suspect, and to reconstruct the crime.
The scene of occurrence cannot be limited to one place only. It may extend to one or
more places. It may also not be limited to immediate surroundings, but may extend to a wider
area depending upon the nature of the crime committed. In a compact scene of crime, such as
burglary, the scene may be divided into five parts, namely:- 1. Line of approach
2. Point of entry
3. Actual scene
4. Point of exit
5. Line of retreat
The scene of crime may be classified as outdoor or indoor scene. A crime committed on a road
or a field is an outdoor crime. Whereas a crime committed in a house, a car, etc., is an indoor
crime. There may be certain types of crime, which have no ‘scene’ at all. The crime of this
nature are forgery, embezzlement etc.
The crime of indoor and outdoor nature like theft, house breaking, robbery, dacoity, homicide,
rape, traffic accident, etc., have invariably physical evidence at their scenes because of intense
physical activities involved in their commission. Physical evidence found at the crime scene
can be the key to the solution of a crime.

Locard’s Principle of Exchange

Dr. Edmond Locard, a foremost criminologist observed that criminals often possess some clues
on or near their person or they leave such clues on or near the scene of crime. He thus
propounded the theory of mutual exchange, which states that ‘ when two objects come into
contact , there is always an exchange of material’. This is known as Locard’s principle of
Exchange. It has great significance in crime scene inspection and reconstruction. A person
treading loose ground leaves his shoe-prints behind and carry away with him some of the soil
on his shoes. A criminal may succeed in avoiding being seen or heard at the scene, but he
cannot avoid coming in contact with his environment.

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Preservation of the crime scene
Preservation of the crime scene is the most important task of the police. The first person arriving
at the scene should be able to protect the scene from curious onlookers and family members.
He should isolate the area of the crime by cordoning it off. Nothing on the scene should be
touched, changed or altered until the investigating officer takes its proper note. Once any
material object or dead body is moved from its place, it can never be restored to its original
position. The scene, once touched or altered, will make the task of an investigator, in
reconstructing the crime and identifying the criminal by physical evidence, very difficult, if not
impossible.

Recording of crime scene

After taking an immediate action to protect the crime scene, the investigator should then
proceed to record the evidence. But before doing so, he should seek the help of the two
independent reliable witnesses, preferably from the neighbourhood of the crime scene, as their
presence will strengthen the case of the prosecution at the time of trial. No evidence should be
picked up, or touched or even disturbed till it has been minutely described in a note book, its
location shown in a sketch and photographs taken.

Methodical Search for Evidence

Before commencing a search for physical evidence, the investigator must be clear in his mind
on: -
1. How to look for
2. Where to look for
3. What to look for

1. How to look for the clues?

• If the crime scene is indoors, the investigator must be careful, thorough and
systematic in his search for traces. He must make keen observations and proceed
methodically by searching along the line of approach and departure as also on the
scene of crime itself. Search in a room or other enclosed place like a railway
compartment or a vehicle should be conducted in a definite order, by clockwise or
anti-clockwise movement. Take a door as the starting point and move either in a
clockwise or anti-clockwise manner round the centre, inspecting floor, the roof and
the walls to, search the entire place. Often investigators concentrate their search on
the floor or at eye level. Sometimes useful evidence may be available on the ceiling.
If this method is followed with thoroughness no clue will be left undetected. It is
only lack of proper method and haphazard search that leaves many clues untraced.
• If the crime scene is outdoor i.e. when the scene is in the open and spread over a
wider area, it will be convenient to employ a team of officers and distribute the area
amongst them. Such a team may consist of the leader and four members who are
trained in the search for clues. The leader may employ anyone of the following

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 methods of search. The four assistants under the overall guidance and supervision
of the leader may conduct the actual search: - (a) Spiral method
(b) Grid method (c) Strip method (d) Zone or quad method

