Jep 2021012615224487
Jep 2021012615224487
Jep 2021012615224487
https://www.scirp.org/journal/jep
ISSN Online: 2152-2219
ISSN Print: 2152-2197
Keywords
Global Warming, Building Materials, Green Building Sustainability, Checklist
for Green Building
1. Introduction
Architectural sustainability means meeting the needs of today’s generation without
weakening the opportunity of future generations by maintaining eco-logical bal-
ance to fulfill the necessities. A sustainable society can meet its needs by using
natural resources without harming the environment [1].
The construction sector is rated first as a single contributor to carbon dioxide
emissions and, referring to a report by the United Nations Environment Pro-
gram, about two-thirds of global energy consumption occurs in buildings.
(UNEP) [2]. Green buildings have the greatest potential to be a solution for mi-
tigating environmental effects and reducing environmental emissions. Taking
into consideration the economic aspect of sustainability is one of the fundamen-
tals of green design process. Low use of water and other natural resources, im-
proved public health, increased efficiency and improved quality of indoor air are
most of the other side effects of green building [3] [4].
Many researchers define the modern green building, that it is a basic design
based on raising the efficiency of the use of resources, considering the minimum
impact on human health and the surrounding environment during the building
life cycle. We also can clearly notice that green buildings have many tangible,
measurable and intangible effects on the environment and man. Reduction of
energy and water consumption has a tangible effect that appears on the first day
of constructing the green building. The quality of the ventilation, the comfort of
the heat, the healthy atmosphere, the well-being, and the light are all benefits
that the inhabitant feels from the first day [5].
Green building is an advanced concept for the construction industry to im-
prove building productivity, consume energy and rationalize the consumption
of construction and the significance of the building to the surrounding envi-
ronment with the least damage, all of which is reflected in human health and
well-being [6].
As a result of the development of green buildings, there was a need for general
systems and measures to evaluate the green building, but there is no unified
global system to evaluate the performance of the green building. Based on this
need, many countries around the world have developed their own systems and
tools, this is known as building environmental assessment methods (BEAM) [7]
[8]. Britain depends the British Research Establishment Environmental Assess-
ment Method (BREEAM), while United States adopts the American Leadership
in Energy and Environmental Buildings (LEED), it is a globally recognized sys-
tem widely deployed in several countries.
This research discusses the environmental impacts of green and sustainable
architecture and aims to define key factors affecting the design of green build-
ings and sustainable urban development. To obtain a decent green design for
buildings, the research identified various components and procedures required.
This research hypothesizes that consider the various environmental considera-
tions for sustainable and green architecture should improve energy efficiency
of buildings and generally improve the quality of the built environment in de-
veloping countries, in addition to identifying the main factors that influence
urban development in Palestine., Taking into account the Palestine Higher
Green Building Council criteria, such as Palestine, in particular the Gaza Strip,
2. Related Works
In the fact, Palestine as a developing country and prohibited from exploiting its
natural resources such as water and natural gas, and even producing or import-
ing electricity. The design of green energy-saving buildings, combined with the
exploitation of renewable energy resources, especially solar energy, is the only
way out of the current situation.
Source [9], Addressed the barriers and obstacles facing Palestinian green
building architecture. The author split the problems into two major categories:
technical and organizational difficulties. Compared with Palestine, as presented
in regional experiences. He also called for sustainable building materials to be
used as a future for green building in Palestine, and called for renewable energy
to be used as a future sustainability agenda in Palestine.
Source [10], Investigating the current water and energy consumption data
being used by Green School and matching it with the actual water and energy
consumption reports for 205 West Bank public schools in 2016.
Source [11], The author stated that the traditional Palestinian architectural
model is an example of buildings adapted to the Palestinian landscape and cul-
ture, and raised the possibility of adopting the idea of courtyards in Palestinian
homes as a proposed sustainability strategy. Therefore, the concept of the cour-
tyard is a component that can be reintegrated into future Palestinian sustainable
housing and green buildings.
Source [12], reflecting on one aspect of the building, the exterior walls, as the
building envelope responsible for conserving energy and making the building
more efficient and sustainable, the writer said that Palestine’s building systems
do not adopt the sustainability strategy, which increases the cost of running the
building.
