KVS ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CBTI X SCIENCE CH_9_ LIGHT

Q. NO QUESTION
MCQ s 1 MARK EACH
1.

Which type of lenses are thinner in the middle than at the edges ?
2. Which of the following can form a virtual image which is always smaller than the object ?
(a) a plane mirror (b) a convex lens
(c) a concave lens (d) a concave mirror
3. What kind of lens can form an erect diminished image ?
4. Power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length.What is the unit of power of a lens?
5. Which one of the following materials cannot be used to make a lens? (a) Water (b) Glass (c) Plastic (d)
Clay
6. Name the type of mirror used in the Solar furnace. Support your answer with reason.
7. Concave lenses are used in spectacles to correct the defect of vision called myopia or shortsightedness.
Why ?
8. When an object is at infinity from a concave lens, the image formed is at ?
9. The principal axis of a lens is a line passing through the …………………..of the lens and perpendicular to
both the faces of the lens
10. A concave lens is …………………in the middle but thicker at the edges.
11. ASSERTIONS AND REASONS
Two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Incident ray is directed towards the centre of curvature of spherical mirror. After reflection it
retraces its path.
Reason: Angle of incidence i = Angle of reflection r = 00.
12. “Vehicles in this mirror are closer than they appear”. Why is this warning printed on the side view mirror
of most vehicles?
13. Which of the above amongst 2 lens and 2 mirrors, is used at Hair pin bents on ROAD
(a)Concave lens
(b) Convex mirror
(c)Convex lens
(d)Concave mirror
14. A ray of light is refracted as per the following diagram. Which media A or B is optically denser than other.
15. The angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray is 600 . What is the angle of incidence?
16. How can you identify the three types of mirrors without touching?
17. Sweta wants to obtain a sharp image beyond 2F using a convex lens, where the object should be placed?
(a) At infinity
(b) Between F1 and 2F1
(c) At F1
(d) Between F1 and O

18. Analyse the following observation table showing the variation of image distance (v) with respect to the
object distance (u) in case of a convex lens and answer the questions that follow, without doing any
calculations:
S.N Object distance(u) cm Image distance(v) cm
1 -100 +25
2 -60 +30
3 -40 +40
4 -30 +60
5 -10 +10
Write the serial no. of the observation that is not correct. Why
19. The phenomena in the case of mirror and lens respectively are
a) Refraction and Refraction
b) Reflection and Refraction
c) Reflection and Reflection
d) Refraction and Reflection
20. The focal length of the plane mirror is
a)Infinity
b) Zero
c)Negative
d)None of these
21. A virtual image twice as big as the object is formed by a convex lens when theobject is 10 cm away from
it .A real image twice as big as the object will beformed whenitisplaced at adistance fromthelens
a)40cm b)60cm c)20cm d) 70cm
22. Figure shows a ray of light as it travels from medium A to B. Refractive index of medium B with
respect to A is
 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
23. ASSERTIONS AND REASONS
Two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Assertion (A).The value of F in a concave mirror is taken as –ve and in a convex mirror is taken as +ve.
Reason(R). All distances measured to the right of the origin are taken as +ve and those measured along the
left of the origin are taken as –ve.

24. Assertion(A): For observing traffic at back, the driver mirror is convex mirror.
Reason(R): A convex mirror has much larger field of view than a plane mirror.
25. A ray of light falls normally on the surface of a transparent glass slab. Draw a ray diagram to show its path
and also mark angle of incidence and angle of emergence
26. List two possible ways in which a concave mirror can produce a magnified image of an object placed in
front of it. State the difference, if any, between these two images.
27. Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the path of the reflected ray corresponding to an incident ray of light
parallel to the principal axis of a convex mirror. Mark the angle of incidence and angle of reflection on it
28. Name the type of mirrors used in the design of solar furnaces. Explain how high temperature is achieved by
this device.
29. Therearecertainrulesfortheimageformationinsphericalmirror.Whichofthefollowingare applicable in convex
mirror?
(i) In a convex mirror a ray of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection appears to diverge
from the focus.
(ii) In a convex mirror a ray of light directed towards the centre of curvature after reflection is reflected
back along the same direction.
(iii) In a convex mirror a ray of light passing through the optical centre goes without any deviation.
(iv) In a convex mirror a ray of light directed towards the focus after reflection goes parallel to the
principal axis.
 Choose the correct option
(a) (i)(ii)and (iii) (b) (i) (ii)and (iv) (c) (ii) (iiii)and (iv) (d) (i) (iii)and (iv)
30. Akash is studying in class X. He thinks about various changes related to light in his surroundings after the
completion of a chapter about light in his school. The teacher taught him that light is a form of energy
which involves the phenomena of reflection, refraction, polarization etc. He also learnt about the formation
of image. When light rays actually meet, these results in formation of real image and when they appear to
meet, a virtual image is formed
The image formed on a cinema screen and image formed in our eyes, are examples of: A. Real and Virtual
C. Virtual and Real B. Real and Real D. Virtual and Virtual
31. If the angle between the mirror and the incident ray is 50°, then the angle of reflection is
a. 40° b. 50° c. 60° d. 110°
32. A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards, then it is a
a. plane mirror. b. convex mirror.
c. concave mirror. d. either convex or concave mirror.
33. The mirror used as a rear-view mirror in a car or truck is
a. plane. b. concave. c. convex. d. parabolic.
34. Magnification produced by a convex mirror is always
a. more than 1. b. less than 1.
c. equal to 1. d. more or less than 1.
35. A light ray does not bend at the boundary in passing from one medium to the other medium if the
angle of
incidence is
a. 0° b. 90° c. 45° d. 60°
36. When a ray of light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium, it
a. deviates towards the normal. b. does not deviate.
c. deviates away from normal. d. gets reflected.
37. If the refractive index of water with respect to air is 4/3, then refractive index of air with respect to
water is
a. 0.50 b. 3.75 c. 0.75 d. 0.25
38. Assertion : If both plane mirror and object are moved through a distance x , then the image
moves through a distance 2x .
Reason : When the object is fixed and plane mirror is moved through a distance x . Then the
image is also moves through the distance 2x .
39. Assertion : Refractive index has no units.
Reason : The refractive index is a ratio of two
similar quantities.
40. Assertion : Large concave mirrors are used to
concentrate sunlight to produce heat in solar cookers.
Reason : Concave mirror converges the light rays
falling on it to a point.
1.
41. The image shows an object is placed in front of a concave mirror.