Fig.1 Different methods of searching

Outdoor crime scene present difficult problems during night time. If possible, search
should be postponed to the following day. Is this being not possible then search should
be done with floodlights. In the case of outdoor search, the combination of zone and
spiral methods as described above in the most ideal one, whereas in indoor search spiral
method is universally adopted. In the case of vehicle, the search will depend on the type
of crime under investigation.
2. Where to look for clues?
The type of evidence the investigator is seeking often determines the search for the
clues. In indoor crime scenes one should not ignore the space concealed behind the door
leaf, the portion of the floor covered by carpets, or mattresses, behind and under the
Trunks, suitcases and boxes and other items of furniture like sofa sets, tables, almirahs
etc. if the investigator does not find something which he feels should have been
logically present, he must look for it with particular care.
3. What to look for?
Nothing at crime scene is insignificant. The investigator should bear in mind that the
traces, however, insignificant at the first appearance, may prove to be of immense value
later. The minutest traces must receive the closest attention of the investigator. Correct
search of the scene for clues is essential for proper reconstruction of a crime. The
position and condition of everything at the scene must be taken proper note of, viz.
1. Overturned furniture, disturbed wall hangings,
2. Broken doors, windows and glass panes,

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 3. Type and nature of fracture of window panes,
4. Displaced articles,
5. Position of the victim etc.,

PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

Definition
The evidence is general is anything that tends to prove or disprove a point under investigation
or consideration. Physical evidence is evidence having a physical and material quality- a
tangible article, no matter whether microscopic or macroscopic. It encompasses any and all
objects, living or inanimate, solid, liquid or gas.

Importance
Physical evidence is one of the investigator’s most valuable possessions in pursuing the
investigation to a successful conclusion. It can establish that a crime has been committed or
can provide a link between a crime and its victim or a crime and its perpetrator. It can also
provide leads to the investigator during the conduct of investigation of a criminal offence.

Sources of Physical Evidence

The physical evidence can be obtained from three main sources:
1. The scene of crime,
2. The victim, if any,
3. The suspect and his environment.
The crimes against property will usually involve only 1. and 2. Sources
mentioned above; whereas, crime against the person will involve all the three
sources.

The Crime Scene

The crime scene usually includes line of approach, point of entry, the actual scene,
the point of exit and the line of departure. The physical evidence from any of these sources will
be an excellent piece of evidence. As provided in Section 157 Cr.P.C. the investigating officer
has to proceed to the spot to investigate the facts and
circumstances of the case. The crime scene is a potent source of diverse types of
physical evidence that can lead to successful detection of the case.

Types of Physical Evidence

The following types of physical evidence may be found in diverse types of crimes: -
1. Blood, semen and other biological fluids
2. Fingerprints
3. Footprints
4. Teeth marks

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 5. Impression
6. Documents
7. Drugs
8. Explosives
9. Fibre’s and fabric
10. Firearms and ammunition
11. Glass
12. Hair
13. Viscera etc.

Search and collection of Physical Evidence

Physical evidence may be collected only after the initial search, photography and sketching of
the crime scene. If it is a crime of violence resulting in death and committed indoors then all
obvious evidential material on or near the body is collected before the body is removed for
autopsy. The weapon of offence and any other type of evidence left as a result of contact
between the victim and assailant like blood, flesh, etc. should be located. If it is a case of
burglary, then the point of entry should be established and evidence of tool marks, tools, etc.,
should be looked for. Obvious items of microscopic evidence such as hairs, glass fragments,
woodchips, metal pieces, vegetable matter, dust, soil, fibre’s or other small visible items
originally not belonging to the place of occurrence should be picked up carefully with forceps.
After manual search is done, a vacuum sweeper equipped with suction attachment may be used,
and the evidence, if missed, can be collected. Search for fingerprints can then be made on
doorknobs, windowsills, glass panes, door leaf etc.
If the scene of crime is outdoors, the evidence like footprints, hairs, fibre’s, fabrics, blood,
semen, soil, vegetation, tire marks, etc., should be looked for and collected.
If the crime is committed in an automobile, then glass, sweepings of the upholstery and floors,
fingerprints, blood, semen, hairs and fibre’s should be searched and collected.
In hit and run cases, glass, paint, soil, blood, hair and fabric are the most common types of
evidence, which should be collected.
Physical evidence collected from the scene of crime has to be handled, packed and preserved
in a way that prevents any change taking place between the times it is removed from the crime
scene to the time it is received by the laboratory. Change can take place due to contamination,
breakage, evaporation, or loss through improper or careless packing.
For collecting the evidence, packing material and tools ready to encounter any type of
situation should be kept handy. Investigators are often provided with crime scene evidence
collecting kits, containing most of the things, which the investigating officer may need.