Source [13], Dealing with the development of green residential buildings in
Palestinian cities, highlighting the need to improve residential buildings in Pa-
lestine in line with climate and environmental patterns, to enable use of alterna-
tive renewable energy technologies and to reduce heat within buildings, taking
conventional Palestinian techniques into account, The author concluded that for
a range of reasons, the old buildings provided a better climatic atmosphere than
modern buildings, the most notable of which are: heat insulation, steering,
shading, and ventilation.
Source [14] They went to study two samples in two separate climate zones,
Nablus and Jericho, working with school buildings as they tried to determine
thermal comfort and energy efficiency. The researchers concluded that the reali-
ty of schools in Palestine is far from the energy efficiency comfort required.
Energy needs improvements to maintain the lowest level of energy consumption.
Source [15], It concluded that serious efforts have been made by the Ministry
of Education to improve school building and its comply with high performance
green design guidelines by adopting such aspects and meeting with mandatory
criteria, in general those which can also be applied within the framework of sim-
ple financial possibilities.
Global warming
THE
CLIMATESYSTEM
Atmosphere
chemistry
Cryosphere
ice & snow Volcanoes
Land
Soil, vegetation, Ocean
biodiversity Rock
Category Description
- The climate influence of global warming Global warming has a direct impact
on the climate and has the following impacts.
- Changes in rainfall amounts: increasing global average temperatures contri-
bute to higher evaporation rates, accelerating the occurrence of the water
cycle, as steam rising into the atmosphere will lead to higher precipitation
levels, noting that it will not be distributed evenly in all regions of the world
except in some regions. In summer, winter will be wetter and drier, and
global average rainfall will rise from 3 percent to 5 percent, according to stu-
dies.
- Snow and ice melting: A warm atmosphere contributes to the melting of ice
on the surface of the earth, such as rivers or ice caps, and in the summer,
snow. Furthermore, forecasters predict that in the northern seas there will be
a lot of sea ice floating and in the 21st century the south will decrease without
determining the exact amount of melting.
- Increasing the acidity of the oceans: by removing some of the accumulated
heat and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the oceans on the earth’s sur-
face help minimize the climate changes that occur in the planet. However,
water and carbon dioxide have had several impacts that increase or intensify
ocean acidification. After these reactions, the acidity of the oceans has re-
sulted in a reduction in acidity, such that a rise in acidity from 0.14 to 0.35
pH is expected by the year 2100, which may cause more problems for marine
species.
- Effect on ocean currents: ocean currents occur because of the variation in
ocean salinity and temperature as the temperature of the ocean increases
along with its increases in salinity due to different factors, including: Related
to the melting of ice into the seas, changed precipitation rates and a rise in
freshwater flow contribute to a disturbance of the flow movement or a dis-
ruption of the oceans’ thermal salt cycle, which has a strong climate effect.
- Weather change: Some climatologists suggest that hurricanes, including
tropical cyclones, would (and may well have begun) change as a result of
global warming, as the surface waters of the oceans provide the energy re-
quired to cause storms. It is predicted that hot-water oceans will increase the
strength of hurricanes and the power of their destruction over time.
- Changing the carbon cycle: Global models of the carbon cycle imply that the
Earth system absorbs less carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as the atmos-
phere warms up, exacerbating the issue of global warming.
- Changes in the biological system of life: temperature rises impact different
biological processes, e.g., B. The change in the geographical areas of wild
plants and animals, the attributes of wild and domesticated “domesticated”
animals, the length of the cycles of vegetation and the variations in the dates
of freezing.
2) Solutions to the global warming problem
We concentrated on the suggested strategies that can be introduced to limit
global warming, including:
- Energy efficiency improvement: The most important role in global warming
is played by the energy systems used to heat and cool buildings. Energy effi-
ciency thus allows fewer quantities to be used and the same production and
services to be provided, which helps to save energy and money.
- Improvement of the transport sector: substantial emissions of gases are gen-
erated by the transport sector and these emissions have risen rapidly over the
past decade, with the result that these emissions should be reduced.
- Phase out power from fossil fuels progressively.
- Development of new low carbon fuel economy technologies.
- Ensuring Sustainable Development: Each region of the globe has various
consequences for the issue of global warming and its capacity to cope with
the problem. Generally speaking, all countries should work together to re-
solve the problem, to help developing countries adjust to the effects of cli-
mate change and to enhance their ability to turn to low-carbon fuels.
