Pab MS 190060237
Pab MS 190060237
Pab MS 190060237
Research Article
models with these properties are called susceptible is increased by birth at a rate 𝜋𝑁
dynamically consistent [6-9]. where both rate 𝜋 and death rate 𝜇 are the
SIR Model same in [7], so susceptible is increased by
Kermack and McKendrick are those persons 𝜇𝑁. It is decreased by infection following
who are the inventor of the disease models contacts with infected individuals I at rate 𝛼.
and they played an important role in This class is decreased by recovery from
Mathematical epidemiology. In the purposed infection at a rate 𝛾 and dimensioned by
model, the population is divided into three natural death rate 𝜇. This generates a class R
groups which denoted by S (susceptible), I of individuals who have complete protection
(infected) and R (recovered). The class S of against disease and can be seen in (Figure 1).
Followings are the equations of the model 𝑅, with initial conditions 𝑆(0) =
𝑑𝑆
= 𝜇𝑁 − 𝛼𝑆𝐼 − 𝜇𝑆 (1) 990, 𝐼(0) = 10, 𝑅(0) = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐼 Qualitative analysis of the model
= 𝛼𝑆𝐼 − (𝛾 + 𝜇)𝐼 (2) By simplifying the above equations we get
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑅
= 𝛾𝐼 − 𝜇𝑅 (3) disease-free equilibrium denoted by 𝐸0 i.e
𝑑𝑡
Where 𝜇, 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛾 represents the per capita 𝐸0 = (𝑁, 0,0) and the endemic equilibrium
removal rate, transitivity rate ant per capita point denoted by 𝐸1 i.e.
recovery rate respectively and 𝑁 = 𝑆 + 𝐼 +
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Where 1 − 𝑒 −(𝛾+𝜇ℎ )ℎ
𝑆ℎ , 𝐼ℎ , 𝑅ℎ , 𝑁𝑣 , 𝑆𝑣 , 𝐼𝑣 , 𝜇𝑣 , 𝛽ℎ , 𝛽𝑣 , 𝛾, 𝑏, 𝐴, 𝐵 are ∅ = ∅(ℎ) =
(𝛾 + 𝜇ℎ )
host population of susceptible individuals, The discrete method (13-17) is certainly
host population of infected individuals, host defined by using Mickens's rules.
population of permanent immune Numerical simulation
individuals, vector population, vector The mathematical analysis of the vector-
population of susceptible individuals, vector borne disease dengue fever model with non-
population of infected individuals, death rate linear incidence has been presented. To
of vector population, transmission observe the effects of the parameters using in
probability from vector to host, transmission this dynamics Dengue epidemic model (7-
probability from host to vector, rate of 12), conclude several numerical simulations
recovery from host population, biting rate of with parameters values 𝐴 = 0.457 , 𝐵 =
vector, recruitment rate of host population, 400, 𝛽ℎ = 0.75, 𝑏 = 0.5, 𝜇ℎ =
Recruitment rate of host population 0.0000457 , 𝛾 = 0.1428 , 𝑁ℎ = 1000, 𝛽𝑣 =
respectively. 1, 𝜇𝑣 = 0.25 are given in [11]. In (Figure3)
Nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) shows the convergence solution using the
scheme of the model NSFD scheme at ℎ = 1 for the true
In this section, we design the NSFD [8-10] equilibrium point. It can be easily seen from
scheme that replicates the dynamics of a (Figure3) which shows fast convergence for
continuous model (1)-(5). Let 𝑌𝑘 = each compartment. It clearly shows that
((𝑆ℎ )𝑘 , (𝐼ℎ )𝑘 , (𝑅ℎ )𝑘 , (𝑆𝑣 )𝑘 , (𝐼𝑣 )𝑘 )𝑡 denoted infected individuals at the latent period are
the approximation of 𝑋(𝑡𝑘 ) where 𝑡𝑘 = diagnosed and treated, the number of
𝑘∆𝑡 , 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑘𝜖𝑁, ℎ = ∆𝑡 > 0 be a step size susceptible individuals decreases
then; significantly, the infected decreases steadily.