Where would the reflected rays meet for the image formation to take place?
a) Between F and P b) Beyond C
c) Between C and F c) Behind the mirror
42. Aditi takes the following two photographs of the text in a book, first while keeping a circular piece
 of glass on the book, and then while holding it at some distance above the book. Which of the
following statements is true about the piece of glass?

a) It is a convex lens as the text is not inverted.

b) It is a concave lens as the text is diminished in size.
c) It is a plain disc as there is no difference in the text.
d) It cannot be predicted based on the given information.
43. In the diagram shown below, a beam of light is travelling from inside a glass slab to air. Which of
the marked paths will the ray of light take as it emerges from the glass slab?

a) P b) Q c) R d) None of them

44. Beams of lights are incident through the holes A and B and emerge out of box through the holes
C and D respectively as shown in the figure.

Which of the following could be inside the box?

a) A rectangular glass slab b) A convex lens
c) A concave lens d) a prism
45. Study the given ray diagram and select the correct statement from the following:

a) Device X is a concave mirror and device Y is a convex lens, whose focal lengths are 20cm and
25cm respectively.
b) Device X is a convex lens and device Y is a concave mirror, whose focal lengths are 10cm and
 25cm respectively.
c) Device X is a concave lens and device Y is a convex mirror, whose focal lengths are 20cm and
25cm respectively.
d) Device X is a convex lens and device Y is a concave mirror, whose focal lengths are 20cm and
25cm respectively.

46. The image shows the path of light travelling through a glass slab. What causes the ray of light to
deviate from its original path?

a) Change in the temperature of the air.

b) Change in the amount of the light.
c) Change in the direction of the wind flow.
d) Change in the density of the medium.

47. Which one of the following ray diagram is correct for the ray of light incident on a lens as shown
in figure?

48. Shown below is a photograph of a convex lens. A small, bright spot is seen on the paper when
the lens is kept out facing the sun.
 a) Only P b) only Q c) only R d) both P and Q

49. An ant was in front of a convex lens as shown below.

a) b) c) d)
50. A beam of light consisting of three rays P, Q R is incident on a transparent plastic block from air
as shown in the figure below.

Which of the following statements is true?

a) Refractive index for P is greater than that for Q.
b) Refractive index for P is greater than that for R.
c) Refractive index for R is greater than that for Q.
d) Refractive index for P, Q and R is the same.

51. A student does the experiment on tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for
different angles of incidence. He can get a correct measure of the angle of incidence and the angle of emergence by
following the labeling indicated in figure:
52. If the power of a lens is – 2 D, what is its focal length?
(a) +50 cm
(b) -100 cm
(c) -50 cm
(d) +100 cm
53. In which of the following is a concave mirror used?
(a) A solar cooker
(b) A rear view mirror in vehicles
(c) A safety mirror in shopping malls
(d) In viewing full size image of distant tall buildings

54. Beams of light are incident through holes A and B and emerge out of the box through holes C and D, respectively, as
shown in the Figure 10.3. Which of the following could be inside the box?

(a) A rectangular glass slab

(b) A convex lens
(c) A concave lens
(d) A prism

55. If the magnification produced by a lens has a negative value, the image will be
(a) virtual and inverted
(b) virtual and erect
(c) real and erect
(d) real and inverted
56. A beam of light is incident through the holes on side A and emerges out of the holes on the other face of the box as
shown in the Figure.10.4 Which of the following could be inside the box?
(a) Concave lens
(b) Rectangular glass slab
(c) Prism
(d) Convex lens
57. When we insert a coin to a glass half filled with water then coin appears as raised slightly which is due to:
(a) Reflection
(b) Refraction
(c) Diffraction
(d) Dispersion
58. When the object is placed between C (center of curvature) and F (focus) in case of concave mirror then the image
formed will be at:
a) At C
b) At infinity
c) Beyond C
d) At F
59. Figure shows a ray of light as it travels from
medium A to medium B. Refractive index of the
medium B relative to medium A is
(a) √3 / √2
(b) √2 /√ 3
(c) 1/ √2
(d) √2

60. The bouncing back of the ray in the same medium is called as
(a) Reflection
(b) Refraction
(c) Diffraction
(d) Dispersion
61. The number of images formed by two plane mirror inclined at and 60 degree angle of an object placed symmetrically between
mirror is
a) 5 b) infinity c) 6 d) 7
62. Choose the wrong statement
a) a concave mirror can form a magnified real image
b) a concave mirror can form a magnified virtual image
c) a convex mirror can form a diminished virtual image
d) a convex mirror can form diminished real image
63. Given a point source of light which of the following can produce a parallel beam of light?
a) concave lens
b) two plane mirrors inclined at 90 degree to each other
 c) convex mirror
d) concave mirror
64. For a real object a convex mirror always forms and image which is
a) virtual and erect b) real and magnified
c) real and inverted d) virtual and inverted
65. An objective 20cm from a spherical mirror give rise to a virtual image 15 cm behind the mirror. The type of the mirror and its
focal length is
a) concave, 8.5 cm
b) convex, 30 cm
c) concave, 60 cm
d) convex 60 cm
66. A convex mirror has a focal length 15 cm. Real object placed at a distance 15 cm in front of it from the pole produces an image
at
a) 7.5 cm
b) 30 cm
c) infinity
d)15 cm
67. A person standing in front of a mirror finds his image thinner but with normal height. This implies that the mirror is
a) convex and cylindrical with axis vertical
b) convex and cylindrical with axis horizontal
c) convex and spherical
d) concave and horizontal
68. A person standing in front of a mirror find his image larger than himself. This implies that the mirror is
a) concave
b) cylindrical with bulging side outwords
c) plane
d) convex