- Modernizing Renewable Energy Sources: Various studies have shown that
renewable energy sources such as solar, bio and other renewable energy
sources, in addition to their emissions mitigation benefits and reasonable
costs, can meet much of the world’s energy needs. It is necessary, therefore,
to depend on it more.
Occupies an area of 1103.3 km2, Hot and dry in summer, warm winter: This
climatic zone extends along the eastern slopes, including the Dead Sea and part of
First zone
the Jordan Valley, Characterized by a hot and dry climate in summer and warm
winter. Its cooling loads increase significantly in summer.
This area is characterized by a hot, dry climate in the summer and mild winter,
Second zone
with area 823.2 km2 which extends along the eastern slopes of the West Bank.
It has a Mediterranean Sea climate, a hot summer for half a year, and a mild
Third zone winter, Stretching over 969.1 km2, of the entire of the West Bank, a semi-arid
region.
This area covers the entire coastline and most of the northern and central areas of
Sixth zone the Gaza Strip, where more the 97% of the Gaza Strip’s population lives. Its
climate is humid, the average temperature is 18˚C.
An arid desert climate, inhabited by about 2.8% of the total population of the
Seventh zone
Gaza Strip.
Social Sustainability
• Housing diversity
• Public realm
• Walkability
• Public transport
• Place identity
Environmental
Sustainability TOD
• Protection of natural
productivity
habitat
Resource
Economic
• Subtropical design Sustainability
• Energy efficiency •Local economic
• Water sensitive urban development
design • Financial viability
for developers
ations [23].
Green strategies include both active and passive strategies for green sustaina-
ble design. Where there are many more passive strategies, early implementation
in the design process is required and they tend to be more form-shaping. The
overall focus is on the strategies that should be implemented through schematic
design. There are six basic principles that persist depending on the source [23],
they are:
Site possibility optimization
There are several factors that determine location optimization, including con-
venient location selection, taking into account the reuse of existing buildings, the
location, orientation, and landscaping of a building that affect local ecosystems,
transportation systems, and energy use. The site design should be integrated
with sustainable green design for a successful project.
Energy utilize optimization
Due to the problems that the environment and humans face, it is very impor-
tant to employ strategies to reduce energy consumption, increase efficiency and
maximize the use of renewable energy sources. Clarifying the energy efficiency
of today’s buildings is important in order to increase energy efficiency and con-
servation (Figure 4).
Water conservation and management
Potable water (drinking water) is viewed as an increasingly scarce resource in
many parts of the world. Therefore, the sustainable design of green buildings
should include efficient water use and management that includes reuse or recy-
cling on site.
Optimization of construction space and material utilization
A sustainable green building must be designed and operated in such a way
that materials are used and reused in the most efficient and sustainable way
throughout its life cycle. It must be customizable for reuse throughout its life. It
is imperative to incorporate materials that add value, reduce pollution and con-
serve natural resources, see Figure 5.
Improving the quality of the indoor environment
Indoor climate quality (IEQ) has a significant impact on the health, comfort,
well-being and productivity of the building’s residents. Sustainable design of
green buildings should improve natural lighting, use adequate ventilation and
control of humidity, improve acoustic performance, and avoid the use of mate-
rials containing highly volatile organic compounds that can cause emissions of
volatile organic compounds that can be harmful to health and the environment.
Principles of indoor climate quality According to the IEQ, residents must also
control building systems such as lighting and temperature.
Green building operation and maintenance improvement
Construction and maintenance issues should be addressed in the early design
phase of a facility to improve the working environment, increase productivity,
reduce energy and resource consumption and costs, and also to avoid system
failures. The involvement of building operators and maintenance personnel in
the design and development phase guarantees efficient operation and mainten-
ance of the building. The involvement of building operators and maintenance
personnel in the design and development phase guarantees efficient operation
and maintenance of the building, see Table 3.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Percentage
There is a global direction in the construction industry around the world, led
by many national governments and international organizations, to improve en-
vironmental conditions, sustainability and urban quality of life. Green buildings
are designed to reduce the overall impact on human health and the natural en-
vironment in the following ways:
- Using energy, water and other resources efficiently.
- By reducing waste, pollution, and environmental degradation.
A green building is a high performing building concept that aims to create an
energy efficient, healthy and productive building with minimal impact on the
local environment.
There is a global direction in the construction industry around the world, led
by many national governments and international organizations, to improve en-
vironmental conditions, sustainability and urban quality of life.
There are three basic principles of sustainable green building design, see Fig-
ure 6.