Handling of Physical Evidence

Evidence collected at the scene of crime can be so varied in type, size, delicacy, and degree of
perishability that there can be no set procedure laid down to cover all aspects. However, each
article should be collected bearing in mind the following points: -
1. Avoid temptation of picking up an article immediately on arrival at the crime scene.
2. Use a pair of rubber gloves while handling every article.

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 3. Handle article as little as possible so that no clue is lost or damaged.
4. Prevent careless destruction of any evidence.
5. Maintain integrity of the evidence material, i.e. original character of the evidence.
6. Ensure chain of possession of evidence collected.

Packing and Labelling of Evidence

The following points should be borne in mind with regard to the packing of exhibits: -
1. The exhibits contained in the package are not damaged by knocking against each
other and are properly padded with cotton, Thermocol etc.
2. Each article should be separately packed and labelled so that the individuality
and identity are maintained.
3. The packing should be secure and nothing should penetrate or seep through, to
contaminate the contents.
4. As far as possible all packets belongings to one case should be enclosed in a box
or outer covering to form a ‘parcel’, unless disparity in size of various articles
make this impossible. Packets of articles belonging to different cases should not
be enclosed in one parcel.
5. The exhibits inside the packing, especially fingerprint articles, do not come in
contact with each other or the sides of the package.
6. The exhibits are not contaminated by being packed in unclean containers.
7. The exhibits do not spill due to the use of unsuitable lids and stoppers.
8. The container is strong enough to avoid damage in transit.
9. The exhibits are packed in a manner that they cannot be damaged when being
unpacked.
10. The labels are not pasted over weapons, tools or clothing’s suspected to contain
any stains.
11. The labels should be numbered and should bear the signature of the forwarding
officer and the number and date of his letter of advice to the expert concerned.
12. The topside of the box is always indicated on the top of the box containing the
exhibits and marked ‘Handle with Care’.
13. The exhibits are sent through a special messenger as far as possible. If sent by
parcel should be properly addressed, labelled, and preferably, insured.
14. Postal regulations should be properly addressed, labelled, and preferably,
insured.
15. Postal regulations should be kept in mind while dispatching exhibits like
firearms and explosives.

Sealing
All parcels should be carefully sealed by the dispatching officers and packed in such a manner
that they cannot be opened without destroying the seals. All knots should be sealed. The
impression of the seal should be legible. The seal should be kept in safe custody of the
dispatching officer at all times. The seal could be a private or official but should never be an

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impression of keys, coins, buttons, etc. The facsimile of the seal should always be sent along
with the forwarding letter.

Forwarding
A letter of advice should be separately forwarded to the expert concerned, through a registered
post or a special messenger, in a sealed cover. A copy of this forwarding letter should be
invariably enclosed in the parcel so that the link of the exhibits with the relevant case is
maintained. The forwarding letter should contain the following particulars: -
1. Name of the police station, district, State.
2. Crime register number, and section of law.
3. Brief facts of the case to include place and circumstances of seizure.
4. Description of articles in each packet.
5. Nature of examination required.
6. Forwarding note of the officer through whom the articles are forwarded.
7. Name of the investigating officer.
8. Facsimile of the seals used on the parcel.
9. Identification particulars of the messenger carrying the parcel.
10. Certificate of authority to examine the evidence.

