Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬

Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

Connection part Two vocabulary

Unite 1 Waiting
No Word English meaning Pashto meaning
1 Milestone important stage or event in the ،‫ خاطره‬،‫مهمه پیښه‬
development of some thing ‫د واټن دمعلومولو ډبره‬
2 Birth Act of being born ‫ زیږیدنه‬،‫تولد‬
3 Exam Test, examination ‫ ازموینه‬،‫امتحان‬
4 Career Profession, fast run, occupation ‫ دژوند الر‬،‫ حرفه‬،‫مسلک‬
5 Event Happening ‫پیښه‬،‫حادثه‬
6 Hurricane Strong tropical storm ‫ تندباد‬،‫توپان‬
7 Accident Incident, crash ‫ټکر‬
8 Death End of life, dying ‫مرګ‬
9 Marriage coupling ; wedding ceremony ‫کوزده‬،‫واده‬
10 Promotion improvement, development ‫پیشرفت‬،‫پرمختګ‬
11 Experience Skill, knowledge ‫تجربه‬
12 Visit To meet ‫مالقات کول‬
13 Mention To say, to present an issue ‫یادول‬،‫ذکرکول‬
14 Involve To include, to engage,to engross ‫شاملول‬،‫داخلول‬
15 Embarrass To humiliate ‫شرمول‬،‫شرمیدل‬
Unit 2 court Case
S# Words English meanings Pashto meanings
1 Court yard; law court; king's palace ‫ دربار‬،‫محکمه‬
2 Case Occasion, matter ‫ پوښ‬،‫ صندوق‬،‫قضیه‬
3 Bank Place for depositing money ‫بانک‬
4 Robbery Burglary, mugging, act of stealing ‫ چورچپاو ول‬،‫ غال‬،‫لوټماري‬
5 Judge One who presides court trails ‫قاضي‬
6 Jury A body of people judging a competition ‫هیئت‬،‫قضاوت کونکی‬
7 Lawyer a professional person authorized ‫ قانون پوه‬،‫وکیل‬
to practice law
8 Wig Artificial hair ‫ساختګي یامصنوعي وریښتان‬
9 Member A person, belonging to a group ‫شخص‬،‫عضو‬،‫غړي‬
10 Witness Observer, onlooker, testifier ‫شاهدي‬
11 Exhibit Display, show, exhibition ‫ننداره‬
12 Alone Only ‫یواځي‬
13 Ready Prepared, set ‫تیار‬،‫اماده‬

Prepared & design by: 1

Zwan Esthedad English & computer Academy

Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

14 Absolutely Completely, correctly ‫په پوره اوبشپړډول‬

15 Again Once more ‫یوځل بیا‬
Unit (3) how long. How much
S# Words English meanings Pashto meanings
1 Account Deposited money in a bank ‫صورت حساب‬
2 Seat A piece of furniture ‫ چوکۍ‬،‫سیټ‬
3 Movie Film, cinema ‫فلم‬
4 Pair Twin, both ‫دوه‬،‫جوړه‬
5 Officer Commander, administrator ‫دفترامیر‬،‫افسر‬
6 Wind Breeze, gale ‫باد‬
7 Borrow To take on loan ‫په پوراخیستل‬
8 Save To rescue, to conserve ‫ساتل‬
9 Finish To terminate, end ‫ختمول‬،‫مکملول‬
10 Fill To make or become full ‫ډکول‬
11 Unload To be disburden, to be unpack ‫سپکول‬،‫خالي کول‬
12 Exercise To practice ‫تمرین کول‬
13 Jog To run slowly, to exercise ‫کرارځغستل‬
14 Collect To make together ‫جمع کول‬
15 Regular Normal, usual ‫منظم‬
16 Same Similar, alike ‫ یوډول‬،‫یوشی‬
17 Super Outstanding, superior ‫ ډیرښه‬،‫اعلی‬
Unit (4) The twelve months
1 Anxious Worried about bad happened ‫خواشني‬
2 Awful Very bad ‫بد خونده‬
3 Desire Want or need something ‫ تقضا‬،‫غوښتنه‬
4 Consist Made of ‫جور‬
5 Eager Interest, excite, like ‫عالقه شوق‬
6 Household Living in the house ‫د اوسیدو ځاي‬
7 Intent Will, plan to do something ‫اراده‬
8 Landscape Nature area, best place ‫طبعي ځای‬
9 Lift Move it higher, to rise it ‫پورته کول‬
10 Loud To put object and tools in the vehicle ‫بارول‬
11 Lung The organ of breathing (sazhi) ‫سیږي‬
12 Motion To point on by hand ‫په نښه کول اشاره کول‬
13 Pace Step , walk ‫قدم‬
14 Polite Behaviors, morale ‫ادب اخالق‬

