Exercise No. 14.

Multiple Choice Questions:

Write the correct answer in each of the following:

1. The class mark of the class 90-120 is:

(A) 90
(B) 105
(C) 115
(D) 120

Solution:
According to the question,
Upper limit = 120 and lower limit = 90,
Now, the class mark will be calculated as follows:
Upper class  Lower class
Class mark 
2
120  90

2
210

2
 105
Hence, the correct option is (B).

2. The range of the data:

25, 18, 20, 22, 16, 6, 17, 15, 12, 30, 32, 10, 19, 8, 11, 20 is
(A) 10
(B) 15
(C) 18
(D) 26

Solution:
Consider the data set:
25, 18, 20, 22, 16, 6, 17, 15, 12, 30, 32, 10, 19, 8, 11, 20
Now, in the given data:
Minimum value of data set = 6
Maximum value of data set = 32

As, Range = Maximum value of data set - Minimum value of data set
Range = 32 – 6
Range = 26
Hence, the correct option is (D).

3. In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class is 10 and the width

of the class is 6. The lower limit of the class is:
(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 8
(D) 12

Solution:
Given: Mid-value = 10
Range = 6
Let upper class and lower class of the interval are x and y respectively.
Now,
Upper class  Lower class
Mid-value 
2
x y
10 
2
x  y  20 … (I)

As, Range = Maximum value of data set - Minimum value of data set
6=x–y
x–y=6 …(II)

Adding equation (I) and (II), get:

x + y + (x –y) + 20 + 6
2x = 26
26
x
2
x  13

Putting the value of x in equation (I), get:

13 + y = 20
y = 20 – 13
y=7
Hence, the correct option is (B).

4. The width of each of five continuous classes in a frequency distribution is

5 and the lower class-limit of the lowest class is 10. The upper class-limit of
the highest class is:
(A) 15
(B) 25
(C) 35
(D) 40
Solution:
Given: Lower class limit = 10
Width = 5
As, we know that, width = Upper class limit - Lower class limit
So, Upper class limit = 10 + 5
Upper class limit = 15

Since, the five continuous classes are:

10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, and 30-35
Therefore, the upper class limit of the highest class is 35.
Hence, the correct option is (C).

5. Let m be the mid-point and l be the upper class limit of a class in a

continuous frequency distribution. The lower class limit of the class is :
(A) 2m + l
(B) 2m – l
(C) m – l
(D) m – 2l

Solution:
Given:
Mid-point = m
Upper class limit = l
Upper class limit + Lower class limit
As, we know that, mid-point =
2
So,
l +Lower class limit
m
2
l +Lower class limit  2m
Lower class limit  2m  l
Hence, the correct option is (B).

6. The class marks of a frequency distribution are given as follows:

15, 20, 25, ...
The class corresponding to the class mark 20 is:
(A) 12.5 – 17.5
(B) 17.5 – 22.5
(C) 18.5 – 21.5
(D) 19.5 – 20.5

Solution:
Given: the class marks are: 15, 20, 25…
The size of the each class interval is: 25 – 20 = 20 – 15 = 5
Therefore, the class interval corresponding to the class mark 20 is:
20 – 2.5 – (20+2.5) that is 17.5 – 22.5
Hence, the correct option is (B).

7. In the class intervals 10-20, 20-30, the number 20 is included in:

(A) 10-20
(B) 20-30
(C) Both the intervals
(D) None of these intervals

Solution:
In the class intervals 10-20, 20-30, the number 20 is included in 20 – 30.
Hence, the correct option is (B).

8. A grouped frequency table with class intervals of equal sizes using 250-
270 (270 not included in this interval) as one of the class interval is
constructed for the following data:
268, 220, 368, 258, 242, 310, 272, 342,
310, 290, 300, 320, 319, 304, 402, 318,
406, 292, 354, 278, 210, 240, 330, 316,
406, 215, 258, 236.
The frequency of the class 310-330 is:
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7

Solution:
Given data set is,
268, 220, 368, 258, 242, 310, 272, 342,
310, 290, 300, 320, 319, 304, 402, 318,
406, 292, 354, 278, 210, 240, 330, 316,
406, 215, 258, 236

The observation corresponding to class 310 – 330 are class 310, 310, 320, 319, 318, 316 that
is 6 observations.
So, the frequency of the class 310 – 330 is 6.
Hence, the correct option is (B).