Chain of Evidence
The term ‘chain of evidence’ means maintaining a record of every article of evidence, from the
point of discovery at a crime scene to its collection and transport to the laboratory for
examination and its temporary storage till it is finally submitted to court. The chain of evidence
must be established whenever evidence is presented in Court as an exhibit. Otherwise, the
evidence may be inadmissible in Court. For this there must be systematic record of the names
of the persons through whom the exhibits were passed and to whom they were delivered, their
initials, time and date of receipt and delivery.
Each person in the chain of custody is responsible for the care, safekeeping, and preservation
of an item of evidence while it is under his control.

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 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to solve complex crimes: a

case report ( Michela Ferrara et al. 2019 )
Abstract Background: Self-defence is legitimate both in common law and in civil law
systems. Nevertheless, there remains the age-old question for the prosecutor to identify
the limit between the righteous self-defence and the self-defence with excessive force.
In these cases, the gathering of all evidence by a forensic multidisciplinary team is
essential to provide the necessary data for the prosecutor’s evaluation.
Case presentation: The case of a 55-year-old man who was killed in front of his
neighbour’s house is described. The prosecutor alerted the forensic team, classifying
the crime as a gunshot homicide. The neighbour immediately admitted his
responsibility as self-defence. Moreover, the relatives of the victim told a different
version of the story, assuring that the neighbour had killed him for futile motivations.
For these reasons, the prosecutor established further investigations, such as autopsy, the
K-9 unit exploration, and alerting the forensic biologist for analysis.
Conclusions: This case aims to highlight the teamwork of multidisciplinary forensic
expertise to solve complex cases; moreover, combining ultra-specialist forensic
activities, such as the K-9 unit, it is possible to collect all the evidence to submit to the
prosecutor for the formulation of judgment.

2. Crime scene investigation as distributed cognition. ( Chris Baber et al.

2006 )
Crime scene investigation is a form of Distributed Cognition. The principal concept we
explore in this paper is that of ‘resource for action’. It is proposed that crime scene
investigation employs four primary resources-for-action:-
(a.) The environment, or scene itself, which affords particular forms of search and
object retrieval.
(b.) The retrieved objects, which afford translation into evidence.
(c.) The procedures that guide investigation, which both constrain the search
activity and also provide opportunity for additional activity.
(d.) The narratives that different agents within the system produce to develop
explanatory models and formal accounts of the crime.

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 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

CASE No.: - 1 (Triple Murder Case)

Date & Time: - P/S: -
FIR/DD No: - U/S: -
Address: -

TEAM VISITED THE SPOT: -

IO stated that
(a) Main Gate Closed, opened by Neighbour’s
(b) Room gate was open which was the primary scene.
(c) Accused confessed to police about his crime and carrying a weapon which was like to be
the murder weapon.

DECEASED (a) Fig.-4

• Found dead on the floor with a pool of blood.

• Wearing white shorts at bottom while upper body was naked.
• A Ring in Index finger of right hand and a Kara in right hand.
• Deceased neck had a slit mark possible COD.
• Arterial spurting visible on the walls along with cast-off and low velocity spatter.
• There was a slit laceration from nose to right ear on the face.
• Injury on left hand radial side near wrist and a cut on middle finger of left hand
indicating defensive wounds.
• Blood pool found under the body contains both antemortem and post-mortem blood,
gives the sign of struggle before killing.
• Deceased cloths were blood stained.
DECEASED (b) Fig.-5

• A’s wife lying dead on the bed, stained in blood.

• There was a slit mark on neck probably COD
• Her right wrist and left hand had a slit laceration appear to be a defensive mark.
• She was wearing a grey T-shirt along with black lower.
• Her right arm have several laceration.
• There was a laceration on right side of face running from lips to ear.
• Another laceration on the occipital region running from right ear.
DECEASED (c) Fig.-5

• A’s daughter lying right to her mother, stained in blood.

• She was wearing yellow T-shirt along with white bloomer.
• Her throat had a slit lac probably the COD
• There were several cuts on her face along with a laceration on right side of her face.