Prepared & design by: 2

Zwan Esthedad English & computer Academy

Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

15 Posse see To control and manage ‫کنټرولول‬

16 Rapidly So quickly and fast ‫ ژر‬،‫چابک‬
17 Remark To say something ،‫نښه‬
18 Seek Get advice, look , search ‫پلټنه کول‬
19 Shine To make bright light ‫ځلیدل‬
20 Spill To spread and put down ‫ پاشل‬،‫ خپرول‬،‫تیول‬
Unit (5) Making reservation
1 Section Station, department ‫حصه‬،‫برخه‬،‫ریاست‬
2 Tour Trip, journey ‫سفر‬
3 Mind Brain ‫دماغ‬
4 Ballet A kind of dance ‫یوقسم نڅا‬
5 Area Field ‫ساحه‬
6 Include To contain, to comprise, to take in ‫داخلول‬
7 Expensive Not cheap, dear ‫ قیمتي‬،‫ګران‬
8 Whole Complete, overall ‫مکمل‬،‫ټوله‬
9 Complete Whole ‫ مکمل‬،‫پوره‬
10 International Global, universal ‫بین المللي‬،‫نړیوال‬
Unit (6) new job
1 Advertisement Announcement ‫اعالن‬
2 Salary Payment, income of duty ‫معاش‬
3 Weekend holiday of the week ‫دهفتې اخرنۍ رخصتي ورځي‬
4 Vacation Long holidays ‫رخصتي‬
5 Personal Stuff, workers ‫کارکوونکي‬
6 Personality Character, disposition ‫شخصیت‬
7 Minimum Smallest amount, least amount ‫ډیر لږ‬
8 Branch Section, part, local office ‫بخش‬
9 Advertisement Announcement ‫اعالن‬
10 Apply To request ‫درخواست یا غوښتنه کول‬
11 Lose To miss, to get away ‫ دالسه ورکول‬،‫بایلل‬
12 Specify To describe, to explain ‫ مشخص کول‬،‫معلوم کول‬
13 Resume To recommence ‫بیا شروع کول‬
14 Interested Eager, attracted ‫عالقه مند‬
15 Bored Uninterested ,tired ‫خسته‬
16 Enough adequate amount ‫کافي‬
17 Independent Free ‫مستقل‬،‫ازاد‬
18 Luck Fortune ‫بخت‬

Prepared & design by: 3

Zwan Esthedad English & computer Academy

Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

19 Dynamic Energetic ‫ متحرک‬،‫فعاله‬

20 Available ready for use; attainable ‫ موجود‬،‫په الس کي‬
Unit (7) restaurant kitchen
1 Restaurant Hotel ‫ هوټل‬،‫رسټورانټ‬
2 Kitchen Cooking room ‫اشپزخانه‬
3 Waitress Female servant of hotel ‫دهوټل زنانه خدمتګاره‬
4 Chef Leader of cooks ‫داشپزانو مشر‬
5 Cook One who cooks something ‫اشپز‬
6 Assistant Helper, representative ‫ کومکي‬،‫مرستیال‬
7 Pea A kind of vegetable ‫مټر‬،‫نخود‬
Unit (8) the dragon
1 Bring To take soothing ‫راوړل‬
2 Castle Mission, big and large house ‫کال‬
3 Commend To request ‫غوښتنه‬
4 Counsel To get or give advice ‫مشوره ورکول‬
5 Ensure To stay on along ‫ تر ډیر وخت پاته‬،‫باوری کیدل‬
‫کیدل‬
6 Explosion To Expose ‫ چاودنه‬، ‫پټاو‬
7 Jewelry Specious things ‫زیورات‬
8 Land Earth ‫مځکه‬
9 Meteor Big rock and star from sky ‫اسمانی ډبره‬
10 Monster Gain, snick ‫ دیب‬، ‫بال‬
11 Northern From north direction ‫شمالي‬
12 Remote Far, away, further ‫لیري‬
13 Southern From south direction ‫جنوبي‬
14 Statue Image made of from stone ‫مجسمه‬
15 Steam Hot and misty gas, ‫بړاس بخار‬
16 Submit To give responsibility ‫ مسولیت اخستل‬،‫منل‬
17 Temple Religious castle , place, ‫کال‬
18 Upper Higher position ‫مشر‬،‫پاسنی‬،‫لوړ‬
19 Weed Jungle plant ‫لرګی‬
20 Wing Part of animals which can fly ‫وزر‬
Unit )9( asking for direction
1 Appointment To meet somebody ‫مالقات‬،‫ ګومارنه‬،‫ټاکنه‬
2 Sales manager One who is in charge of marketing ‫خرڅالو مشر‬
3 Elevator Lift ‫لیفټ‬
4 Floor Surface of room that you walk on ‫پوړ‬،‫فرش‬