9. A grouped frequency distribution table with classes of equal sizes using

63-72
(72 included) as one of the class is constructed for the following data:
30, 32, 45, 54, 74, 78, 108, 112, 66, 76, 88,
40, 14, 20, 15, 35, 44, 66, 75, 84, 95, 96,
102, 110, 88, 74, 112, 14, 34, 44.
The number of classes in the distribution will be:
(A) 9
(B) 10
(C) 11
(D) 12

Solution:
Consider the data set:
30, 32, 45, 54, 74, 78, 108, 112, 66, 76, 88,
40, 14, 20, 15, 35, 44, 66, 75, 84, 95, 96,
102, 110, 88, 74, 112, 14, 34, 44.

So, in the above given data set:

Minimum value = 14
Maximum value = 112
Since, the class are:
13 -22, 23, 32, 33-42, 43-52, 53-62, 63-72, 73-82, 83-92, 93-102 and 103 -112.
Since, the number of class in the distribution is 10.

10. To draw a histogram to represent the following frequency distribution:

Class 5-10 10-15 15-25 25-45 45-75
interval
Frequency 6 12 10 8 15
the adjusted frequency for the class 25-45 is :
(A) 6
(B) 5
(C) 3
(D) 2

Solution:
The adjusted frequency for the class 25 – 45 will be:
Frequency of the class
  Minimum width
Class width
8
= 5
20
2
Hence, the correct option is (D).

11. The mean of five numbers is 30. If one number is excluded, their mean
becomes 28. The excluded number is:
(A) 28
(B) 30
(C) 35
(D) 38

Solution:
Given: The mean of five numbers is 30.
Mean = 28
Sum of the five numbers = 30  5  150
Suppose that the excluded number be a. So,
Sum of four data point = 150 - a

Sum of all data points

The formula of the mean is: Mean 
Number of data points
Now,
150  a
28 
4
150  a  28  4
150  a  112
a  150  112
a  38
Hence, the correct option is (D).

12. If the mean of the observations:

x, x + 3, x + 5, x + 7, x + 10
is 9, the mean of the last three observations is
1
(A) 10
3
2
(B) 10
3
1
(C) 11
3
2
(D) 11
3

Solution:
Consider the data set:
x, x + 3, x + 5, x + 7, x + 10
Mean = 9
Sum of all data points
The formula of the mean is: Mean 
Number of data points
 x  x  3  x  5  x  7  x  10
9
5
5 x  25  45
5 x  45  25
5 x  20
x4
So, last three observation at x =4 are: 4+5=9, 4 + 7 =11, and 4 +10 =14.

Now, the mean of last three observation is:

9  11  14
Mean 
3
34

3
1
 11
3
Hence, the correct option is (C).

13. If x represents the mean of n observations x1, x2, ..., xn, then value of
  x  x
n

i is:
i 1

(A) –1
(B) 0
(C) 1
(D) n – 1

Solution:
The formula of the mean  x  is:
n

x i
x i 1

n
n

x
i 1
i  nx … (I)

Here, n is total number of observation.

  x  x  is calculated as follows:
n
The value of i
i 1

  x  x   x   x
n n n

i i
i 1 i 1 i 1

Now, from equation (I), get:

  x  x   nx   x
n n

i
i 1 i 1
n
 nx  x 1
i 1

 nx  nx
0
Hence, the correct option is (B).

14. If each observation of the data is increased by 5, then their mean

(A) remains the same
(B) becomes 5 times the original mean
(C) is decreased by 5
(D) is increased by 5

Solution:
The formula of the mean  x  is:
n

x i
x i 1

Now, according to the question: let new mean is xNew .

xNew 
 x1  5   x2  5  ...   xn  5
n
x  x  ...  xn  5n
 1 2
n
x  x  ...  xn 5n
 1 2 
n n
xNew  x  5
Therefore, the new mean is increased by 5.
Hence, the correct option is (D).