𝑆ℎ𝑘+1 −𝑆ℎ𝑘 𝛽
= 𝐴 − 𝑁ℎ 𝑏𝑆ℎ𝑘+1 𝐼𝑣𝑘 − 𝜇ℎ 𝑆ℎ𝑘+1 Smoking Model
∅ ℎ
Smoking model is divided into five sub-
𝐼ℎ𝑘+1 −𝐼ℎ𝑘 𝛽ℎ
= 𝑏𝑆ℎ𝑘+1 𝐼𝑣𝑘 − (𝛾 + 𝜇ℎ )𝐼ℎ𝑘+1 compartment like potential smokers𝑃(𝑡),
∅ 𝑁ℎ
𝑘+1
𝑅ℎ 𝑘
−𝑅ℎ occasional smokers𝐿(𝑡), heavy smoker’s
= 𝛾𝐼ℎ𝑘+1 − 𝜇ℎ 𝑅ℎ𝑘+1 𝑆(𝑡) temporary quitters 𝑄(𝑡) and smokers
∅
𝑆𝑣𝑘+1 −𝑆𝑣𝑘 𝛽 who quit permanently 𝑅(𝑡) specified
= 𝐵 − 𝑁𝑣 𝑏𝑆𝑣𝑘+1 𝐼ℎ𝑘 − 𝜇𝑣 𝑆𝑣𝑘+1
∅ ℎ by𝑇(𝑡) = 𝑃(𝑡) + 𝐿(𝑡) + 𝑆(𝑡) + 𝑄(𝑡) +
𝐼𝑣𝑘+1 −𝐼𝑣𝑘 𝛽𝑣 𝑅(𝑡). The proposed smoking [12] in the form
= 𝑏𝑆𝑣𝑘+1 𝐼ℎ𝑘 − 𝜇𝑣 𝐼𝑣𝑘+1
∅ 𝑁ℎ of the system of the nonlinear differential
𝐴∅+𝑆ℎ𝑘
𝑆ℎ𝑘+1 = 𝛽 (13) equation is given as:
1+ ℎ 𝑏∅𝐼𝑣𝑘 +∅𝜇ℎ 𝑑𝑃
𝑁ℎ = 𝑎(1 − 𝑃) − 𝑏𝑃𝑆 (18)
𝛽ℎ 𝑑𝑡
𝑏∅𝑆ℎ𝑘+1 𝐼𝑣𝑘 +𝐼𝑣𝑘 𝑑𝐿
𝑁ℎ
𝐼ℎ𝑘+1 = (14) = −𝑎𝐿 + 𝑏𝑃𝑆 − 𝑐𝐿𝑆 (19)
1+∅(𝛾+𝜇ℎ ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑆
𝛾∅𝐼ℎ𝑘+1 +𝑅ℎ𝑘 = −(𝑎 + 𝑑)𝑆 + 𝑐𝐿𝑆 + 𝑓𝑄 (20)
𝑅ℎ𝑘+1 = (15) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑄
1+∅𝜇ℎ
𝐵∅ = −(𝑎 + 𝑓)𝑄 + 𝑑(1 − 𝑒)𝑆 (21)
𝑆𝑣𝑘+1 = 𝛽 (16) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑅
1+ 𝑣 𝑏∅𝐼ℎ𝑘 +∅𝜇𝑣 = −𝑎𝑅 + 𝑒𝑑𝑆 (22)
𝑁ℎ
𝑑𝑡
𝛽𝑣
𝑏∅𝑆𝑣𝑘+1 𝐼ℎ𝑘 +𝐼𝑣𝑘+1
𝑁ℎ
𝐼𝑣𝑘+1 = (17) Here 𝑏 indicates the contact rate between
1+∅𝜇𝑣
Which is the purposed NSFD scheme for the potential smokers and smokers who smoke
given model, where occasionally, 𝑐 represents the contact rate
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Figure 4. Numerical solutions for potential smokers in a time 𝒕 with step size 𝒉 = 𝟏, 𝒉 = 𝟓
and𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎 for disease free equilibrium points
Figure 5. Numerical solutions for occasional smokers in a time 𝒕 with step size 𝒉 = 𝟏, 𝒉 = 𝟓
and 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎 for disease free equilibrium points
Figure 6. Numerical solutions for heavy smokers in a time 𝒕 with step size 𝒉 = 𝟏, 𝒉 = 𝟓 and
𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎 for disease free equilibrium points
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Pure Appl. Biol., 9(1): 674-682, March, 2020
http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90073
Figure 7. Numerical solutions for temporary quitters in a time 𝒕 with step size 𝒉 = 𝟏, 𝒉 = 𝟓
and 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎 for disease free equilibrium points
Figure 8. Numerical solutions for permanently quitters in a time 𝒕 with step size 𝒉 = 𝟏, 𝒉 =
𝟓 and 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎 for disease-free equilibrium points
SVIR model Here 𝑆(𝑡), 𝐼(𝑡) and 𝑅(𝑡) denote the densities
𝑑𝑆 of susceptible, infected and recovered
= 𝜇 − 𝜇𝑆 − 𝛽𝑆𝐼 − 𝛼𝑆 (29)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉 individuals, respectively. 𝑉(𝑡) denotes the
= 𝛼𝑆 − 𝛽1 𝑉𝐼 − 𝛾1 𝑉 − 𝜇𝑉 (30) density of vaccines who have begun the
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑆
= 𝛽𝑆𝐼 + 𝛽1 𝑉𝐼 − 𝛾𝐼 − 𝜇𝐼 (31) vaccination process. In the above model, all
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑆 parameters are positive and have the
𝑑𝑡
= 𝛾1 𝑉 + 𝛾𝐼 − 𝜇𝑅 (32) following features: 𝜇 is the recruitment rate
and natural death rate of the population; 𝛽
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𝜇 𝛼𝜇 𝛼𝛾1
𝑆𝐸 (𝑆, 𝐼, 𝑉, 𝑅) = 𝑆𝐸 ( , 0, , )
𝛼 + 𝜇 (𝛼 + 𝜇)(𝜇 + 𝛾1 ) (𝛼 + 𝜇)(𝜇 + 𝛾1 )
Figure 9. Numerical solutions for susceptible, vaccination, infected individual and recovered
population in a time t for ∅ = ∅(𝒉)
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