Prepared & design by: 4

Zwan Esthedad English & computer Academy

Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

5 Route Way, path ‫الر‬

6 Expressway Superhighway ‫عمومي لویه الر‬
7 Interstate Large highway between states ‫دمملکتویا ایالتو ترمنځ‬
8 Mile Unit of distance ‫میل‬
9 Fare Cost for traveling (on a bus) ‫دسفر یا مسافر کرایه‬
10 Bother To annoy ‫په عذابول‬
11 Knock To hit a door and etc…. ‫ټکول‬
12 Follow To come or go after someone ‫تعقیبول‬
13 Miss To fail to spot, to forget ‫ وره کول‬،‫خطاکول‬
Unit (10) breakfast blue
1 Breakfast Morning meal ‫دسهار ناشته‬
2 Downstairs Lower floor ‫الندي منزل‬
3 Present Gift ‫تحفه‬
4 Birthday Day of birth ‫ دزیږدیني ورځ‬،‫کلیزه‬
5 Assignment Task, mission ‫ دیوکارورسپارنه‬،‫دنده‬
6 Fellow Friend, mate ‫ملګري‬
7 Haircut Act of cutting hair ‫دوریښتانو پرې کول‬
Unit (11)general Hospital
1 General Common ‫عام‬
2 Hospital Place for patients ‫روغتون‬
3 Accident Crash, collision ‫ټکر‬
4 Operation Act of operating ‫عملیات‬
5 Operate To perform surgery ‫عملیات کول‬
6 Die to stop living or existing ‫مړکیدل‬
7 Undress To take out the clothes ‫کالي کښل‬،‫لوڅول‬
8 Press To emphasize ‫فشارور کول‬
9 Forget To loss, to miss ‫هیریدل‬،‫هیرول‬
10 Joke To make fun ‫مسخرې کول‬
Unit (12) the Battle of Thermopylae
1 Arrow Thin and straight stick ‫غشي‬
2 Battle War, fighting ‫جنګ‬
3 Bow Arrow weapon ‫لیندې‬
4 Brave Talented person ‫ زړور‬،‫دالوره‬
5 Disadvantage Unbenefited ‫تاوان‬
6 Enemy Attacker ‫دوشمن‬
7 Entrance Entering way ‫د ا خلیو الره‬
Prepared & design by: 5

Zwan Esthedad English & computer Academy

Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

8 Hardly Harshly, difficultly ‫په سختي سره‬

9 Intend To plant something, will ‫ عقیده‬،‫اراده‬
10 Laughter Smiled, a person who lough ‫خندرویه‬
11 Log Big wood ‫کونده‬
12 Military Aramid force of the country ‫پوځي‬
13 Obey Follow and accept the law ‫اطیعت کول‬
14 Secure To get and gain ‫تر السه کول‬
15 Steady Fixed ‫ثابت‬
16 Twist To role on ‫راګرځیدل‬
17 Unless If not ‫که چیري نه‬
18 Weapon Tools of hurting, gun , sword ‫وسله‬
Unit 13 on the road
1 Hydrant Water pipe ‫داوبونل‬
2 Cop Police officer ‫پولیس‬،‫قومندان‬
3 Case Issue, bag ‫قضیه‬،‫موضوع‬
4 Station Section, department ‫ مرکز‬،‫ریاست‬
5 Park To stand the vehicle on an area ‫موټر درول‬
6 leave To let, to withdraw ‫پریښودل‬
Unit (14) reservation
1 Manager Director, principal ‫منیجر‬،‫مدیر‬
2 Band Group of singer ‫دغزلچیانو ډله‬
3 Complaint Criticism ‫شکایت‬
4 Guest One who is invited ‫میلمه‬
5 musician One who plays music instruments ‫سازنده‬
6 Pool Pond ‫حوض‬
7 Account Business agreement, description ‫اکاونټچیک‬،‫ته‬
8 Expression Putting into words, phrase ‫اصطالح‬
9 Credit Trust, confidence ‫اعتبار‬،‫اعتماد‬
10 Brochure Booklet ‫ کوچنی کتاب‬،‫رساله‬
11 Accept To consent, to confirm ‫قبلول‬،‫منل‬
12 Decide conclude, make a decision ‫تصمیم نیول‬،‫فیصله کول‬
13 Confirm To approve, to verify ‫تصدیق کول‬،‫تاییدول‬
14 Enclose To confine, to close in ‫راچاپیرول‬،‫بندول‬
15 Mail To send a letter ‫په ډاګ کي استول‬

Prepared & design by: 6

Zwan Esthedad English & computer Academy

Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

Unit (15) Emergency Dial 911

1 Operator someone whose job is to use and ‫عملي کوونکی‬
control a machine or vehicle
2 Truck Big car ‫الرۍ‬
3 Robbery Burglary, act of stealing ‫ لوټ ماري‬،‫غال‬
4 Factory Company, agency ‫ فابریکه‬،‫کمپنۍ‬
5 Robber Stealer, mugger ‫لوټ مار‬
6 Security Protection, defense ‫امنیت‬
7 Payroll Financial sheet listing salaries ‫دمعاشاتولیست‬
8 Store Stock ‫ذخیره‬
9 Dial To call ‫زنګ وهل‬
10 Reach To get, to receive ‫رسیدل‬
11 Spread open, extend, distribute ‫پاشل‬،‫غوړول‬،‫خپرول‬
12 Dive To jump into water ‫په اوبو کي غوټه کیدل‬
13 Rescue To save, to protect ‫ساتل‬،‫ژغورل‬
14 Armored Protected by armor ‫دوسلوډک‬
15 Convenience Comfortable ‫استراحت‬،‫هوسایي‬
16 Artificial Not original ‫مصنوعي‬
Unit (16) a ghost story
1 experience Skill, knowledge ‫تجربه‬
2 Reader One who reads ‫لوستونکي‬
3 Selection Election ‫انتخاب‬
4 Collage Faculty ‫فاکولته‬
5 Scream Shout, yell ‫ چغي‬،‫ناره‬
6 Stranger Not familiar ‫نابلده‬
7 Alarm Alert ‫زنګ‬
8 Embarrass To shame, to confuse ‫شرمیدل‬
9 Teach To instruct, to educate ‫تدریس کول‬
10 Slap to hit an open hand ‫په چکه وهل‬
11 Dress Ignore To put on clothing ‫کالي اغوستل‬
12 Crowded Full of crowds ‫رش‬،‫بیروبار‬
13 Nervous Worried, angry ‫ خوابدی‬،‫عصبي‬
14 Furious Angry, full of wrath ‫دغضب څخه ډک‬،‫خشمناک‬
15 Suddenly Unexpectedly ‫ناببره‬