15. Let x be the mean of x1, x2, ... , xn and y the mean of y1, y2, ... , yn. If z
is the mean of x1, x2, ... , xn, y1, y2, ... , yn, then z is equal to
(A) x  y
x y
(B)
2
x y
(C)
n
x y
(D)
2n
Solution:
The formula of the mean  x  is:
n

x i
x i 1

Now, according to the question:

x  x  ...  xn
x 1 2 …(I)
n
And :
y  y2  ...  yn
y 1 …(II)
n
Then,
x  x  ...  xn  y1  y2  ...  yn
z 1 2
2n
1  x  x  ...  xn y1  y2  ...  yn 
z  1 2  
2 n n 

Now, by equations (I) and (II):

xy
z
2n
Hence, the correct option is (D).

16. If x is the mean of x1, x2, ... , xn, then for a ≠ 0, the mean of
x1 x2 x
ax1 , ax2 ,....axn , , ,..., n is
a a a
(A)  a   x
1
 a

(B)  a  
1 x
 a2

(C)  a  
1 x
 an
 1
a   x
(D)  a 
2n

Solution:
Given: x is the mean of x1, x2, ... , xn.
Then,
x  x  ...  xn
x 1 2
n
 x1 x2 x
Let the mean of the data set ax1 , ax2 ,....axn , , ,..., n is y . So,
a a a
x1 x2 x
ax1  ax2  ...  axn    ...  n
y a a a
2n
1
a  x1  x2  ...  xn    x1  x2  ...  xn 
y a
2n
 1
 a    x1  x2  ...  xn 
y
a
2n

From equation (I):

 1
a   x
y
a
2
Hence, the correct option is (B).

17. If x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., xn are the means of n groups with n1 , n2 ,..., ni number of

observations respectively, then the mean x of all the groups taken together
is given by:
n
(A) n x
i 1
i i

n x i i
(B) i 1

n2
n

n x i i
(C) i 1
n

n
i 1
i

n x i i
(D) i 1

2n

Solution:
The formula of the mean  x  is:
n

x i
x i 1

n
Now, according to the question:
 Exercise No. 14.2
Short Answer Questions with Reasoning:
1. The frequency distribution:
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-100
Number 10 15 20 25
of
students
has been represented graphically as follows:

Do you think this representation is correct? Why?

Solution:
The class of the frequency distribution table is not uniform width.
Hence, this representation is not correct.

2. In a diagnostic test in mathematics given to students, the following

marks (out of 100) are recorded:
46, 52, 48, 11, 41, 62, 54, 53, 96, 40, 98, 44
Which ‘average’ will be a good representative of the above data and why?

Solution:
Consider the data set:
46, 52, 48, 11, 41, 62, 54, 53, 96, 40, 98, 44
Median will be a good representative of the given data. Because:

1. Each value occurs once.

2. The data is influenced by extreme values.

3. A child says that the median of 3, 14, 18, 20, 5 is 18. What doesn’t the
child understand about finding the median?
Solution:
When we have to find out the median of the data set, then first we have to arrange them in
ascending order or descending order.

4. A football player scored the following number of goals in the 10 matches:

1, 3, 2, 5, 8, 6, 1, 4, 7, 9
Since the number of matches is 10 (an even number), therefore, the median
5th observation  6 th observation

2
86
 7
2
Is it the correct answer and why?

Solution:
The calculated answer is not correct.
Before finding the median, first, data have to arrange in ascending or descending order.

5. Is it correct to say that in a histogram, the area of each rectangle is

proportional to the class size of the corresponding class interval? If not,
correct the statement.

Solution:
As we know that in a histogram, the area of each rectangle is proportional to the
corresponding frequency of its class.
Hence, the given statement is not correct.

6. The class marks of a continuous distribution are:

1.04, 1.14, 1.24, 1.34, 1.44, 1.54 and 1.64
Is it correct to say that the last interval will be 1.55 - 1.73? Justify your
answer.