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 • There were no defensive wounds.
CRIME SCENE Fig.-2

• There was a bloody fingerprint impression on wall. (Fig.-6)

• Several arterial spurting along with several cast-off. (Fig.-3)
• Low and medium velocity spatter were seen on walls and ceiling of the room.
• Blood trail leaving from the room to lobby’s wash basin and blood in basin indicating
killer washed his bloody hand.
• 2 bloody footprints were seen in lobby.
• Blood stain towards wall on right side till 7’6”.
• Blood stain on wall partitioning kitchen and room 1 till 5’5’.
• Blood stains on left wall of Room 1 till 6’8’.
• Blood stains on the door of Room 1 till 6’5”.
• Height of Bed: - 1’5”
Photographs: -

Fig.-2

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Fig.-4 Fig.-5

Fig.-6

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CASE No.: - 2 (Murder)
Date & Time: - P/S: -
FIR/DD No: - U/S: -
IO: -

TEAM VISITED THE SPOT AREA: -

1. An unknown dead body was recovered in an unknown area.

2. Body was completely covered in dirt and had blue denim jeans only.
3. There was a vest tied around the neck which was used as a ligature material.
4. Petechial haemorrhages were visible under the eyes.
5. Partial rigor was observed in hands, TOD may be around 12 hr.
6. Lividity has been set on upper torso.
7. The right ear was bitten off (may be by pig or dog) and several laceration and bruises
were there on the face. (Fig.-9)
8. Blood was coming out from nose and mouth.
9. There were large bruises on back and skin was dry and peeling off may be due to hot
weather. (Fig.-8)
10. Hands filled with dirt and piece of cloth.
11. 2 cigarette buds were seen near the body.
12. A stick broken from nearby tree was having traces of blood on it.
13. Several flies were there on the eaten part of ear.
14. A blue t-shirt was seen lying near the body.
Photographs: -

Fig.-7

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 Fig.-8

Fig.-9

CASE No.: - 3 (Rape Case)

Date & Time: - P/S: -
FIR/DD No: - U/S: -
IO: -

TEAM VISITED THE SPOT: -

1. Room (First Floor): -

• Black Bra and 1 pair of Black Socks on the ground.
• When we enter the room table on left side contains DUREX CONDOM (One
opened packet and three sealed, Sula Wine Bottle (750 ml)).
• On bed, 3 sealed DUREX CONDOM packet and one of her undergarments.

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 • Chair in the room in front of washroom had one his underwear on it.

2. Bathroom: - 1 used Condoms was found on commode and in one mug 4 Joint Butts and
3 Cigarette Butts. (Fig.-11)

3. Backyard: - Table consists of Empty Beer Bottle, on ground Cigarette Butts and 1 Joint
Butt was present.

Fig.-10 Fig.-11

CASE No.: - 4 (Murder)

Date & Time: - P/S: -

FIR/DD No:- U/S:- IO:-
Brief History of case: - Deceased was transported to government hospital. He was driving his
friend XUV car. He was shot by two unknown person and was dead at the scene.

TEAM VISITED THE SPOT:

1. 4 bullet holes on the windscreen which was outside to inside. (Fig.-12)

2. 1 bullet hole on driver side window shade. (Fig.-14)
3. 4 hollow bullets were stuck in co-driver door.
4. 3 jacketed bullets were stuck in back seat of the car.
5. 12 cartridge cases were recovered from the crime scene. (Fig.-15)
6. 6. Liquid blood was on the dashboard, driver, and co-driver seat.
7. 5 GSW were on the victim chest.

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Photographs: -

Fig.-12

Fig.-13

Fig.-14

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 Fig.-15

CASE No.: - 5 (Suicide by poisoning)

Date & Time: - P/S: -
FIR/DD No: - U/S: -

IO: -

I.O. stated that:

Around 11 am the hotel staff noticed he’s not picking call or answering the knocks on door.
After getting no response, they used Mastercard to open the door and found lying on the floor
near the washroom.