69. All of the following statements are correct except

a) a virtual , erect, magnified image can be formed using a concave mirror
b) a real, inverted, same sized image can be formed using convex mirror
c) the magnification produced by a convex mirror is always less than 1
d) a virtual, erect, same size image can be obtained by using a plane mirror
70. Which of the following can produce a virtual image?
a) plane mirror
b) concave mirror c) convex lens
d) all of these
VSA 2 MARKS EACH
1.
For a spherical mirror having small aperture, the principal focus (F) lies exactly mid-way between the pole
(P) and centre of curvature (C) . So, the focal length of a spherical mirror (a concave mirror or a convex
mirror) is equal to half of its radius of curvature. If f is the focal length of a spherical mirror and R is its
radius of curvature, then : f =R/2

The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 40 cm, what is its focal length ?
2. If we move the object more and more away from the pole of the convex mirror, the image becomes smaller
and smaller in size and moves away from the mirror towards its focus but it remains virtual and erect for all
the positions of the object. And when the object is at infinity, the image is formed at the focus.
If you want to see an enlarged image of your face, state whether you will use a concave mirror or a convex
mirror ?

3. The refraction of light is due to the change in the speed of light on going from one medium to another.
Thus, when light goes from one medium to another, its speed changes. And this change in speed of light
causes the refraction of light.
When a ray of light goes from a denser medium to a rarer medium, will it bend towards the normal or away
from the normal ?
4. Draw a ray diagram in each of the following cases to show the formation of an image when an object is
 placed
a) at 2𝑭𝟏 of a convex lens
b) at C of a concave mirror.
5. a) State the relation between focal length ‘f ‘and power of a lens ‘P’.
b) Write mirror formula. &
Define ‘focal length’ of a mirror.
6. (a) A ray of light falls normally on a face of a glass slab. What are the values of angle of incidence and
angle of refraction of this ray?
(b) Light enters from air to a medium ‘X’. Its speed in medium‘X’becomes1.5× 108m/s. The speed of light
in air is 3x108m/s. Find the refractive index of medium ‘X’.
7. Draw a ray diagram showing the path of rays of light when it enters with oblique incidence (i)from
air into water; (ii) from water into air.
OR
Why does a light ray incident on a rectangular glass slab immersed in any medium emerges parallel to itself
? Explain using a diagram.
8. AB and CD, two spherical mirrors, from parts of a hollow spherical ball with its centre at O as shown in the
diagram. If arc AB = 12 arc CD, what is the ratio of their focal lengths? State which of the two mirrors will
always form virtual image of an object placed in front of it and why?

9.

The image shows the path of incident rays to a concave mirror. Where would the reflected rays
meet for the image formation to take place? What will be the nature and size of image formed?
10. Ram placed a glass slab on a drawing sheet and marked its boundaries PQRS. Then he removed
the glass slab and drew lines and angles as shown in the given figure. He observed the path of
light through the glass slab. Where does the incident and emergent ray meet in this figure? Give
reason for your answer.

11. Consider these indices of refraction: glass: 1.52; air: 1.0003; water: 1.333.
Based on the refractive indices of three materials, arrange the speed of light through them in
decreasing order.
12. Show diagrammatically, how two converging lenses should be arranged so that a parallel beam
becomes parallel after passing through two lenses.
13. A lens produces a magnification of -0.5. Is this a converging or diverging lens? If the focal length
of the lens is 6cm, draw a ray diagram showing the image formation in this case.
14. In the following figures, one lens is placed inside each box. State the nature of the lens. Complete
 the ray diagrams.

15. Rahul finds out that the sharp image of the window pane of her science laboratory is formed at a distance of 15 cm
from the lens. She now tries to focus the building visible to her outside the window instead of the window pane
without disturbing the lens.
a) In which direction will she move the screen to obtain a sharp image of the building?
b) What is the approximate focal length of this lens?
16. You are given three lenses.
i) a concave lens of focal length 25 cm.
ii) a convex lens of focal length ¼ m and
iii) a convex lens of focal length 100 cm.
Which combination out of these three lenses will form a lens of zero power?
17. A lemon kept in water in a glass tumbler appears to be bigger than its actual size, when viewed from the sides.
Explain why?.
18. A ray of light is incident on a convex mirror as shown. Redraw the diagram and complete the path of
this Ray after reflection from the mirror. Mark angle of incidence and angle of reflection on it.

19. calculate the refractive index of the given situation.

20. AB and CD , two spherical mirrors form parts of a hollow spherical ball with its centre at O as shown in the diagram. If arc AB =
1/2 arc CD, what is the ratio of their focal length? State which of the two mirror will always form virtual image of an object
place in front of it and why.

21.

SA 3 MARKS EACH
1. When we look into a pool of water, we do not see the actual bottom of the pool, we see a virtual image of
the bottom of the pool which is formed by the refraction of light coming from the pool water into the air.
A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water. Does the ray of light bend towards the normal or
away from the normal ?Why ?
2. The refractive index of a medium gives an indication of the light-bending ability of that medium. For
example, the refractive index of glass is greater than the refractive index of water, therefore, the light rays
bend more on passing from air into glass than from air into water. We will now solve one problem based on
refractive index.
A beam of light passes from air into a substance X. If the angle of incidence be 72° and the angle of
refraction be 40°, calculate the refractive index of substance X. (Given : sin 72° = 0.951 and sin 40° =
0.642)

3. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 80 cm in front of a mirror by keeping the candle
flame at a distance of 20 cm from its pole.
(i) Which type of mirror should the student use?
(ii) Find the magnification of the image produced.
 (iii) Find the distance between the object and its focus.
4. A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is the object placed
from the lens? Also find the size and nature of the image.
5. Draw the figure showing refraction in glass slab along with labelling showing lateral displacement.
6. The linear magnification produced by a spherical mirror is +3.
(a) Analyse this value and state the type of mirror used and position of the object with
respect to the pole of the mirror.
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in thiscase.
7. “A lens can form a magnified erect image as well as magnified inverted image of an object placed in
front of it”. State the nature of this lens and draw ray diagrams to justify the above statement.
Mark the positions of O,F and 2F in the diagram.
8. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave lens when an object is placed
(a) At the focus of the lens
(b) Between focus and twice the focal length of the lens
(c) Beyond twice the focal length of the lens
9. An object of height, h is placed at a distance of 30 cm from the optical center O of a convex lens
of focal length 20 cm. Illustrate the position and size of the image formed with appropriate ray
diagram. Mark optical center O and principal focus F on the diagram.
Also, give the approximate ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object.
10. A student determines the focal length of a device X, by focusing the image of a far off object on
the screen positioned as shown in the figure below:

a. Identify this device X.

Explain the nature of the image obtained on the screen.
11. a. Define Refractive Index.
The speed of light, in a given medium, is 2/3rd of its speed in vacuum. Calculate the absolute
refractive index of the medium.
12. (i) What will happen to a ray of light when it falls normally on a surface? Show it diagrammatically.
(ii) Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, incident ray and reflected ray
will always be parallel to each other, whatever may be the angle of incidence. Show the same
with the help of a ray diagram.

13. A student holding a mirror in his hand, directed the reflecting surface of the mirror towards the
Sun. He then directed the reflected light on to a sheet of paper held close to the mirror.
(i) What should he do to burn the paper?
(ii) Which type of mirror does he have?
(iii) Will he be able to determine the approximate value of focal length of this mirror from this
activity? Give reason and draw ray diagram to justify your answer in this case.
14. (i) On entering in a medium from air, the speed of light becomes half of its value in air. Find the
refractive index of that medium with respect to air?
(ii) A glass slab made of a material of refractive index n1 is kept in a mediumof refractive index
n2. A light ray incident on the slab, if (a) n1 > n2 (b) n1 = n2 (c) n1< n2.
15. One half of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm is covered with a black paper. Can such a lens produce an image of a
complete object placed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens?
 A 4 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave lens of focal length 20 cm. The distance
of the object from the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position and size of the image.
16. Define power of a lens. What is its unit? One student uses a lens of
focal length 50 cm and another of –50 cm. What is the nature of
the lens and its power used by each of them?
17. Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, incident ray and reflected ray will always be parallel
to each other, whatever may be angle of incidence. Show the same with the help of a diagram.
18. draw the following diagram in which a Ray of light is incident on a concave and convex mirror on your answer sheet. Show the
path of this Ray after reflection in each case.

19 all student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 80 cm in front of a mirror by keeping the candle flame at a
distance of 20 cm from its pole.
a) which type of mirror should the student use?
b) find the magnification of the image produced.
c) Find the distance between the object and its image ?
d) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case and mark the distance between the object and its image.
20 A student holding a mirror in his hand direct to the reflecting surface of the mirror towards the sun. He then direct it the
reflected light on to a shit of paper held closed to the mirror.
a) what should he do to burn the paper?
b) Which type of mirror does he have?
c) will he be able to determine the approximate value of focal length of this mirror from this activity? give reason and draw ray
diagram to justify your answer in this case.

CASE BASED QUESTIONS 4 MARKS

1.

The type of image formed by a convex lens depends on the position of the object in front of the lens. We
can place the object at different positions (or distances) from a convex lens to get different types of images.
We can place the object :(i) between the optical centre (C) and focus (ii) at the focus (F  and 2F(iii)
between F (iv) at 2F , and(v) beyond 2F (vi) at infinity.
i) Where should an object be placed so that a real and inverted image of the same size is obtained
by a convex lens ?
ii) List any two Uses of Convex Lenses
iii) Name the lens which can concentrate sun’s rays to a point and burn a hole in a piece of paper.
2. When light ray goes from one transparent medium to another transparent medium, it suffers a change in
direction, into second medium. The extent of the change in direction suffered by the phenomenon of
change in the path of light rays when going from one medium to another medium is known as refraction.
Refraction in a given pair of media can be expressed in terms of refractive index. The refractive index is
related to an important physical quantity in the relative speed of light in different media.
(i) A ray of light enters into the medium ‘b’ from medium ‘a’. If angle i=45 0 and angle r =400 ,
which medium is denser and why?
(ii) What is absolute refractive index?
(iii) Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.5. What is the speed of light in the
 glass? The speed of light in vacuum is 3x 10 8 m/s
OR
Refractive index of diamond with respect to glass is 1.6 and absolute refractive index of glass is 1.5. Find
out the absolute refractive index of diamond.
3. Answer the questions based on your understanding of the following paragraph and the related
studied concepts.
A stick immersed in water appears to be bent. A stick immersed in water reflects light rays. These
rays when travelling in water travel in a straight line path but when they go from water to air, they
deviate from their path and get deflected away from the normal. When these refracted rays are
produced, they appear to meet at point "I" which is higher than the actual point that is 'O'. Therefore,
a stick immersed in water appears to be bent due to refraction.
(a)Define lateral displacement.
(b) What is the cause of the refraction of light?
(c) Explain Snell’s law.
OR
Which quantity remains constant in case of refraction?

4.