Solution:
The difference between two consecutive class marks should be equal to the class size. Since,
difference between two consecutive marks is 0.1 and class size of 1.55-1.73 is 0.18, which
are not equal.
Hence, the given statement is not correct.

7. 30 children were asked about the number of hours they watched TV

programmes last week. The results are recorded as under:
Number 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20
of hours
Frequency 8 16 4 2
 Statistics and Probability
Can we say that the number of children who watched TV for 10 or more
hours a week is 22? Justify your answer.

Solution:
The number of children who watched TV for 10 or more hour in week is = 4 + 2 that is 6.
Hence, the given statement is false.

8. Can the experimental probability of an event be a negative number? If

not, why?

Solution:
The number of trials in which the event can happen cannot be negative and the total number
of trials is always positive.
Hence, the given statement is false.

9. Can the experimental probability of an event be greater than 1? Justify

your answer.

Solution:
The number of trials in which the event can happen cannot be greater than the total number of
trials.
Hence, the given statement is false.

10. As the number of tosses of a coin increases, the ratio of the number of
1
heads to the total number of tosses will be . Is it correct? If not, write the
2
correct one.

Solution:
The number of coin increases, the ratio of the number of heads to the total number of tosses
1 1
will be nearer to but not exactly .
2 2
Hence, the given statement is false.
 Exercise No. 14.3

Short Answer Questions:

1. The blood groups of 30 students are recorded as follows:
A, B, O, A, AB, O, A, O, B, A, O, B, A, AB, B, A, AB, B,
A, A, O, A, AB, B, A, O, B, A, B, A
Prepare a frequency distribution table for the data.

Solution:
A frequency distribution table for the given data is given below:

2. The value of π upto 35 decimal places is given below:

3. 14159265358979323846264338327950288
Make a frequency distribution of the digits 0 to 9 after the decimal point.

Solution:
A frequency distribution table for the given data is given below:

3. The scores (out of 100) obtained by 33 students in a mathematics test are

as follows:
69, 48, 84, 58, 48, 73, 83, 48, 66, 58, 84 000
66, 64, 71, 64, 66, 69, 66, 83, 66, 69, 71
81, 71, 73, 69, 66, 66, 64, 58, 64, 69, 69
Represent this data in the form of a frequency distribution.

Solution:
A frequency distribution table for the given data is given below:

4. Prepare a continuous grouped frequency distribution from the following

data:
Mid-point Frequency
5 4
15 8
25 13
35 12
45 6
Also find the size of class intervals.

Solution:
The common difference of mid-point = 15 – 5 =10.
Let lower limit is a. So, upper limit will be = a +10
As we know that:
Lower limit+Upper limit
Mid value 
2
a  a  10
5
2
2a  10  10
2a  10  10
a0
Therefore, the first interval is 0-10.
Now, a frequency distribution table for the given data is given below:
5. Convert the given frequency distribution into a continuous grouped
frequency distribution:
Class interval Frequency
150-153 7
154-157 7
158-161 15
162-165 10
166-169 5
170-173 6
In which intervals would 153.5 and 157.5 be included?

Solution:
See the given table in the question:
Upper limit of class interval 150-153 is 153. And lower limit of class interval 154-157 is 154.
Now, difference between upper and lower limit will be = 154 – 153 = 1
So, half of the difference = 0.5

Therefore, we have to subtracted 0.5 from each lower limit and add 0.5 to each upper limit.
Hence, the table for continuous grouped frequency distribution is given below:

Thus, 153.5 and 157.5 would use in the class intervals 153.5-157.5 and 157.5-161.5,
respectively.

6. The expenditure of a family on different heads in a month is given below:

Head Food Education Clothing House Others Saving
rent s
 Expend 4000 2500 1000 3500 2500 1500
iture
(in Rs.)
Draw a bar graph to represent the data above.