Strengths Weaknesses
- Abundant availability of solar radiation. - Palestine has many climatic zones, this is a
- Relative availability of other renewable energy challenge to the design of the green building.
sources such as wind. - Domestic waste is not recycled or efficiently
- Rainwater is generally available, and can partially reused.
meet the domestic water demand. - Lack of public awareness regarding
- Availability of local industry for some sustainable sustainability and green building concepts.
systems such as solar thermal collectors. - Absence of governmental intervention and
- Universities and research institutes are of high relative legislations.
potential. - Inadequate technical capacity.
- Availability of a diverse engineering sector. - Unavailability of natural building materials,
with the exception of natural stone in the West
Bank and sand in Gaza Strip.
- Unavailability of sufficient local funds, and
weakness of people’s financial capacity.
Opportunities Threats
- Availability of international donors. - Political instability.
- Implementing sustainability can be promoted by - Lack of unity between Gaza Strip and the West
motivating incentives. Bank.
- The proposed mass housing projects represent an - Israeli restrictions on basic building materials,
opportunity to implement sustainability concepts. namely in Gaza.
Integrated
green design
approach
called green building rating systems; such as LEED in United States, BREEAM in
UK, CASBEE in Japan, Minergie in Switzerland, HK Beam in Hong Kong, the
Pearl Rating System for ESTIDAMA in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and
Green Pyramid Rating System (GPRS) in Egypt. The Green Buildings checklist
for the State of Palestine aims to clarify the technical standards necessary to
reach and evaluate sustainability requirements in buildings in the State of Pales-
tine, with the purpose of:
a. Reducing the amount of water used in building occupations.
b. Reducing the amount of energy used in building occupations.
c. Reducing materials consumed during construction and after occupancy and
encouraging their recycling.
d. Reducing the environmental impact of buildings on the surrounding envi-
ronment.
e. Contribution to the creation of high efficiency, healthy, sustainable, rea-
sonable cost and environmentally friendly buildings.
Scope of checklist application:
This checklist can be applied to most buildings that are constructed in the
State of Palestine, taking into account the differences for each type. In general,
this checklist can be applied to:
⁕Public buildings, including:
a. Schools, universities and educational buildings.
b. Government departments, including ministries and government institu-
tions.
c. Mosques and places of worship.
d. Administrative buildings of all kinds.
e. Cultural centers and theaters
f. Hospitals and health buildings.
⁕Private buildings, including:
a. Residential buildings, including homes, villas and apartment buildings.
b. Commercial buildings, including commercial complexes and malls.
c. Meeting rooms and wedding halls.
Classification levels:
The candidate buildings are evaluated as green buildings based on a scale con-
sisting of 200 points, through six axes, as follows:
a. Sustainability of the construction site constitutes 15% of the total points.
b. Energy efficiency is 30% of the total points.
c. Water efficiency at a rate of 25% of the total points.
d. 15% of the total points were for the quality of the internal environment.
e. 10% of the total points relate to materials and resources
f. Innovation in green building design reaps 5% of total points.
Accordingly, there are four categories based on the evaluation of green build-
ings in Palestine, as follows:
a. Diamond class buildings that get 160 points and more.
Diamond 160+
of a country.
Yes No
Site Selection
1 1. Site selection on previously developed lands or grey fields available lands within urban areas. 1
2. That the construction site is not agricultural land, or classified as a nature reserve, or unexploited land Previously are located
1 1
within a range in river or rain floods, or less than 15 meters from Bodies of water and less than 30 m from the Wetlands.
4. Select site considered polluted (Brownfield) and coordinating the development plan with the activities to address the site
1 1
environment and utilizing existing infrastructure during the implementation of the plan.
Building Accessibility
1 5. Parking provide 1
1 6. Provide a paved road to reach from the main road to the car park via building entrance with a width not less than 1.2 m. 1
1 7. Door width shall not be less than 0.8 m, and the height of the door handle shall not exceed 1.2 - 0.85 m. 1
Site Development
1 8.Cultivate at least 10% of the site’s area and preserve as much as possible the existing trees or cultivate native plants. 1
1 9. Maintaining open spaces on the site such as parks and beaches or increasing the area of open spaces through site design. 1
10. Employing plants on site in a manner reduces the energy needed for heating and cooling inside the building and using
1 1
alternative energy sources such as photovoltaic cells to meet the electricity needs on the site, especially lighting.