CASE STUDY

Suman wanted to see the stars of night sky. She knows that she needs a telescope to see those distant
stars. She finds out that telescopes, which are made of lenses are called refracting telescope, the ones
which are made of mirrors are called reflecting telescopes. So she decided to make a refracting telescope.
She bought two lenses out of which one is bigger and another is smaller. The larger lens gather and
bend the light while the smaller lens magnifies the image. Big, thick lenses are more powerful. Soto see
far away, she needed a big powerful lens. Unfortunately She realized that a big lens is very heavy. Heavy
lenses are hard to make and difficult to hold in the right place. Also since the light is passing through the
lens, the surface of the lens has to be extremely smooth. Any flaws in the lens will change the image. It
would be like looking through a dirty window.
(a) Based on the diagram shown, what kind of lenses Suman need to make telescope?
(b) If the power of objective lens and eyepiece lens are in the ratio 4:1. What will be the ratio of focal
length of objective lens and eye piece lens?
(c) Suman did some preliminary experiments with the lenses and found out that the magnification of
eyepiece lens is 3.If in her experiment with eyepiece she found an image at 24 cm from the lens, what
distance did she put the object?
 OR
(c )Draw a ray diagram to show image formation by a concave mirror when a ray of light incident
parallel to the principal axis.
5. CASE STUDY
Answer the questions based on your understanding of the following paragraph and the related studied
concepts.
Relationship between the distance of object from the lens (u),distance of image from the lens (v) and the
focal length (f) of the lens is called lens formula. It can be written as1/f=1/v−1/u. The size of image
formed by a lens depends on the position of the object from the lens. A lens of Short focal length has
more power where as a lens of long focal length has less power. When the Lens is convex, the power is
positive and for concave lens, the power is negative. The magnification produced by a lens is the ratio of
height of image to the height of object as the Size of the image relative to the object is given by linear
magnification (m).When ,m is negative, image formed is real and when m is positive, image formed is
virtual. If m < 1, Size of image is smaller than the object. If m>1, size of image is larger than the object.
(a) Aconvexlensformsanimageofmagnification-2of the height of image is 6 cm. Find
the height of Object.
(b) State the nature of image formed when the object is placed at a distance less than the focal length of
a convex lens.
(c)The object is placed 50 cm from a lens and produces a virtual image at a distance of 10 cm in front of
lens. Find the focal length of the lens.

6. i. The correct path of a ray of light passing from air to kerosene oil and from kerosene oil to
water is

a. A b. B c. C d. D
ii. State Snell’s Law.
iii. Give reason why refractive index has no unit.
7. The curved surface of a spoon can be considered as a spherical mirror. A highly smooth polished
surface is called mirror. The mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards or outwards is
called a spherical mirror. Inner part works as a concave mirror and the outer bulging part acts as
a convex mirror. The centre of the reflecting surface of a mirror is called pole and the radius of
the sphere of which the mirror is formed is called radius of curvature.
 i. When a concave mirror is held towards the sun and its sharp image is formed on a piece
of carbon paper for some time, a hole is burnt in the carbon paper. What is the name given
to the distance between the mirror and carbon paper?
ii. The normal at any point on the mirror passes through
a. Focus b. Pole
b. Centre of curvature d. Any point
iii. Give two points of difference between Concave mirror and Convex mirror.
8. It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12cm.
(i) What should be the range of distance of an object placed in front of the mirror?
(ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than the object? Draw the ray diagram to show the
formation of the image in this case.
(iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24cm in front of the mirror? Draw ray
diagram for this situation also to justify your answer.Show the positions of pole, principal focus
and the centre of curvature in the above ray diagrams.
9. Playing with an old lens one morning, Ravi discovers that if he holds the lens 10cm away from
wall opposite to a window, he can see a sharp but up-side down picture of outside world on the
wall. That evening, he covers a lighted lamp with a piece of opaque paper on which he was
pierced, a small hole 1mm in diameter. By placing the lens between the illuminated card and the
wall, he manages to produce a sharp image of diameter 5mm on the wall. Answer the following
questions based on the above information:
(i) What is the power of the lens?
(ii) In the evening experiment, how far away from the opaque paper did he place the lens?
(iii) How far apart were the card and the wall?
10. Rishi went to a palmist to show his palm. The palmist used a special lens for this purpose.
(i) State the nature of the lens and reason for its use.
(ii) Where should the palmist place/hold the lens so as to have a real and magnified image of an object?
(iii) If the focal length of this lens is 10 cm, the lens is held at a distance of 5 cm from the palm, use lens formula to
find the position and size of the image.
11. An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw the ray diagram
and find the position, size and the nature of the image formed.
12. a) if the image formed by a mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always diminished erect and virtual state
the type of the mirror and also draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. Write one use such mirror a put to and why.

b) define the radius of curvature of spherical mirror. Find the nature and focal length of spherical mirror whose radius of
curvature is 24 cm.
13. if the image formed by a lens for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always virtual erect and diminished , state the
type of the lens. Draw a ray diagram in support of your answer. If the numerical value of focal length of such a lens is 20 cm,
find its power in new cartesians sign convention.
14.
LA ( 5MARKS)
1. The unit of the power of a lens is dioptre, which is denoted by the letter D. One dioptre is the power of a
lens whose focal length is 1 metre. The power of a lens can be measured directly by using an instrument
called diopter meter. It is used by opticians to measure the power of spectacle lenses.
A person got his eyes tested by an optician. The prescription for the spectacle lenses to be made reads : Left
eye : + 2.50 D Right eye : + 2.00 D
(a) State whether these lenses are thicker in the middle or at the edges.
(b) Which lens bends the light rays more strongly?
(c) State whether these spectacle lenses will converge light rays or diverge light rays.
2. Answer the questions that follow on the basis of your understanding of the following paragraph and the
related studied concepts:

A taxi driver was driving his taxi on road. Suddenly in his rear-view mirror, he saw an over-speeding car
coming from behind as if the he had lost his control over the car. The taxi driver immediately turned his car
towards the side of the road and stopped. Soon after that the speeding car collided with another car ahead
 and met with an accident. The taxi driver came out of the car and went towards the accident site. He took
the injured person to the nearby hospital.

a) What type of mirror is used for rear-view in the car? Mention the nature of the image formed.

b) Name the mirror that can form both real and virtual image. Also draw the ray diagram of a concave
mirror when the object is placed between principal focus and pole of the mirror.

c) Plane mirrors are not used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles. Give reason
d)Draw the ray diagram of a convex mirror when the object is placed anywhere
between infinity and pole of the mirror.
e) Where the object is required to be placed to get the image of least size?
3. A student of class X placed the object in front of a convex lens at different distance from it and
recorded the image distance as per the given data in the following table.