Solution:
We represent the head variable on the x-axis and expenditure on the y-axis.
Let choose the scale as 1 unit = Rs. 500
To represent our first head that is,food, we draw a rectangular bar with width 1 unit and
height 8 units.
1
Similarly, other heads are represented by leaving a gap of unit in between two consecutive
2
bars.
The bar graph for given data is shown below:

7. Expenditure on Education of a country during a five year period (2002-

2006), in crores of rupees, is given below:
Elementary education 240
Secondary education 120
University education 190
Teacher’s training 20
Social education 10
Other educational programmes 115
Cultural programmes 25
Technical education 125
Represent the information above by a bar graph.
Solution:
We represent the education of a country as a variable on the x-axis and expenditure on the y-
axis.
The maximum expenditure is Rs. 240crore. So, we can choose the scale as 1 unit = Rs. 25
crore.
To represent our first education of a country that is, elementary education, we draw a
rectangular bar with width 1 unit and height 9.6 units.
1
Similarly, other heads are represented by leaving gap of unit in between two consecutive
2
bars.
The bar graph for given data is shown below:

8. The following table gives the frequency of most commonly used letters a,
e, i, o, r, t, u from a page of a book:
Letters a e i o r t u
Frequency 75 125 80 70 80 95 75
Represent the information above by a bar graph.
Solution:
We represent the letter as a variable on the x-axis and frequency on the y-axis.
According to the given table, we can choose the scale as 1 unit = 15 frequency.
To represent our first letter that is, a, we draw a rectangular bar with width 1 unit and height 5
units.
1
Similarly, other heads are represented by leaving a gap of unit in between two consecutive
2
bars.
The bar graph for given data is shown below

9. If the mean of the following data is 20.2, find the value of p:

x 10 15 20 25 30
f 6 8 p 10 6

Solution:
Consider the data:

x 10 15 20 25 30
f 6 8 p 10 6

As we know that:
n

fx i i
Mean of the data  x   i 1
n

f
i 1
i

So,
 f1 x1  f 2 x2  f3 x3  f 4 x4  f5 x5
20.2 
f1  f 2  f3  f 4  f5
6 10  8 15  p  20  10  25  6  30
20.2 
6  8  p  10  6
60  120  20 p  250  180
20.2 
30  p
20 p  610  606  20.2 p
610  606  0.2 p
2p
4
10
p  10  2
p  20
Therefore, the value of p is 20.

10. Obtain the mean of the following distribution:

Frequency Variable
4 4
8 6
14 8
11 10
3 12

Solution:
As we know that:
n

fx i i
Mean of the data  x   i 1
n

f
i 1
i

So,
4  4  8  6  14  8  1110  3 12

4  8  14  11  3
16  48  112  110  36

40
322

40
 8.05
Hence, the mean of the given data set is 8.05.

11. A class consists of 50 students out of which 30 are girls. The mean of
marks scored by girls in a test is 73 (out of 100) and that of boys is 71.
Determine the mean score of the whole class.
Solution:
Given: In a class consists of 50 students out of which 30 are girls.
So, number of boys in the class = 50 - 30 = 20
Now, the marks obtained by 30 girls = 30 x 73 = 2190
And the marks obtained by 20 boys = 20 x 71 = 1420
Then, mean score of the whole class will be calculated as follows:
Marks obtained by 30 girls + Marks obtained by 20 girls
Mean 
Number of girls  Number of boys
2190  1420

50
3610

50
 72.2
Hence, mean of the whole class is 72.2.

12. Mean of 50 observations was found to be 80.4. But later on, it was
discovered that 96 was misread as 69 at one place. Find the correct mean.

Solution:
Given, the mean of 50 observations = 80.4
The formula of the mean  x  is:
n

x i
x i 1

n
So, sum of 50 observations = 80.4 x 50 = 4020
Now, according to the question, 96 was misread as 69 at one place.
Therefore, the correct mean will be =
Sum of 50 observations   69  96
50
4020  69  96

50
4047

50
 80.94
Hence, the correct mean is 80.94.

13. Ten observations 6, 14, 15, 17, x + 1, 2x – 13, 30, 32, 34, 43 are written in
an ascending order. The median of the data is 24. Find the value of x.