1 11. Reduce dependence on potable water to irrigate plants on site and replace with reclaimed gray water. 1
2 13. Use design strategies such as proper orientation, shading, ventilation, and bulk storage (use at least two of these strategies). 2
1 16. Using green roofs is not less than 50% of the project area. 1
Continued
2 18. Confirmation that procedures mitigation of light pollution is matching with local and global standards. 2
Alternative Transportation
19. Ensure that the distance between the main project entrance and the nearest public transport station is not more than 400
2 2
meters.
2 20. Provide a place and equipment for using bicycles at a distance of no more than 200 meters from the entrance to the project. 2
Water Harvesting
1 23. Existence of program for maintaining of the storm water management system. 1
1 2. Increasing 15% in the rate of ventilation over the rate of forced ventilation. 1
Hazardous Material
1 4. Ensure that the sticky materials used meet local and international standards. 1
1 5. Confirming that the used paints meet local and international standards. 1
6. Confirming that the materials used (Asbestos, Carpet & Hard Flooring, Ceiling Systems and Formaldehyde) meet local
2 2
and international standards.
9. For industrial ventilation: one point when providing a control device for every two people and another point when
2 2
providing a device (occupancy sensor).
10. For mixed ventilation: one point when providing windows with manual control for natural ventilation for 50% of the
2 2
used areas and two points when providing natural ventilation for 75% of the used areas.
11. Emphasizing the use of thermal modeling calculations during the design process via Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and
2 2
Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) accordance with local and international standards.
12. Public buildings: All lighting units used meet the local and international standards.
2 2
Residential buildings: 95% of the lighting units used meet local and international standards.
Continued
View
14. Public buildings: 75% of the used spaces have direct visual contact with the outside.
2 2
Residential buildings: 75% of the bedrooms and living spaces have a direct visual contact with the outside.
Sound Transmission
1 16. Sound transmission coefficient in interior walls and floors STC > 50 db. 1
1 17. The transmission coefficient of sound resulting from roads or collisions in the floors IIC > 56 db. 1
3 18. All pollutants conform to the specified specifications and not exceed the local and international standards. 3
5 4. Ensure that the upper limit of the thermal conductivity of the walls is not exceeded. 5
5 5. Ensure that the upper limit of the thermal conductivity of the upper ceiling is not exceeded. 5
5 6. Ensure that the upper limit of the thermal conductivity of the windows is not exceeded. 5
2 9. Ensure that the upper limit of the thermal conductivity of the doors is not exceeded. 2
2 10. Ensure that the upper limit of air leakage is not exceeded. 2
1 16. Commitment to using environmentally friendly materials in the manufacture of these devices. 1
0.5 19. Controllers can be linked with BMS (Building Management System). 0.5
Continued
1 27. Commitment using dishwashers with high energy and water efficiency 1
Smart Buildings
2 29. Using smart devices to control heating, air-conditioning and shading devices. 2
2 10. Provides a complete system to exploit rainwater for potable water purposes after meeting all required conditions. 2
11. Provides a complete system for exploiting rainwater for non-potable water purposes after meeting all required
2 2
conditions.
Exploiting Gray Water
Continued
16. Existence of systems to control the quality of potable and non-potable water, and taking care of all its components against
2 2
any health and environmental risks.
17. Existence of security and safety systems and mechanisms for using the water system in the building, identifying sources
1 1
of dangers and containing dangerous events.
18. Existence of awareness and educational plans in the rationalization of water consumption and use targeting owners,
1 1
users, operators, technicians and visitors to buildings.
12 8 5. Materials and Resources 20 Points-10%
Recycled Materials
8. 50% of all steel structures (by weight) contain 25% of materials recycled or reused and 80% of total steel reinforcement or
1 1
steel (by weight) has 90% of recycled or reused materials.
1 9. The project may reduce the overall amount of Portland cement used and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. 1
1 10. 15% of moraine used on site (by volume), in both structural and non-structural applications, are from recycled materials. 1
2 11. Use at least 50% of the wood to be used from certified fast wood renewable, which is replanted quickly. 2
Materials Reuse
12. Reuse of previously used materials at a rate of not less than 5% of the amount of materials used in the project, or with a
2 2
value of not less than 10% of the value of those materials.