TEAM VISITED THE SPOT AREA:

1. A male dead body was found dead on the floor wearing white t-shirt ,purple lungi and
black underwear.
2. Rigor had been passed and liver had been set can be seen on back of the body.
3. Eyes were closed and blood coming from nose and mouth while face appearing black.
(Fig.-16)
4. Body was in a state of early decomposition as gases were trying to accumulate.
5. Traces of vomiting were spotted on the toiled seat while a handkerchief wet with vomit
was lying near the body.
6. Several packets of rat poison and sulphas were lying on the table while a used packets
of both were in the dustbin near the door.
7. No traces of any foul play.

Photographs: -

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 Fig.-16 Fig.-17

CASE No.: - 6 (Suicide by hanging)

Date & Time: - P/S:-
FIR/DD No:- U/S:-
IO:-

I.O. stated that:

A. Deceased hanged himself to the ceiling fan with a yellow nylon rope (used as
ligature material) .

B. Around 10 am the hotel staff noticed foul smell coming from his room. They knocked
the room and not getting response they used Mastercard to open the door and found a
decomposed body hanging.

TEAM VISIT THE SPOT AREA

1. Deceased was found hanging on the ceiling fan with a yellow nylon rope in the rented
hotel. (Fig.-18)
2. Deceased was wearing blue lower, blue full sleeves t-shirt and white
undergarment(banyan) .
3. Rigor had been passed and live mortis wasn’t visible due to extent of decomposition.
4. Petechial haemorrhages were visible under the eye.
5. Fluids coming from mouth and nose, eyes were bulging out , body is in state of active
decay with fluids accumulating under the skin layers.
6. Below the body was a pool of fluids and layer of left foot removed and lying on the
bed. (Fig.-19)
7. The mattress of bed was removed under the ceiling fan.

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8. Measurements: -
Height of bed: - 20”
Height of roof: - 9’
Height of deceased: - 5’4”

9. No signs of struggle or foul play seen on the crime scene.

Photographs: -

Fig.-18 Fig.-19

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CASE No.: - 1 (Triple Murder Case)

Advices to I.O: -
1. Blood swab from 4 places of deceased house.
2. Photographs of crime scene.
3. To collect fingerprints (photographs and then use of luminol).
4. To photograph bloody foot prints.
5. Use of luminol on the floor for recovering more prints.
6. Swab from basin.
7. Photographs of all blood spatter.

CASE No.: - 2 (Murder)

Advices to I.O: -
1. Photograph of the crime scene should be taken.
2. To collect Ligature Material (By hand picking).
3.To collect the nail clippings.
4.To collect broken bark of tree.
5.To collect cigarettes buds (By plastic tweezer).
6.To collect all cloth pieces.

CASE No.: - 3 (Rape Case)

Advices to I.O: -
1.Photographs of crime scene.
2. To use ALS and collect suspected stained sample.
3. To collect all the packets of condom used or unused.
4. To collect the used condoms (By forceps picking).
5. To collect all the Cigarette Butts and Joint Butts (By plastic tweezer).

CASE No.: - 4 (Murder)

Advices to I.O: -
1. Photographs of crime scene.
2. To take the blood swab from the all-possible location.
3. Collect all bullets and cartridge cases. (By forceps in plastic bag).
4. Bullets recovered from deceased body should be collected.

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CASE No.: - 5 (Suicide by poisoning)

Advices to I.O: -
1. Photograph of the crime scene should be taken.
2. Viscera sample should be collected.
3. Vomit and handkerchief should be collected.
4. Controlled substance should be collected.

CASE No.: - 6 (Suicide Case)

Advices to I.O: -
1. Photographs of crime scene.
2. To collect Ligature Material (By hand picking).