Solution:
Consider the data set:
6, 14, 15, 17, x + 1, 2x – 13, 30, 32, 34, 43
Since, n is even. So, median will be calculated as follows:
 th th
n n 
  observation    1 observation
Median   
2 2 
2
th th
 10   10 
  observation    1 observation
 
2  2 
2
 5 observation   6  observation
th th


2
x  1  2 x  13
24 
2
3 x  12  48
3 x  60
x  20
Hence, the value of x is 20.

14. The points scored by a basketball team in a series of matches are as

follows:
17, 2, 7, 27, 25, 5, 14, 18, 10, 24, 48, 10, 8, 7, 10, 28
Find the median and mode for the data.

Solution:
Consider the data set:
17, 2, 7, 27, 25, 5, 14, 18, 10, 24, 48, 10, 8, 7, 10, 28
Let arrange the given points scored in ascending order, get:
2, 5, 7, 7, 8,10, 10, 10, 14, 17,18, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48

Number of given observation in this data set is 16 that is even. So, median will be calculated
as follows:
th th
n n 
  observation    1 observation
Median   
2 2 
2
th th
 16   16 
  observation    1 observation
 
2  2 
2
8 observation   9  observation
th th


2
10  14

2
24

2
 12
As we know that, mode is the observation which is repeated maximum number of times that
is 10.
Hence, median and mode for the given data are 12 and 10, respectively.

15. In Fig. 14.2, there is a histogram depicting daily wages of workers in a

factory.
Construct the frequency distribution table.

Solution:
See the above histogram that class interval start from 150-200, 200-250, having width.
The frequency distribution table is given below:

16. A company selected 4000 households at random and surveyed them to

find out a relationship between income level and the number of television
sets in a home. The information so obtained is listed in the following table:
Monthly Number of televisions/household
income (in
Rs.) 0 1 2 Above 2

<10000 20 80 10 0
10000-14999 10 240 60 0
15000-19999 0 380 120 30
20000-24999 0 520 370 80
25000 and 0 1100 760 220
 Exercise No. 14.4

Long Answer Questions:

1. The following are the marks (out of 100) of 60 students in mathematics.
16, 13, 5, 80, 86, 7, 51, 48, 24, 56, 70, 19, 61, 17, 16, 36, 34, 42, 34, 35, 72, 55,
75, 31, 52, 28,72, 97, 74, 45, 62, 68, 86, 35, 85, 36, 81, 75, 55, 26, 95, 31, 7, 78,
92, 62, 52, 56, 15, 63,25, 36, 54, 44, 47, 27, 72, 17, 4, 30.
Construct a grouped frequency distribution table with width 10 of each
class starting from 0 - 9.

Solution:
Arranging the given data in ascending order, get:
4, 5, 7, 7,13,15,16,16,17,17,19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31,31,34, 34, 35, 35, 36, 36, 36, 42, 44,
45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 52, 54, 55, 55, 56, 56, 61,62, 62, 63, 68, 70, 72, 72, 72, 74, 75, 75, 78, 80,
81,85, 86, 86, 92, 95, 97
Now, arrange the given data set into class interval like 0-9, 10-19,...So, the class width in
each case is 10.
The frequency distribution of the given data is given below:

2. Refer to Q1 above. Construct a grouped frequency distribution table

with width 10 of each class, in such a way that one of the classes is 10 - 20
(20 not included).

Solution:
Arrange the given data into class interval 0-10, 10-20,…The class width in each case is 10.
The frequency distribution of the given data is given below:

3. Draw a histogram of the following distribution:

Heights (in cm) Number of students
150-153 7
153-156 8
156-159 14
159-162 10
162-165 6
165-168 5

Solution:
Histogram which represents the given frequency distribution is shown below:
4. Draw a histogram to represent the following grouped frequency
distribution:
Ages (in years) Number of teachers
20-24 10
25-29 28
30-34 32
35-39 48
40-44 50
45-49 35
50-54 12

Solution:
The given table is in exclusive form. So, first convert it into an exclusive form, as given
below:

A histogram for this table is shown in the figure given below:

5. The lengths of 62 leaves of a plant are measured in millimetres and the
data is represented in the following table:
Length (in mm) Number of leaves
118-126 8
127-135 10
136-144 12
145-153 17
154-162 7
163-171 5
172-180 3
Draw a histogram to represent the data above.