Prepared & design by: 7

Zwan Esthedad English & computer Academy

Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

Unit (17) buying present

1 Single Odd, not Married ‫طاق‬، ‫مجرد‬
3 Metal Iron ‫فلز‬،‫اوسپنه‬
4 Murder Illegal killing of human ‫قتل‬،‫وژل‬
5 Jewelry Precious stones ‫زیورات‬
6 Bracelet Piece of jewelry worn around the wrist ‫بنګړی‬
7 Diamond Precious stone ‫الماس‬
8 Earring Piece of jewelry worn on the earlobe ‫غوږوالي‬
9 Toy Plaything ‫دبازي شي‬
10 Assistance Helper, supporter ‫مرستیال‬
11 Nephew the son of your brother or sister ‫ خوریی‬،‫وراره‬
12 Skateboard Flat board for playing skate ‫دسکیټ تخته‬
13 Drum Music instrument ‫ډول‬
14 Necklace String of beads worn around the neck ‫ غاړګی‬،‫امیل‬
15 Copper Metallic chemical element ‫میس‬
16 Ruby a dark red precious stone ‫یاقوت‬،‫الل‬
17 Emerald a bright green precious stone ‫زمرود‬
18 Sapphire a clear, bright blue precious stone ‫شین یاقوت‬
19 Niece Daughter of brother or sister ‫ یا وریره‬،‫خورزه‬
20 Cousin a child of your aunt or uncle ‫عمه زوی‬،‫خاله‬،‫ماما‬،‫داکا‬
21 Aunt the sister of your father or mother ‫ماما ښځه‬،‫داکا‬،‫خاله‬،‫عمه‬
22 Brother-in-law Brother of husband or wife ‫ لیور‬،‫اخښی‬
23 Sister-in-law Sister of husband, sister of wife, w ‫ورینداره‬،‫خوښینه‬
24 Hurt To injure ‫زخمي کول‬
Unit (18) where is it made
1 Cash Money on hand ‫نغدي پیسي‬
2 Contestant Competitor ‫مسابقه کونکي‬
3 Librarian One who works in library ‫کتابدار‬
4 Quiz Short test, short examination ‫امتحان‬
5 Correct Right accurate ‫صحیح‬
6 Ready Prepared ‫تیار‬،‫اماده‬
Unit (19) may 29 1953
1 Ancestor Family member from the past ‫مخکنی کورني‬
2 Angle Side, awarded, ‫طرف‬
3 Boots Shoes ‫بوتونه‬

Prepared & design by: 8

Zwan Esthedad English & computer Academy

Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

4 Border Bindery, edge of the area ‫سرحد‬

5 Congratulate To celebrate, happy moments ‫مبارکي ویل‬
6 Frame Border for picture ‫چوکاټ‬
7 Heaven Paradise ‫جنت‬
8 Incredible Wonder, ruthless ‫د نه منلو وړ‬
9 Legend Story from the past ‫پخواني کیسه‬
10 Praise To like, favor ‫خوشول‬
11 Proceed Go to certain direction ‫صحح الره‬
12 Pure Clear ‫صفا‬
13 Relative Family member ‫دوستان‬
14 Senior Oldest, longest, leads ‫ غټ‬، ‫مشر‬
15 Silent No sound, quite, claim ‫خاموشه‬
16 Sink Fall down, drop down ‫دوشی‬،‫غرق کیدل‬
17 Superior Better, supper, gain ‫بهتره‬
18 Surround Close to the all form side, role on ،‫راګرځیدلي‬
Unit )20( a real bargain
1 Real Reality, actuality ‫حقیقي‬
2 Bargain something on sale at a lower price than its true ‫چینه‬،‫معامله‬
3 Owner Belong to someone ‫ مالک‬،‫خاوند‬
4 Idea Opinion, theory ‫نظریه‬
5 Roof Ceiling ‫بام‬
6 Condition Situation, circumstance ‫شرایط‬،‫وضیعت‬،‫حالت‬
7 Garage a building where a car is kept ‫ګاراج‬
8 Brick Building block ‫خښته‬
9 Elementary Primary ‫ابتدایي‬
10 Similar Same ‫یوشان‬
11 Rewire To wire once again ‫بیا لین کشي کول‬
12 Renovate To repair, to renew ‫بیا جوړول‬
13 Worried Unhappy, nervous ‫تشویشي‬،‫خوابدي‬
14 Electrical related to electricity ‫برقي‬
15 Solid Substance exhibiting rigidity ‫ټینګ‬،‫کلک‬
Unit (21) The six o clock report
1 Headquarter Head office of police ‫دپولیسو ریاست‬
2 Prison Jail ‫بندي خانه‬
3 Tragedy Dramatic composition with an unhappy ending ‫افسانوي‬
4 Reward Award, prize ‫جایزه‬