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 CONCLUSION
The main use of forensic laboratory is for the purpose of law enforcement to investigate crimes
such as murder, sexual assault or frauds. Forensic scientists are also involved in the
investigation of accidents happening due to plane, train crash so that they may come to know
about that whether it happened co-incidentally or a result of foul play or any kind of strategy.
The techniques developed or can say invented by forensic scientist are now a days also used by
the army officers to analyse the possibility of chemical weapons, high explosives or to test the
propellant stabilizers. Whenever, we give the result regarding documents we always talk about
probability that too can vary according to the different forensic experts and their working
experience in the particular fields. In the rest of the fields we simply talk about the result that
may be either positive or negative. In criminal cases accused are convicted on the basis of
testimony from the forensic science experts, therefore much depend upon the reliability of
evidence presented before the court of law.

Therefore, it should be highly recommended that law enforcement officials and the members
of the society must take part in keeping safe the evidence and assuring that forensic techniques
are reliable.

And to conduct the tests and report the examination of various physical evidences in the
forensic science laboratory the forensic student or the future forensic expert must know
how to conduct the examination properly and safely and most important with unbiasedness
and honesty.

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 FUTURE PROSPECTS
The growing role and importance of DNA and other forensic evidence in the criminal justice
system means that crime scene investigators should continue to be in demand across law
enforcement agencies. Federal projections call for approximately 2,600 additional jobs for
crime scene investigators through 2026.

With assignments in the field and in the laboratory, forensic science offers a variety of positions
in a profession where the duties seldom are the same from day-to-day but instead change based
upon the nature of the criminal case being investigated.

Also known as forensic science technicians, crime scene investigators collect and catalog
physical evidence, such as fingerprints, clothing fibers and weapons. They perform ballistics
tests, review crime scene photographs and conduct laboratory testing. They may also compare
physical evidence, such as fingerprints found at a crime scene, against an existing database of
previous offenders.

Crime scene investigators must produce meticulous reports to be used in ongoing criminal
probes and prosecutions, and they often are required to testify in depositions, hearings and
trials.

Job Outlook and Salary Range for Crime Scene Investigators

There were more than 15,400 crime scene investigators, also known as forensic science
technicians, employed nationwide in 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS)
reported. The BLS projects 17% employment growth through 2026. Much of the increase may
be driven by technological advances that have made crime scene forensics more prevalent
across the country.

The average annual salary for a crime scene investigator was $61,220 in May 2017, according
to the BLS. Those working for federal law enforcement agencies had a significantly higher
average wage – $105,650 annually. For crime scene investigators employed by local and state
government agencies the average was between $60,000 and $62,000.

Salary potential and job opportunities typically vary based on various factors, including local
market conditions, and an individual’s work experience and educational qualifications.

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 REFERENCES
1. Nabar, B. S. (2001). Forensic Science in crime investigation. Asia Law House.

2. Sharma, B. R. (1990). Forensic science in criminal investigation and trials. Central Law
Agency.

3. Ferrara, M., Sessa, F., Rendine, M., Spagnolo, L., De Simone, S., Riezzo, I., ... &
Maglietta, F. (2019). A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to solve complex
crimes: a case report. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 9(1), 11.

4. Baber, C., Smith, P., Cross, J., Hunter, J. E., & McMaster, R. (2006). Crime scene
investigation as distributed cognition. Pragmatics & Cognition, 14(2), 357-385.

5. Nickell, J., & Fischer, J. F. (2013). Crime science: methods of forensic detection.
University Press of Kentucky.

6. Fisher, B. A., & Fisher, D. R. (2003). Techniques of crime scene investigation. CRC
press.

7. Inbau, F. E., Moenssens, A. A., & Vitullo, L. R. (1972). Scientific police investigation.
Chilton Book Company.

8. Evans, M. M., & Stagner, P. A. (2003). Maintaining the chain of custody evidence
handling in forensic cases. AORN journal, 78(4), 563-569.

9. Birzer, M. L. (2011). Crime Scene Search. Introduction to Criminal Investigation, 35.

10. https://www.forensicscolleges.com/careers/crime-scene-investigator

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