2 Laws of Integral Indices

Solutions (Basic)
4

2 Laws of Integral Indices  t 13 

(b)  5  = (t 13 − 5 ) 4
t 
Basic Worksheet 2.1 = (t 8 ) 4
1. (a) a9  a13 = a 9 +13 = t 8 4
= a 22 = t 32

1 7. (a) (5 p 4  2 p 2 )3 = (10 p 4+ 2 )3
(b) b 7  b15 =
b15 − 7 = (10 p 6 )3
1
= 8 = 103 ( p 6 )3
b = 1000 p 63
= 1000 p18
2. (a) 2 a 3  a 6 = 2  a 3+ 6
= 2a 9 3
 6a 2   2 
3
(b)  6  =  6−2 
(b) − b7  8b5 = −8  b7+5  3a   a 
3
= − 8b12  2 
= 4 
a 
12r 10 23
3. (a) = 3r 10−5 = 4 3
4r 5 (a )
= 3r 5 8
= 43
a
8
6 m8 = 12
(b) 6m8  27 m14 = a
27m14
2
= (q 2 )3  4q 6 = q 23  4q 6
9m14−8 8. (a)
2 = q 6  4q 6
=
9m 6 = 4q 6+ 6
= 4q12
4. (a) 2n3  4n 2  n = 8n3+ 2+1
= 8n6 − 8b 4 − 8b 4
(b) = 25
(b 2 )5 b
15v10  2v 15  2 10 +1− 3 − 8b 4
(b) = v =
3v3 3 b10
= 10v8 8
= − 10−4
b
5. (a) (m4 )2 = m42 8
=− 6
= m8 b

(b) ( p ) = p
3 7 37 9. (a) (3 y 2 ) 4 = 34 ( y 2 ) 4
= p 21 = 81y 24
= 81y 8
3+ 5 2
6. (a) (y  y ) = (y
3 5 2
)
= (y ) 8 2
(b) (e f ) = (e ) ( f )
4 3 2 4 2 3 2
82
=y = e42 f 32
=y 16
= e8 f 6

10. (a) (−k 4 )3 = (−1)3 ( k 4 )3

= − k 4 3
= −k 12

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 2 Laws of Integral Indices

(b) (−2c d ) = (−2) (c ) (d )

6 2 3 3 6 3 2 3 3
 k2  ( k 2 )3
(b)    9k 2 =
  9k 2
= −8c 63d 23  −3 (−3)3
= −8c18d 6 k 23
=  9k 2
− 27
3
 n 4  (n 4 )3 k 6+ 2
11. (a)   = 3 =−
 2 
  2 3
43 k8
=
n =−
8 3
n12
=
8
Basic Worksheet 2.2
4 1. (a) False (b) True (c) True
 3b 2  34 (b 2 ) 4
(b)  5  =
 c  (c 5 ) 4 (d) False (e) False
81b 24
= 54
c 2. (a) (−6)0 = 1
81b8
= 20
c 1
(b) 4 − 3 =
43
1
=
5
 2k 3   2 
5
12. (a)  4  =  4−3  64
 −k   −k 
5
 2 
=  1 1
 −k  3. (a) =
2 −3 1
25
= 23
(−1)5 k 5
= 23
32
=− 5 =8
k

−3 1
3 3 (b) (−2) =
 p10   p10 − 6  (−2)3
(b)  6 
= 
 −3 p   −3  1
3
=−
 p4  8
= 
 −3  −1
p 4 3 1 1
= 4. (a)   =1
( −3)3 6
6
p12 =6
=−
27
−2
2 1
8 z10 (b)   =
13. (a) 8 z10  (2 z 4 ) 2 = 2 4 2 3 2
2
2 (z )  
3
8 z10
= 1
4 z 4 2 = 2
2
2 z10
= 8 32
z
1
= 2 z10 −8 =
4
= 2z2 9
9
=
4

5. (a) 7 −5  73 = 7 −5+3
= 7 −2
1
= 2
7
1
=
49

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 2 Laws of Integral Indices

(b) 8 −3  8 −1 = 8 −3−( −1) 9. (a) (a 4 ) −5 = a 4( −5)

= 8 −2 = a − 20
1 1
= 2 =
8 a 20
1
=
64 1
(b) (2 x −2 ) −1 =
2 x −2
6. (a) 2 −4  40 = 2 −4  1 x2
=
= 2−4 2
1
= −3
24  1  1
1 10. (a)  2  = 2 −3
=  p  ( p )
16
1
= 2( −3)
p
1 1
(b) 6−2  (−3) −2 =  1
62 (−3) 2 = −6
p
1 1
=  = p6
36 9
1
= 9
36 1
(b) = ( − m3 ) 4
1 (−m3 )−4
=
4 = (−1) 4 (m3 ) 4
= m3 4
1 1
7. (a) 3−3 + 3−1  110 = 3 +  1 = m12
3 3
1 1
= + x −4  x −2
27 3 11. (a) = x − 4+ ( −2) −( −9)
10 x −9
=
27 = x3

(b) 16−2  26 = (24 ) −2  26 a −10 a −10

(b) −4 2
= −8
= 24( −2)  26 (a ) a
= 2−8  26 = a −10−( −8)
= 2−8 + 6 = a −2
= 2−2 1
= 2
1 a
= 2
2
1 k −6 k −6 − 4
= 12. (a) 3 4
= 3
4 h k h
k −10
= 3
8. (a) p 2  p −6 = p 2+( −6 ) h
1
= p −4 = 3 10
h k
1
=
p4
m −2 n −4
(b) = m − 2−( −3) n − 4− 4
12b −8 m −3 n 4
(b) 12b −8  3b5 = = mn −8
3b5
= 4b −8−5 m
= 8
n
= 4b −13
4
= 13
b 13. (a) (u 0 v −5 ) −4 = (1  v −5 ) −4
= (v − 5 ) − 4
= v −5( −4)
= v 20