Prepared & design by: 9

Zwan Esthedad English & computer Academy

Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

5 Elephant A kind of animal ‫فیل‬

6 Tranquilizer a drug used to reduce anxiety ‫نشه کوونکی‬
7 Veterinarian Doctor of animals ‫دحیواناتوډاکټر‬
8 Escape To get away with ‫تښتیدل‬
9 Chase To pursue, to follow ‫تعقیبول‬
10 Capture To surround, to arrest ‫په زورنیول‬
11 Different Several ‫مختلف‬
12 Unconscious Senseless, not conscious ‫بې هوشه‬،‫بې سده‬
13 Unable Not able ‫عاجز‬،‫ بې وسه‬،‫ناقابل‬
Unit (22) oral exam
1 Exam Test ‫امتحان‬
2 Member Guy, person ‫غړی‬،‫شخص‬
3 Institute Organization, foundation ‫موسسه‬
4 Hobby Activity or occupation which is done for pleasure ‫شوق‬،‫عادت‬
5 Passage Way, rout, course, segment ‫عبارت‬،‫الر‬
Unit (23) the frog prince
1 Abroad go to foreign country, travel out side ‫بهرنی سفر‬
2 Anger Sadness, make sorrow ‫خوابدي‬
3 Bride A woman who got married ‫ناوې‬
4 Brief Short, concluded ‫لنډ‬
5 Disappointed Feeling bad, unsatisfied ‫مایوسه‬
6 Dive Jump to the water ‫ډیف وهل‬
7 Exchange Give and return something ‫ صرافي‬، ‫بدلول‬
8 Power Have strangeness ‫طاقت‬
9 Fee Amount of money ‫پیسي‬
10 Forever For all the time, whole time ‫د ټول وخت لیاره‬
11 Guy Fellow, person ‫شخص‬
12 Lovely Likes, good looking, beautiful ‫مینه ناکه‬
13 Mood Some felling, state ‫حالت‬
14 Palace A big and large building ‫ځای‬
15 Permit To allow, to let on ‫اجاره کول‬
16 Protest To argue ‫بحس کول‬
17 Sculpture Apiece of art, hand rapt ‫السی صنایع‬
18 Tribe Group of people living in a place ‫سفر‬
19 Youth Young, teenager ، ‫ځوان‬

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Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

Unit (24) hopes and plans

1 Plan something that you intend to do or achieve ‫پالن‬
2 Hope Wish, desire ‫ امید‬،‫هیله‬
3 Elementary Primary ‫ابتدایي‬
4 Executive manager ‫اجرایي‬
5 President Head, leader ‫ریس جمهور‬
6 Rich One who has more money ‫شتمن‬،‫خان‬
7 Apartment building ‫اپارتمان‬
8 Champion hero ‫اتل‬
9 Professional Expert, specialist ‫مسلکي‬
10 Purpose Target, aim ‫مقصد‬،‫هدف‬
11 Golf A kind of game ‫دګلف لوبه‬
12 Ambition Aspiration, hope ‫جاه طلبي‬، ‫کامیابي‬
Unit (25) the appointment
1 Caliph Major of Muslim ‫خلیفه‬
2 Appointment Meeting ‫مالقات‬
3 Servant Labor, worker ‫نوکر‬،‫مزدور‬
4 Shiver Vibration ‫لړزه‬
5 Permission allowance ‫اجازه‬
6 Reply To answer, to response ‫جواب ورکول‬
7 Puzzle To confuse, to confound ‫په فکرکي اچول‬
8 Investigate To search ‫تحقیق یا پلټنه کول‬
9 Famous Popular, well known ‫مشهور‬
10 Wise Intelligent, cleaver ‫ځیرک‬،‫هوښیار‬
11 Kind Merciful ‫مهربانه‬
12 Terrified Deeply scared ‫ویریدل‬
13 Nervously Excitedly, apprehensively ‫په عصبي ډول‬
14 Coldly Distantly, unresponsively ‫په کرار اوارامه سره‬
Unit (26) But you said
1 Refinery an industrial plant for purifying a ‫تصفیه خانه‬
crude substance
2 Refund Return of money ‫بیرته ورکونه‬
3 Percent one part in every hundred ‫فیصد‬
4 Recommend To suggest, to advise, ‫سپارشت کول‬
5 Deposit To keep, to save ‫ساتل‬،‫ذخیره کول‬

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Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