SLNO. Object distance ‘U’ in cm Image distance‘ V’in cm

1 -60 +12

2 -30 +15

3 -20 +20

4 -15 +30

5 -12 +60

6 -9 +90

Read the above paragraph and answer the following questions.

(a) Find the focal length of the convex lens.
(b) At which of the position of the object from the lens, image formed by the above convex lens
will be real, inverted and magnified.
(c) Can a convex lens can be used a magnifying glass? State the reason.
OR
(c)Draw the ray diagram for the formation of virtual image by the convex lens.

4. A 10 cm long pencil is placed 5 cm in front of a concave mirror having a radius of curvature of 40 5

cm.
a. Determine the position of the image formed by this mirror.
b. What is the size of the image?
Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image as mentioned in the part (i)
5. If rays parallel to the axis fall on the thin lens, they will be focused to a point called focal point, F. 5
This will not be precisely true for a lens with spherical surfaces. But it will be very nearly true; i.e.,
parallel rays will be focused to a tiny region, if the diameter of the lens is small compared to radii
of the curvature of the two lens surfaces. This condition is satisfied by a thin lens.
 By drawing the same three rays we can determine the image position for diverging lens.

To find the image point by drawing rays would be difficult if we had to determine all the refractive
angles. So, to find the image point, we need to consider only three rays which show an arrow as
the object and a converging lens forming an image to the right. The three rays are dawn as
follows
(i) Ray 1 is drawn on a line parallel to the axis; therefore it is refracted so it passes along though
the focal point
(ii) Ray 2 is drawn on a line, passing though the other focal point F and emerges from the lens
parallel to the axis
(iii) Ray 3 is directed towards the very centre of the lens where the two surfaces are essentially
parallel to each other; this ray therefore emerges from the lens at the same angle as it entered.
Any two of these rays will suffice to locate the image point, which is the point where they
intersect. In this way, we can find the image point for one of the object. The image for all other
points on the objects can be found similarly to determine complete image of the object.
(i) How will the image formed by convex lens be affected if the upper half of the lens is wrapped
with the black paper?
(ii) What will be the object distance to form an image twice the size of object, using a convex lens
of focal length 20 cm?
(iii) The refractive index of glass with respect to air 3/2 and the refractive index of water with
respect to air is 4/3. What will be refractive index of glass with respect to water?

6. a) A child reads words of a book with the help of a convex lens keeping it close to the book. He finds words
enlarged and erect when he gradually withdraws the lens away from the book. At one position, the words
again become distinctly visible but this time, these are enlarged and inverted. Explain the difference with the
help of a ray diagram for both cases.
b) An object is held at the principal focus of a concave lens of focal length f. Where the image will form.

7. Analysis the following observation table showing variation of image distance (v) with object distance (u) in case of convex lens
and answer the questions that follow without doing any calculation:
 a) what is the focal length of the convex lens? give reason in support of your answer.
b) write the serial number of that observation which is not correct? How did you arrive at this conclusion?
c) take an appropriate scale to draw ray diagram for the observation at serial number 4 and find the approximate value of
magnification.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
ANSWERS FOR MCQs

1. concave
2. a concave lens
3. Concave lens
4. Dioptre
5. clay
6. Correct answer with reason
7. Correct answer
8. focus
9. optical centre
10. thin
11. A
12. Wider view objects in other respect seems farther.
13. B
14. B
15. 300
16. Erect & equal image-plane mirror, diminished-convex mirror, image size changes (enlarged or diminished)
according to position-concave mirror
17. B
18. 5 focal length 20cm object is between f &O. Image must be negative.
19. B
20. A
21. B)60cm
22. (A)
23. (A)
24. (A)
25.

∠i = 0°; ∠r = 0°; ∠e = 0°
26. Case 1. Concave mirror can produce an erect, magnified, virtual image when the object is placed between
 pole and focus of the mirror
Case 2. Concave mirror also produces an inverted, magnified, real image when the object is placed between
the focus and the centre of curvature.

Differences in the images of both the cases

Case 1 Case 2

(i) Image is virtual, i.e., the image is formed behind the (i) Image is real, i.e., it is formed in front of the mir

mirror. (beyond C).

(ii) Image is erect. (ii) Image is inverted.

27.

28. Concave mirrors are used in the designing of solar furnaces.

When a solar furnace is placed at the focus of a large concave mirror, it focuses a parallel beam of light on
the furnace. Therefore, a high temperature is attained at the point after some time.
29. (B)
30. (C)
31. a
32. c
33. c
34. b
35. a
36. c
37. c
38. (A) is true but (R) is false
39. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
40. 0
41. 0
42. 0
43. 0
44. 0
45. 0
46. 0
47. 0
48. 0
 49. 0
50. 0
51. (d)
52. (c) -50 cm
53. (a) A solar cooker
54. (a) A rectangular glass slab
55. (b) virtual and erect
56. (d) Convex lens
57. (b) Refraction
58. (c)Beyond C
59. (a) √3 / √2
60. (a) Reflection
61. a
62. d
63. d
64. a
65. d
66. a
67. a
68. a
69. b
70. d
71.
ANSWERS FOR VSA ( 2 MARKS)
1 20cm
2 concave
3 Away from the normal

5 1 1 1 1
P= 𝑓 , = 𝑣 + 𝑢, focal length distance between focus & pole
𝑓
6 a)00 , 00
b) 2
7

OR
The ray of light bends towards normal when moving from a rarer to
adensermedium,andawayfromnormal when movingfromadensertoararer mediumis
knownasrefractionoflight.
Aglassslab'soppositefacesareparallel.Asaresult,thefirstinterface'sangle of refraction becomes the second
interface's angle ofincidence,<r1=<i2.Theemerging raybends to thepoint where, <i =
<r2.
8 Focal length of a mirror is given by
Focal length = Radius of curvature/2
Since both the mirrors have same radius of curvature, therefore focal length of the two mirrors will be
same, i.e.,
f1/f2 = 1/1
Since virtual image is always formed by convex mirror. The mirror AB will always form virtual image.
9 Image will be formed between C and F. Real, inverted and diminished image.
10 Incident ray and Emergent ray meet at Infinity as the emergent ray shifts laterally after light
refracts from its original path due to change in medium.
11 The speed of light in air > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in glass.
12 Since u= -30 cm; f = 20 cm thus, object is between F & 2F

Real, inverted and Enlarged image thus, Magnification, m = h’/h

From ray diagram, m > 1.
13 If the distance between two lenses becomes equal to sum of their focal lengths, then the parallel
beam of light will emerge parallel after through the second lens.

14 The image will be real and inverted, since the magnification has a negative value. The lens that
can produce a real and inverted image is a converging lens.
 In the figure OF1=OF2=6cm
15 (a) He has to move the screen towards the lens, as for a convex lens, the image distance increases from the lens with
the decreasing object distance and vice-versa.Final image is at the focus
(b) The focal length will be slightly less than 15 cm as the building can be treated as an object at infinite distance.
16 Combination of concave lens of focal length of 25 cm and a convex lens of focal length of ¼ m

17 As the ray of light comes into air from the different points on the surface of a lemon kept in w water in a glass
tumbler, it bends away from the normal, i.e. there is a change in the direction of propagation of light due to
refraction. So the ray of light appears to come from a point different from that of the actual point.
18

19

20 the focal length of a spherical mirror depends only on the radius of curvature of the hollow sphere of which the mirror is a part
( f = R/2). Both spherical mirrors are the part of the same hollow spherical ball. Hence, their radius of curvature is same.
Therefore, ratio of their focal length will be 1:1. Mirror AB will always form a virtual image of an object placed in front of its
because it is a convex mirror.

ANSWERS FOR SA ( 3 MARKS)

1. Towards, rarer to denser medium
2. refractive index of substance X is 1.48.
3. (i) concave
(ii) -4
(iii)4
4. For adiabatic process PV γ=K
1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 −3+2 −1
= − = - = - = = 30 u= -30 cm
𝑓 𝑣 𝑢 −15 −10 𝑢 𝑢 −10 −15 30
 𝑣 −10 1
m= 𝑢 = −30 = 3 image size is 1/3rd virtual& erect.

5.

6. R.I YX =1.71/1.44=1.18
R.Iy = c/vy
Vy = 3*108/1.75*108 m/s
c.bcz the numerator is the value of speed of light c.

7. Convexlens
Correctraydiagramforeachcase
Markingofposition
8. (a)

(b) Thefollowing arethelawsofrefractionoflight.

(i) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the interface of two transparent media
at the point of incidence ,alllie in the same plane.
(ii) The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant ,for the
light of a given colour and for the given pair of media. This law is also known as Snell’s law of
refraction.
Ifiistheangleofincidenceandristheangleofrefraction,then,

9. Since u= -30 cm; f = 20 cm thus, object is between F & 2F

Real, inverted and Enlarged image thus, Magnification, m = h’/h

From ray diagram, m > 1.
10. a. Convex lens.
Real and inverted image formed as the rays from infinity intersect each other after refraction from
Convex lens.
11. a. Refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio of the velocity of light in medium 1 and
the velocity of light in that medium 2.
µ = 3/2
12. (i) When a ray of light falls normally on a surface of a medium, then no bending of ray occurs. It
means the light goes straight from one medium to another.

(ii) When two plane mirrors are placed at right angle to each other, then the incident and reflected
rays will always be parallel to each other.

13. (i) To burn the paper,the student should move the mirror in such a way that paper is positioned at
the focus of the mirror.
(ii) Thestudent have concave mirror. An image of the sun is formed at the focus of the concave
mirror.
(iii) Yes, since the Sun’s image is formed at the focus of the concave mirror, therefore, the
distance of the Sun’s image from the concave mirror will give the approximate value of the focal
length of the mirror.

14. (i) Refractive index of a medium (n) = velocity of light in vacuum/ velocity of light in the medium
Let the velocity of light in vacuum be v1 and velocity of light in the medium be v2.
v2 = v1/2
hence, n= v1/ v2 = v1/ v1/2 =2

(ii)
15.

16 The degree of convergence or divergence of light rays achieved by a lens is expressed in terms of its power. The
power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length. It is represented by the letter P. The power P of a lens
of focal length f (in m) is given by
P=1/f

The SI unit of power of a lens is ‘dioptre’. It is denoted by the letter D.

The power of a convex lens is positive and that of a concave lens is negative. Thus, the lens with focal length 50 cm
is convex and that with -50cm is convex. Their powers are +2 D and -2 D respectively.
17 When two plane mirrors, like A and B, are placed perpendicular to each other, the incident ray and reflected ray will
always be parallel to each other, whatever may be the angle of incidence.

18
19 ) concave mirror
b) magnification,
m = -v/u
= - (-80/-20)
= -4
c) the focal length of the concave mirror is calculated by

Since u = - 20 cm, it implies that the object lies in between F and C.

20 ) we should adjust the position of paper until bright shop image of the sun is obtained on the paper.
b) Concave mirror
c) yes, the distance between the mirror and paper gives an approximate value of focal length of the mirror.
 21
ANSWERS FOR CBQ ( 4 MARKS)
1. i) at twice the focal length. ii) any two iii) Convex lens
2. (i) b bent towards normal
(ii) refractive index of the medium with respect to air
(iii) 2x 108 m/s
OR
Refractive index of diamond with respect to glass ndg=1.6
Refractive index of glass ng=1.5
Refractive index of diamond nd=?
Refractive index of diamond with respect to glass ndg=ngnd
So,the refractive index of diamond nd=ndg×ng
or, nd=1.6×1.5=2.4

3. a) Lateral displacement is the perpendicular distance between the incident ray and the emergent
ray.
b) When light ray goes from one transparent medium to another transparent medium, it suffers a
change in direction, into second medium.
c) Snell's law relates the sines of the angles of incidence and the angles of refraction.
sin i
=n21
sin r

OR
The frequency of the light does not change on its refraction.
4. a)Convexlenses
b)1:4
c)m=v/u,3=24/u,sou=8cm
OR
c)raydiagram
5. )m=–2, h2=–6 cm,h1=?
ℎ2
𝑚= = -2
ℎ 1
−6
ℎ1= =3𝑐𝑚
−2
(b)virtual anderect,enlarged
(c)u=-50cm,v =-10 cm
1 1 1
− =
𝑣 𝑢 ƒ
1 1 1
− =
−10 (−50) ƒ
1 1 1
− =
50 10 ƒ
1 1−5 −4
= =
ƒ 50 50
f=–12.5cm
OR
 Given,
f =20cm , h=4cm , u= – 10 cm1/v–1/u=1/f
1 1 1
−=
𝑣 𝑢 ƒ
1 1 1
=+
𝑣 𝑢 ƒ
1 1 1
= −
𝑣 20 10
1 1−2
=
𝑣 20
1 −1
=
20 𝑣
v= – 20cm
6. i. d
ii. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is
constant for the pair of the given media.
Refractive index has no specific unit. Because the refractive index of a medium represents the
ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum of light speed of the same light within the medium, and
ratios do not have any unit.
7. i. Focal length
ii. Centre of curvature
iii. a. Reflecting surface bulged outwards/ inwards.
B. Converging/ diverging
8. (i) The object has to be placed betwee 0 to 12cm in front of the concave mirror between F and P.
(ii) The image will larger than the object.

(ii) The image will form at C in front of the mirror.

9. (i) Since the rays from far away object get focused at the principal focus, distance between lens
and the wall is equal to the focal length 10cm.
 Therefore power of the lens= 1/10 = 0.1D
(ii) In the evening experiment
m= h’/h = -5/1 m= -5
m= v/u v=-5u
using, 1/v -1/u =1/f
we get 1/-5u – 1/u = 1/10
u= -12cm
(iii) v= 60cm
Thus u+ v= 12+ 60 = 72cm
10. (i) The lens used here is a convex lens and it is used as a magnifying glass because at close range, i.eWhen the object
is placed between the optic center and principal focus it forms an enlarged, virtual and erect image of the object.
(ii) When this lens is placed such that the object is between the center of curvature and the principal focus, the
palmist obtains a real and magnified image.
(iii) Given focal length, f = 10 cm and u = -5 cm According to lens formula,

Thus, the image will be formed at 10 cm on the same side of the palm and the size of the image will be enlarged.
11.
12. a) convex mirror (diverging)

Use: the convex mirror can be used as a rear view mirror.

Reason: it always produce says a virtual and erect image the size of image formed is smaller than the object. Therefore it
enables the driver to see a wide field view of the traffic behind the vehicle in a small mirror.

b) radius of curvature the separation between the pole and the centre of curvature are the radius of the hollow sphere of
which the mirror is a part, is called radius of curvature that is PC = R.

since focal length of the mirror is 24 cm.

It indicates that nature of the given spherical mirror is convex that is diverging mirror.
As R = 2f = 24 cm
Therefore. f= 12 cm
13. Does from the figure it is clear that whatever be the position of the object in front of a concave lens the image formed is always
virtual erect and the diminished
power of the given lens is calculated as

KEY 5 MARKS
1. (a) Thicker in the middle
(b) Lens having greater power of + 2.50 D
(c) Converge light rays
2. (a) convex, virtual erect and diminished.
(b) concave,

c) very less area will be visible and left right inversion creates problem
d)
 e) At infinity
3. (a) f=10cm
(b) position=15cm
(c) yes,Whenobjectisplacedbetweenthefocusandopticalcentretheimagewill
virtualandmagnified.
OR

4. a. 1/𝑓 = 1/𝑣 + 1/𝑢 where𝑢 = −5 𝑐𝑚, 𝑓 = 𝑟/2 = −20𝑐m

𝑣 = 20/3
= 6.67 𝑐𝑚
The image is obtained at 6.67m behind the mirror.
b. m = -v/u = 4/3

c.

5. (i) Brightness of the image will be reduced.

(ii) For virtual image u < f and for real image u lies between f and 2f so object will be between
20cm and 40cm.
(iii) nga= refractive index of glass with respect to air
nga= 3/2
Now nag =1/3/2
nwa = refractive index of water with respect to air
 nwa= 4/3
ngw = refractive index of glass with respect to water
Then, nwa.ngw.nag= 1
ngw = 1x3x3/4x2 = 9/8
ngw= 1.125
6. (a) When the child holds the book between the optical center O and F1, an enlarged, virtual and erect image is
formed as shown below:

Again when the child hols the book between F1 and 2F1, words again become distinctly visible as the image
is formed beyond 2F2,and is real, inverted and enlarged as shown below:

(b) Between the optical center (O) and its focus (F)
7. ) the focal length of the convex lens is =15 cm.
Reason : objects at serial number 3 indicates that yu = -30 cm and v = 30 cm.
Thus ,object is at 2F.

b) observation at serial number 6 is not correct. The value u =10 cm, indicates that the object is in between the optical centre
and the focus that is less than the focal length of the lens and hence the image should be on the same side as the object. Hence
the image distance should be negative and cannot be positive the shown in table.

c) ray diagram for the observation at serial number 4

given
u = - 20 cm
v = 60 cm
f= 15 cm