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 2 Laws of Integral Indices

y y 4. (a) 8.19  10 −3 = 8.19  0.001

(b) =
−7
( x y 5 )3 ( x −7 )3 ( y 5 )3 = 0.008 19
y
= −73 53
x y (b) − 7.601 10 −5 = −7.601 0.000 01
y = − 0.000 076 01
= −21 15
x y
x 21
= 5. (a) 82 375 = 8.2375  10(4)
y15 −1
= 8.24  104 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
x 21
= 14
y
(b) 0.054 971 = 5.4971 10−2

−2
= 5.50  10−2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 ut −4  u −2 (t −4 ) −2
14. (a)   =
 3  3−2
6. (a) 4623  1014 = 4.623  10(3)  1014
−2 ( −4) ( −2)
u t
= = 4.623  1017
3−2
= 4.62  1017 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
u −2 t 8
= −2
3
9t 8 (b) −0.008 377 6  10−5 = −8.3776  10−3  10−5
= 2
u = −8.3776  10−8
= −8.38  10−8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

1
(b) (−4d −2e3 ) −3 = 7. (1.25  1011 )  (6  10 −4 ) = 1.25  6  1011  10 −4
(−4d −2e3 )3
1 = 7.5  1011+ ( −4)
=
(−4)3 ( d −2 )3 (e3 )3 = 7.5  10 7
1
=
(−4)3 d −23e33
12  10 −5
1 8. (12  10 −5 )  (8  10 3 ) =
= 8  10 3
−64d −6e9
12
d6 =  10 −5−3
=− 8
64e9
= 1.5  10 −8

Basic Worksheet 2.3 9. 7.6  1010 + 9.5  1010 = [(7.6) + (9.5)]  1010
1. (a) 600 000 = (6)  100 000 = 17.1  1010
= (6)  10 (5)
= 1.71  1011

(b) 75 000 000 = 7.5  10 000 000

10. 4.5  10−4 − 2.1 10−4 = (4.5 − 2.1)  10−4
= 7.5  107
= 2.4  10−4

2. (a) 0.0048 = (4.8)  0.001 11. 7.85  10 − 5.2  10 = 7.85  10 − (0.52)  10

7 6 7 7

= (4.8)  10( −3) = (7.85 − 0.52)  107

= 7.33  107
(b) −0.000 465 7 = −4.657  0.0001
= −4.657  10−4 12. 6.22  109 + 3.5  108 = 6.22  109 + 0.35  109
= (6.22 + 0.35)  109
3. (a) 3.6  104 = 3.6  10 000 = 6.57  109
= 36 000
13. 3.21  10 −11 + 0.4  10 −10 = 7.21  10 −11
(b) 2.712  10 = 2.712  1 000 000
6

= 2 712 000
3.45  1017
14. = 1.38  10 27
2.5  10 −10

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 2 Laws of Integral Indices

15. 63 150 000 000 − 2 973 000 000 = 6.0177  1010 (b) 10012 = 1 23 + 0  2 2 + 0  21 + 1  2 0
= 8 + 0 + 0 +1
= 910
16. 0.000 001 5  0.000 000 654 = 9.81 10−13

(c) 111012 = 1 2 4 + 1 2 3 + 1 2 2 + 0  21 + 1 2 0
17. Radius = 695 700 000 m = 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1
= 6.957  108 m = 2910

18. Diameter = 0.000 001 3 m 8. (a)

= 1.3  10−6 m remainder
2 22
2 11 ……0
Basic Worksheet 2.4
2 5 ……1
1. (a) Digit 3 1 2 2 2 ……1
Place value 10 2
10 1
100 1 ……0
∴ 2210 = 10110 2
(b) Digit 7 8 0 5 6
Place value 104 103 102 101 100 (b)
remainder
2 51
2. (a) 246810 = (2) 10(3) + (4) 10(2) + (6) 10(1) + (8) 10(0) 2 25 ……1
2 12 ……1
(b) 10 25710 = 1  10 4 + 0  103 + 2  10 2 + 5  101 + 7  100 2 6 ……0
2 3 ……0
1 ……1
3. (a) 5 104 + 9 103 + 7 102 + 0 10 + 3 = 59 70310
∴ 5110 = 110011 2

(b) 8  105 + 2  102 + 6  10 + 1

= 8  105 + 0  104 + 0  103 + 2  10 2 + 6  101 + 1  100
= 800 26110

4. (a) Digit 1 1 0 0
Place value 23 22 21 20

(b) Digit 1 0 1 1 0 1
Place value 25 24 23 22 21 20

(a) 11102 = (1)  2 + (1)  2 + (1)  2 + (0)  2

(3) (2) (1) (0)
5.

(b) 101002 = 1  2 4 + 0  23 + 1  2 2 + 0  21 + 0  2 0

(a) 1  2 + 1  2 + 1  2
4 2
6.
= (1)  2 + (0)  23 + (1)  22 + (1)  21 + (0)  20
4

= (10110)2

(b) 2 6 + 2 4 + 23 + 1
= 1  26 + 0  25 + 1  2 4 + 1  23 + 0  2 2 + 0  21 + 1  20
= 10110012

7. (a) 1002 = (1)  2(2) + (0)  2(1) + (0)  2(0)

= (4) + (0) + (0)
= (4)10

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