6 Terrific Terrifying ‫عجیب‬

7 Disappointed Hopeless ‫مایوسه‬،‫ناامیده‬
Unit (27) The Tale of Bartle o، Boyle
1 Admired To respect, to like ‫احترام کول‬
2 Aid First help, close on assist ‫لومرني مرستي‬
3 Attempt To try, to work hard ‫کوښښ کول‬
4 Authority Association, organization ‫د بیارغوني سازمان‬
5 Capital Center, ‫مرکز‬
6 Cooperate To work together ‫یو ځای کار کول‬
7 Depend Protect, to save ‫دفاع کول‬
8 Destruction To damage, to do bad ‫مزاحیمت کول‬
9 Disorder Complete mess ‫بي نظمي کول‬
10 Division To sprite, make it alone ‫ ویشل‬، ‫ویش‬
11 Enable Possible, capable ‫توانیدل‬
12 Frustrate To prevent ‫ناامیده کول‬
13 Govern To controlee the public ‫حکومت کول‬
14 Plenty More, much, a lot spare ‫ زیات‬،‫اضافه‬
15 Relieve To treat ‫ کومک کول‬، ‫سلوک کول‬
16 Reputation Popularity ‫شهرت‬
17 Royal Reglan ‫پاچاهی‬, ‫سلتنطی‬
18 Salve Soft ‫ نرم‬،‫مرهم‬
19 Struggle To fight against ‫مبارزه کول‬
20 Stupid Foolish, fool, lack of intelligence ‫بی عقل‬
Unit )28( Tricky turtle
1 Broad Wide, large ‫پراحه‬
2 Bush A kind of plant ‫یو ډول نبات‬
3 Capable Enable, can be done ‫توانیدل‬
4 Cheat To be dishonest ‫چمبازی کول‬
5 Concentrate To focus, get attention ‫توجو‬
6 Conclude Make summary ‫خالصه کول‬
7 Confident Someone believe that can do every thing ‫جورات‬
8 Considerable Extent, large and big ‫غټ‬
9 Covey Delivery speech, knowable ‫انتقالول‬
10 Definite Certain to be true ‫حقیقي‬
11 Delight Cheerful, feeling happy ‫خوشحاله‬
12 Destination Target place, aim, purpose ‫د هدف ځاي‬
13 Edge Tip, top, ‫څوکه سوکه‬
14 Path Feet way, route walk way ‫پیادرو‬

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Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

15 Research Investigate, survey ‫پلټنه‬

16 Shadow Dark area, black light ‫سایه‬
17 Succeed Pass on, get on ‫کامیابه‬
18 Suspect Doubt, ‫شک‬
19 Valley An area between two mountain ‫دره‬
Unit )29( Beautiful Bird
1 Basis On time, fundamentals, early time ‫ لومري کي‬،‫اساس‬
2 Cage The capsule of animal living, jail ‫قفس‬
3 Colleague Coworker, partner ‫ملګري‬
4 Colony A country which is control by another country ‫کالوني‬
5 Debate Program conference ‫بحث مجلس‬
6 Depart Departure, to leave ‫پریشو دل‬
7 Depressed To make someone sad ‫خوابدي‬
8 Factual True, real .fact ‫حقیقت‬
9 Fascinate To like something, get interest ‫خوشول‬
10 Mission Job, task ‫ لیول‬، ‫ وظیقه‬، ‫دنده‬
11 Nevertheless Not at all, against ‫ په ضد‬،‫مخالف‬
12 Occupation Job, duty ‫وظیفه‬، ‫دنده‬
13 Overseas Go out side ‫د سمندر غاره‬
14 Persuade Motivate ‫تشویقول‬
15 Route Road, way ‫ خامه سرک‬، ‫ریښه‬
16 Ruins Old building, old places ‫زاړه تعمیرات‬
17 Scholar Wiseman, educator ‫ عالم‬،‫پوه‬
18 Significant Important, urgent ‫مهم‬
Unit (30) Black beard
1 Citizen Residence ‫ اوسیدونکي‬، ‫ښاری‬
2 Council Adviser ‫د واده مشوره ورکوونکي‬
3 Declare To say Officially ‫روښاانه کول‬
4 Enormous Very large, huge, big ‫ډیر غټ‬
5 Extraordinary Amazing, interesting ‫مهم په زړه پوري‬
6 Fog Thick cloud ‫ګرز او غبار‬
7 Funeral Ceremony dies ‫جنازه‬
8 Giant Huge, very big, large ‫غټ‬
9 Impression Effect ‫تاثر اغیزه‬
10 Income Earn things, benefit ‫ عاید‬،‫ګټه‬
11 Mad Angry, sad ‫خوابدي‬
12 Ought Should, have to ‫باید‬
13 Resist To fight against ‫ مبارزه کول‬،‫مقابله کول‬

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Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

14 Reveal To show ‫ښکاره کول‬

15 Rid To make a place free ‫خالي کول‬
16 Sword A weapon which hurt peoples ‫توره‬
17 Tale Story, Neola, short story ‫کیسه‬
18 Trap To catch , to arrest ‫نیول بندي کږل‬
19 Trial Guilty and innocent ‫د خلکو پیژندل‬
20 Violent Cruel, bad things, hurting people ‫ظلم‬

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Zwan Esthedad ‫ځوان استعداد‬
Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

Direct and Indirect/Reported Speeches

There are two ways to express or convey someone’s message to another person or
from one person to another.
1: Direct speech/Narration
2: Indirect speech/Narration
What is Direct Speech?
When the speaker’s actual words are narrated or conveyed. Or narrating the
speaker’s words without any changes.
Ex: She says,” I will cook dinner.”
Ex: Ahmad told him” They have gone to London.”
When writing a direct sentence the following rules should be considered
carefully.
1. The first of the sentence is capitalized.
2. A comma is put after the reporting verb.
3. The sentence is enclosed in inverted commas or double quotations.
4. Sentence is punctuated according to its type.
Ex: They said,” We met each other yesterday.”
What is Indirect Speech?
Narrating the words of the speaker with some changes. We don’t narrate or convey
the exact words of the speaker to another person. We just narrate the idea of the
speaker.
Ex: She says that she would cook dinner.
Ex: they said that they had not met each other the day before/previous day.
Ex: Ahmad told him that they had gone to London.

Note: Keep in mind that ((She says, they said, Ahmad told him)) are called
Reporting speech, in the Examples above, and ((she would cook dinner, they had
met each other the day before/previous day, they had not met each other the day
before/previous day)) are called reported or indirect speech.

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The part of the sentence inside the quotation mark is called reported speech and the
part of the sentence outside side of inverted commas is called reporting speech.

She says, ” I will cook dinner”

Reporting speech Reported speech

Rule for Writing Indirect Speech

1. Comma and quotation marks are omitted.
2. The first letter of the sentence changes to small letter.
3. Tense of the sentence move one tense behind
4. Changes occur in pronouns, adverbs and possessive adjectives.
5. At the end of the sentence there is always full stop.
6. The word that is always used after reporting verb.
They said,” We did meet each other yesterday.”

Ex: They said that they had not met each other the day before/previous day.

Use of Conjunction “that”

Conjunction “that” is placed between reported and reporting speech, however, in
question sentences, it is replaced with ‘asked, inquired, etc.
Rules for Changing Pronouns in Indirect Speech
Change of pronoun in indirect speech is done with following basic rules.

Rule No: 1

First Person
If the reporting speech has first person pronoun, it will be changed as per the

pronoun the pronoun of reported speech, if it is third person pronoun. But if first

person pronoun is used both in reporting speech and reported speech, No

pronoun is changed here. Study the examples below

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Direct Speech Indirect Speech

She said, " I am quite fine here" She said that she was quite fine there
He said, " I write everyday" He said that he wrote everyday
They said, " We have made good progress" They said that had made good progress
She said, " My job is writing a letter" She said that her job was writing a letter
They said, " we have good friends" They said that they had good friends

I said, " I am making practice of reported I said that I was making practice of
speech" reported speech

We said, " We are learning English" We said that we were learning English
Rule No: 2

Second Person:
If the reported speech has second person (you, etc.), it is changed as per the object
of reporting speech.

Study the examples below

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He said to her, “You are an intelligent girl." He said to her that she was an
intelligent girl.
She said to him, “You are not real." She said to him that he was not real.
He said to me," You are a clever guy." He said to me that I was a clever guy.
She said to Alex, “You are cool guy." She said to Alex that he was a cool guy.

Rule No: 3

Third Person
Third Person in reported speech is not changed in indirect speech

Study the examples below

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Direct Speech Indirect Speech

He said, "They prefer singing" He said that they preferred singing
They said, "It is hard to bear cold" They said that it was hard to bear cold
Alex said, "He likes chocolate" Alex said that he liked chocolate
They said, "She is waiting for Alex" They said that she was waiting for Alex

Tense changes in indirect speech

 Simple present Simple past
 Simple Past past perfect
 Simple Future will changes to Would and shall changes
to would

 Present Continuous past continuous

 Past continuous past perfect continuous
 Future continuous would be

 Present perfect past perfect

 Past perfect past perfect
 Future perfect would have

 Present perfect Continuous past perfect continuous

 Past perfect continuous not changing
 Future perfect continuous not changing
 May Might
 Must Had to
 Can Could
 Have to Had to

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Rules for Change in Time and Adverb in Indirect Speech

There are some rules for changing the words showing time and place in direct
speech into indirect speech. Study below the table showing the words of time and
adverb, how they are changed in indirect speech.

Direct Speech Word Indirect Speech Word

Today That day
Yesterday The day before
Tomorrow The next day
Now Then
Ago Before
Here There
This That
Next week The following week
Next month The following month
Thus So
Last night The night before
Go Come
Come Go

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

He said, "I am waiting here for you" He said that he was waiting there for me.
She said, "We will come tomorrow" She said that she would come the next day.
They said, "It is hot today" They said that it was hot that day.
I said, "I found a purse yesterday" I said that I found a purse a day before.

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Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

Indirect speech for Imperative Sentences

Imperative sentences consists of command, request, order, suggestion or advice.
Therefore, to change imperative sentences from direct into indirect speech
following points should be noted.

1. Understand the mood of sentence if it is command, request, advice or

suggestion.
2. Use appropriate joining clauses as per the mood of sentence.
3. Follow the other rules of reported speech.

Now study the examples below.

Direct Speech Mood of Sentence Indirect Speech

Ahmad said, "Please come here" Request Alex requested to come there.
Khan said to him, "Do not take Mark advised students not to take
Advice
This exercise easy" that exercise easy.
Dentist said to Ahmad, "Stay away the dentist advised Ahmad to
stay

Advice/Suggestion
From smoking" away from Smoking.
He said to the guard, "open the
Order He ordered guard to open the door.
Door"
He said, "Let’s wait for Alex here" Suggestion He suggested to wait for Alex there.

Indirect Speech of Interrogative Sentences

Following are the basic rules of direct and indirect speech for interrogative
sentences or question sentences.

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1. Punctuation marks (comma, inverted comma, question marks) are removed.

2. Conjunction “that” is omitted.
3. Interrogative form is changed into assertive form of sentence.
4. ‘Said’ is changed into asked or inquired.

Use of ‘If’ or whether’ is made for the interrogative sentences that can’t be
answered.

Simply in Yes or No.

Now study the examples below
Direct Speech

He said to me, "Will you be here tomorrow?"

Mother said to son, "Do you think to disobey me?"
Teacher said, "Do you know the exact answer?"
She said to me, "What is the name of great
Mughal King?"
They said, "What is the schedule of examination?"
He said to me, "Have you been to Turkey?"
Indirect Speech
He asked me whether I would be there the next day.