Solution:
The given table is in exclusive form. So, first convert it into an exclusive form, as given
below:

A histogram for this table is shown in the figure given below:

6. The marks obtained (out of 100) by a class of 80 students are given
below:
Marks Number of students
10-20 6
20-30 17
30-50 15
50-70 16
70-100 26
Construct a histogram to represent the data above.

Solution:
See the given table, the class intervals are of unequal width. So, we calculate the adjusted
frequency for each class.
Now, minimum size = 20 - 10 = 10
The formula of adjusted frequencies are:
Minimum class  size
Adjusted frequency   Frequency of the class
Class  size
Now, the modified table for frequency distribution is given by:
Now, let’s construct rectangles with class-limits as base and respective adjusted frequencies
as heights.

7. Following table shows a frequency distribution for the speed of cars

passing through at a particular spot on a high way:
Class interval (km/h) Frequency
30-40 3
40-50 6
50-60 25
60-70 65
70-80 50
80-90 28
90-100 14
Draw a histogram and frequency polygon representing the data above.
Solution:
In the given figure below, a histogram and a frequency polygon are drawn on the same scale.
The class interval has represented on the x-axis and the frequency has represented on the y-
axis.

8. Refer to Q. 7:
Draw the frequency polygon representing the above data without drawing
the histogram.

Solution:
First we obtain in the class marks (mid-marks) of the given table as:
Lower limit  Upper limit
Class-marks 
2
Since, the new table is shown below:
Now, let’s draw a frequency polygon by plotting the class marks along the x- axis and the
frequency along y-axis.
Also, plotting all the points as B(35,3), C(45, 6), D(55, 25), E(65, 65), F(75, 50), G(85, 28)
and H(95, 14). Then, join all these point line segment, shown below:

9. Following table gives the distribution of students of sections A and B of a

class according to the marks obtained by them.
Section A Section B
Marks Frequency Marks Frequency
0-15 5 0-15 3
15-30 12 15-30 16
30-45 28 30-45 25
45-60 30 45-60 27
60-75 35 60-75 40
75-90 13 75-90 10
Represent the marks of the students of both the sections on the same graph
by two frequency polygons. What do you observe?

Solution:
First we obtain in the mid-marks of the given section A and B as:
Lower limit  Upper limit
Mid-marks 
2
Since, the new table for section A and B is shown below:
Now, we represent the mid-marks on x-axis and the frequency on y-axis.
So, plotting all the points for section A as:
A(7.5, 5), B(22.5, 12), C(37.5, 28), D(52.5, 30), E(67.5, 35), F(82.5, 13)

Similarly, plotting all the points for section B as:

H(7.5, 5), I(22.5, 12), J(37.5, 25), K(52.5, 27), L(67.5, 40), M(82.5, 10)
Now, the two frequency polygon are shown in the figure given below:
10. The mean of the following distribution is 50.
x f
10 17
30 5a+3
50 32
70 7a-11
90 19
Find the value of a and hence the frequencies of 30 and 70.

Solution:
The formula of the mean  x  is:
n

fx i i
x i 1
n

f
i 1
i

So, the value of a will be calculated as follows:

17 10   5a  3  30  32  50   7 a  11  70  19  90
50 
17  5a  3  32  7 a  11  19
170  150a  90  1600  490a  770  1710
50 
12a  60
3570  770  640a
50 
12a  60
2800  640a  600a  3000
40a  200
a5
So, frequency of 30 will be = 5a + 3 = 5  5  3  25  3  28
Similarly, frequency of 70 will be= 7a – 11 = 7  5  11  35  11  24
Therefore, the frequency of 30 and 70 are 28 and 24 respectively.

11. The mean marks (out of 100) of boys and girls in an examination are 70
and 73, respectively. If the mean marks of all the students in that
examination is 71, find the ratio of the number of boys to the number of
girls.

Solution:
Let the number of boys be n1 and number of girls be n2 .
According to the question,
Mean marks of boys  x1  = 70
Mean marks of girls  x1  = 73
The formula of mean  x  will be: