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    Writing of Research Report

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    Sonu Kulharia
    This document provides information on research report writing, including definitions, objectives, characteristics, formats, and common mistakes. It defines a research report as a written communication of a research project's purpose, methodology, findings, and recommendations. The objectives of reports are to disseminate knowledge, enable further research, and evaluate methods. Key characteristics include being clear, concise, complete, and correct. Common report types are brief, detailed, technical, and business reports. The standard format includes a title page, introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, and conclusions. Common mistakes to avoid are making the report boring, including errors, using complex language, and writing reports that are too lengthy.

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    Writing of Research Report

    Uploaded by

    Sonu Kulharia
    14 views23 pages
    This document provides information on research report writing, including definitions, objectives, characteristics, formats, and common mistakes. It defines a research report as a written communication of a research project's purpose, methodology, findings, and recommendations. The objectives of reports are to disseminate knowledge, enable further research, and evaluate methods. Key characteristics include being clear, concise, complete, and correct. Common report types are brief, detailed, technical, and business reports. The standard format includes a title page, introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, and conclusions. Common mistakes to avoid are making the report boring, including errors, using complex language, and writing reports that are too lengthy.

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    This document provides information on research report writing, including definitions, objectives, characteristics, formats, and common mistakes. It defines a research report as a written communication of a research project's purpose, methodology, findings, and recommendations. The objectives of reports are to disseminate knowledge, enable further research, and evaluate methods. Key characteristics include being clear, concise, complete, and correct. Common report types are brief, detailed, technical, and business reports. The standard format includes a title page, introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, and conclusions. Common mistakes to avoid are making the report boring, including errors, using complex language, and writing reports that are too lengthy.

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    14 views23 pages

    Writing of Research Report

    Uploaded by

    Sonu Kulharia
    This document provides information on research report writing, including definitions, objectives, characteristics, formats, and common mistakes. It defines a research report as a written communication of a research project's purpose, methodology, findings, and recommendations. The objectives of reports are to disseminate knowledge, enable further research, and evaluate methods. Key characteristics include being clear, concise, complete, and correct. Common report types are brief, detailed, technical, and business reports. The standard format includes a title page, introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, and conclusions. Common mistakes to avoid are making the report boring, including errors, using complex language, and writing reports that are too lengthy.

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    of 23

    By: Aditi Rao

    By: Aditi Rao


    AGENDA
    Introduction

    Definition

    Objectives

    Characteristics

    Types of Research Report

    Format

    Common Mistakes in Report Writing


    Introduction
    — Report writing is a basic task of researcher, since no
    research can be completed without its report.
    — It is a tool for communicating the various aspects of
    the study, viz., the problem or topic investigated, the
    method employed to investigate, the objective, scope
    and limitations.
    — Reports are highly structured form of writing often
    following conventions that have been laid down to
    produce a common format.
    Definition
    — A research report is: “A written document or
    oral presentation based on a written document that
    communicates the purpose, scope, objectives,
    hypotheses, methodology, findings, limitations and
    finally, recommendations of a research project to
    others.”
    — “A report is a statement of the results of an
    investigation or of any matter on which definite
    information is required.”
    Objectives of Report Writing
    1. To provide document of knowledge.

    2. To provide bases for further Researches.

    3. To evaluate relevance of various methods.


    4. Systematizing complex and scattered facts.

    5. Classification of casual relationship in


    various facts.

    6. Test of validity of conclusions.


    Characteristics of a Good
    Research Report
    Characteristics of a Good
    Research Report
    — Clear- The information given in the report must be
    understood at the first reading. The report has to be easy to
    read with legible writing and a clear message.

    — Concise- The report is only to be as long as it is need to


    include the necessary information. Use short, simple
    sentences. Do not use jargon or words that aren’t required.

    — Complete- Ensure all required information is in the report.

    — Correct- Every piece of information must be accurate and


    verifiable.
    Types of Report

    Type of Report

    Brief Detailed Technical Business


    Reports Reports Reports Reports

    Working Survey
    Papers Reports
    Types of Report…
    1. Brief Reports-
    Ø formally structures
    Ø generally short running in 10 to 15 pages.
    Ø The information provided is very limited and
    Ø is prepared as a prelude to main report or for immediate consumption. They
    can be of following types:
    i. Working paper or basic reports:-
    Ø serve as a point of reference researcher proceeds to write detailed report on
    the steps followed by him for collecting information on subject.
    ii. Survey Reports:-
    Ø academic or non-academic
    Ø findings in comprehensible form, which includes figures and tables.
    Ø They are easy to understand and help in arriving to appropriate conclusions
    needed for a solution to a business problem.
    Types of Report…
    2. Detailed Reports-

    Ø most structured reports, which are essentially either academic,


    technical or business reports.

    Ø but their forms of presentation will differ.

    3. Technical Reports-

    Ø Are major documents which include all the elements of basic report
    as well as interpretation and conclusions, relating to the obtained
    results.

    Ø It would include complete problem background along with past data


    that are essential in interpretation and understanding the present
    study output.
    Types of Report…
    4. Business Reports-

    Ø consist of technical details and would be presented in a


    comprehensive form, which is understandable by business
    managers.

    Ø The data used for reaching to conclusions, instead of in the


    form of tables, will be depicted pictorially as bars or graphs.

    Ø The reporting tone would be more in business terms rather


    than theoretical or conceptual.
    Format of Research Report
    Preliminary Main Body of the Reference
    Section or Front Report Section
    Matter

    Title Page Introduction Bibliography

    Acknowledgement
    (if any) Review of Related Appendix
    Literature

    List of Tables (if Design of the Study


    any)

    List of Figures (if Presentation and Analysis


    any) of Data

    Summary and
    Conclusions
    Format of Research Report…
    A. Preliminary Section or Front Matter- This
    section mainly consists if identification information for the study.

    1. Title Page- There are four pieces of information that have to be included
    into the title .

    i. The report title;

    ii. The name of the person, company, or organization for whom the report
    has been prepared;

    iii. The name of the author and the company or university which
    originated the report;

    iv. The data when the report was completed.

    A title page might also include contract number, a security classification, or a


    copy number depending on the nature of the report researcher is writing.
    Title Page
    Preliminary Section or Front
    Matter…
    2. Acknowledgement- Good report writing includes a page of gratitude to
    those who helped the researcher in his process; his supervisor,
    teachers/professors, librarians, family, etc.

    3. Table of Contents- The table of contents is a reflection of report writing


    structure. Sections and subsections should be numbered and titled in such a
    way as to help the reader find his way through your report. A good table of
    contents serves an important purpose in providing an outline of the contents
    of the report.

    4. List of Tables and Figures- If tables and figures are included in this
    report, a separate page in included for each list. The full titles of figures and
    tables, worded exactly as they appear in the text, are preserved with
    corresponding numbers and page locations.
    All pages in the preliminary section are numbered at the center of the bottom
    margin with lower-case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv).
    Table of Contents
    Format of Research Report…
    B. Main Body of the Report-
    1. Introduction Section-
    i. Statement of the Problem
    ii. Significance of the Problem (and historical
    background)
    iii. Purpose
    iv. Statement of Hypothesis
    v. Assumptions
    vi. Limitations
    vii. Definition of Terms
    Main Body of the Report…
    2. Review of Related Literature or Analysis of Previous
    Research.

    i. review the important literature related to the study.

    ii. provides a background for the development of the present


    study and brings the reader up to date.

    3. Design of the Study

    i. Description of Research Design and Procedures Used


    ii. Sources of Data
    iii. Sampling Procedures
    iv. Methods and Instruments of Data Gathering
    v. Statistical Treatment
    Main Body of the Report…
    4. Presentation and Analysis Data contains:

    i. text with appropriate


    ii. tables and
    iii. figures

    5. Summary and Conclusions

    i. Restatement of the Problem


    ii. Description of Procedures
    iii. Major Findings (reject or fail to reject Ho)
    iv. Conclusions
    iv. Recommendations for Further Investigation
    Format of Research Report…
    C. Reference Section
    1. Bibliography or Literature Cited

    i. It is an important part of this section as it gives details of


    information sources and papers cited in standardized format.

    ii. References are arranged in alphabetical order and

    iii. According to particular reference citation style.

    2. Appendix
    i. Tables and data-important, cover letters used, printed forms of
    questionnaires, tests, and other data-gathering devices related to the
    report content-copies may be placed in the appendix.
    Common Mistakes in report
    writing

    Errors

    Language Lengthy
    Common Mistakes in report
    writing…
    1. Boring-
    Ø should be written keeping the background of the target audience in mind.
    Ø Abrupt deviations from the objective can make report lifeless to the target audience.
    Ø flow of the topic or subsequent pages or slides should remain in sync.
    ØThe overall outline should be drawn in a way before hand so that all chips fit in well
    and moves towards the objective of the report writing.
    2. Errors
    Ø spelling and grammatical errors should be kept in mind.
    Ø Wrong spelling and improper use of tense can cause severe damage to the overall
    value and impact of a report
    3. Language-
    Ø Long sentences should be avoided an writer should use lucid sentence.
    Ø While writing a report, a writer should also take care of the nonfigurative
    terminologies, idioms, abbreviations and technical words
    4. Lengthy-
    Ø it is not required for a writer to overemphasize a specific topic.
    Ø Their focus will be more on the inference, conclusions and on the probable solution
    suggested if any.
    Ø A writer should keep a report topic, very specific, relevant and crisp. The writer can
    suggest references to different sources to interested readers for further reading.
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