Mother asked son if he thought to disobey her.

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Pravaite school & Institute of Modren Studies ‫خصوصي ښوونځي او د عصري زده کړو مرکز‬

Change

1. How has your neighborhood changed in the last five years?

2. How have clothing fashions changed during your lifetime?
3. Do you dress differently than you did five years ago? How?
4. How have your looks changed in the last ten years?
5. What’s your reaction to a woman changing her looks with makeup?
Hair dye? Plastic surgery?
6. What about men? Is it okay if men use make-up? Hair dye? Plastic
surgery?
7. If you could have a free makeover, what physical changes would you
seek? Why?
8. Can you name three changes important technological changes in your
life?
9. What type of technology has helped the most people? Why?

10. Do you try and keep up with technological changes? What skills have
you added in the last five years?
11. What social changes have happened in your native country in your
lifetime?
12. What political changes have happened in your native country in your
lifetime?

13. What is a custom or tradition that you would like to change in your
native country? Why?
14. What social changes you would like to see in America?
15. What three political changes would you like to happen in the world?
16. Has nature changed in the last 100 years? How?
17. Has human nature changed in the last 100 years? If so, how?

Cloths and fashion

1. What are you wearing today? Where did you get your favorite piece of
clothing?
2. Do you usually dress casually or formally?
3. Do you prefer conservative, shabby, or trendy clothes? Why?

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4. Do you find dressing for work a chore, a choice, or a pleasure? Why?

5. When picking clothes, are you drawn to certain colors? Which?
6. How often do you shop for clothes? Do you have a favorite day or
time?
7. Do you like to window shop for clothes? Where do you go?
8. Can you suggest stores that sell quality clothes at reasonable prices?
9. Are clothing styles, or stores, different in your native country than
here? How?
10. Do you have a favorite outfit? Where do you go in it?
11. How do you accessorize? Do you have a favorite accessory?
12. Is there a traditional dress in your native country? Can you describe it?
13. How often do you get dressed up? For what occasions?
14. Do you dress differently in the U.S. than you did in your native
country?
15. Do people in your native country tend to dress more conservatively or
more showy?
16. Have you ever worn a uniform for work or school? Can you describe
it?
17. What is an example of something you would never wear? Why?
18. Whom do you think of as being fashionable or chic? Why?

Enjoying money

1. What is the name of money in your native country? What does it look like? 2.
How much is a dollar in your native country’s currency?
3. How much does seeing a movie cost? A gallon of gas? Lunch?
4. Can you compare shopping in the United States with your native
country?
5. What are some bargains in your native country? Why?
6. Are you a thrifty shopper? Can you give an example?
7. Do you know someone who collects loose change? What do you do
with the coins?
8. Do you know anybody who collects coins as a hobby?
9. Do you have any shopping tips for bargain hunting?

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10. Are you an impulsive shopper or do you shop with a list?

11. When do you like to splurge? On what?
12. Do you prefer to go shopping by yourself or with someone else?
Why?
13. Do you have a favorite mall, shopping center, or market?
14. Have you ever wasted money? How?
15. How often do you go out to restaurants? What do you look for in
restaurants?
16. Are you a tipper? What percentage do you usually leave for good
service?
17. Can you think of some extravagant ways to spend money?
Learning at school

1. Do you work? Are you retired?

2. Do you have a regular schedule? Which shift do you work?
3. Would you like more hours? Fewer hours? Why?
4. Which department do you work in? Do you have a title?
5. Do you work alone or with other staff members?
6. Can you describe a typical day at work?

7. Do you use a computer at work? What computer software programs

do you use?
8. How do you use email or the Internet at work? When? Why?
9. Have computers changed your work habits in any way? How?
10. Do you have a high profile position? Are you visible at your job?
11. Is there a career ladder at your workplace?
12. How do you get along with your co-workers? Are you a team player?
Do you enjoy the work atmosphere?
13. Do you socialize with your co-workers outside of work? Where do
you go?
14. How does your company/school encourage networking among co-
workers?
15. Does your company use interns or college students? How?
16. What qualities does your organization look for in new employees? 17.
Have you ever had a mentor? Who? How did this person teach you the
ropes at work?

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17. Are you a mentor to anyone at work? What do you do to help?

18. Did Ahmad teach English at school?

Work relationship
1. When did you first go to school? Was it an urban, a rural, or a
suburban school?

2. How did you usually get to school? Did you walk, take a bus, ride a
bike or use another method?
3. How long was your commute to elementary school? High school? 4.
How many students were usually in your class? What was the atmosphere
like?

5. Do you remember the name of your elementary school? High school?

6. Did you attend a public or private school? Why?
7. Was there a school dress code? What were some other rules?
8. How would you describe your elementary school? Did you enjoy it?
9. Were your parents involved in your studies? How?
10. Were you given report cards? How often? What kind of grades did
you get?
11. Can you describe the classroom conditions in your high school?
12. How large was your high school? What was the lunchroom like? 13.
What subjects did you take in high school? Did you choose your
courses?
14. What was your favorite course? Why?
15. Were there any classes that you dreaded or hated? Why?
16. Did you have to take any exams? Which exam was the most difficult?
Why?
Was cheating common? Why? Did you ever cheat? How?

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