Materials Durability
13. Using of materials with a high ability to resist natural conditions such as expansion and contraction, as well as with
2 standing radiation The sun and the high or low humidity, in addition to its ability to resist living elements such as fungi, 2
insects and others.
Building Reuse
14. Use of usable items such as walls, floors, and various ceiling elements as well Interior doors, windows and walls. The area
2 2
of the internal non-structural elements must not be reduced Used for 50% of the building area.
Design for Flexibility and Disassembly
15. Design the building in such a way that it can easily reuse its structural and non-structural elements upon completion the
2 2
use of the building, and used connection materials and elements that can be easily dismantled with minimal losses.
Innovation in Design
Continued
2 4. Using modern techniques in simulation to evaluate the building’s effectiveness in energy, lighting, acoustics and others. 2
6. Recommendations
The research covered the green building and sustainability status in Palestine
and the green building materials status in Palestine. Finally, the study suggested
a checklist to assess the status of buildings in Palestine and the extent to which
they react to the principles of sustainable green building development.
The field of life, including the construction and surrounding areas, is current-
ly facing distinct challenges related to the use of building technology and the
scope for alternatives to green building design. In this edition, sustainable green
building techniques play an important role as they serve a set of potential and
advantages to establish a sustainable approach to green building in architecture
that corresponds to the local context in Palestine. To develop, in accordance
with current, a better pattern for the future. In this regard, a set of guidelines to
be considered by architects, local organizations and governments to plan, moni-
tor and improve the reality of sustainable design of environmentally friendly
buildings and standard green building techniques in Palestine are highlighted as
follows:
• The principles and the work methodology of green building architecture
have to take their place in all cities in Palestine, as the green building ap-
proach has many values and advantages.
• Refurbishment of the existing buildings to fit the sustainability green build-
ing principles is crucial, as the green building has the potential to be used ef-
ficiency in Palestine context.
• Utilize the green buildings as a passive design technique, has many environ-
mental, cultural, and social values; it could play a good role in the concepts of
sustainability green building.
• The orientation of the new green building must be carefully determined re-
garding the climate and the site features, to take use of sunlight, natural ven-
tilation, shade, etc.
• The governmental institutions have to economically encourage the different
sectors of society to refurbish their own building by the green building tech-
nique, and also technically by generalizing green building techniques and
advanced models of sustainable green building.
• As a part of public awareness, the local society should be learned through
their direct involvements in the developmental projects of sustainable green
building.
• We can say, that the idea and purpose of living and working in green build-
ing is It provides comfort, healthy living and increases the productivity of
green building occupants.
• Its clearly that the sustainable green building is a global contemporary trend
enhancing historical local identity and other important values.
• Maintaining and increasing the contribution of construction industry in the
economy by reducing cost, saving energy, saving resources, time and reduc-
ing the on-going cost of maintenance.
• Maintaining and Increasing the contribution of construction industry in the
economy by reducing cost, saving energy, saving resources and time.
• Incentives for innovation and new projects such as recycling and reuse mate-
rials and enhance cooperation between construction chains.
• Continuous training and promoting skills of work forces.
7. Conclusions
Green building applications in the construction are not a conceptual benefit, but
a new scientific approach for professional practice in planning, tracking, plan-
ning and construction methods for our residential and architectural facilities,
and for the quality of the design decisions taken by the architect and engineer
to strengthen the concept of designing and evaluating construction processes
and procedures. These actions, reached in the engineering and consulting office
paths, have become a huge economic burden on citizens, economies and gov-
ernments. This paper discussed sustainable green building in terms of key prin-
ciples for sustainable building, green building sustainable design strategies and
direction. Also, this research has shaded some light on the following themes to
comprehend the history of green construction:
- Climate Change Interference (Global warming);
- Sustainable design principles;
- Criteria for Green Building ranking (LEED);
- Proposal of an acceptable evaluation checklist for newly planned and old fa-
cilities to comply mostly with environmentally sustainable certification.
There are some obstacles to the implementation of the proposed checklist and
guidelines for green building design in Palestine. This research is aimed at Pales-
tinian architects, designers, and engineers who wish to use measurement terms
as a green building. First, you need to fulfill our recommended request. Users
must get the percentage of project results immediately after filling in the details
and calculating the points for each item to get a green design certificate with to-
tal points. We strongly recommend encouraging the use of the proposed green
building checklist to obtain a real local measure of compliance with LEED stan-
dards (see Chapter 7).
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this
paper.
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