Research Paper 2 g4

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
1 Year College-Course
Bachelor of Science in Management Accounting
THE FACTORS OF POVERTY AFFECTING THE 1ST YEAR BSMA 1-C

STUDENTS IN I-TECH COLLEGE
A Quantitative Research Paper

of the Bachelor of Science in
Management Accounting
Presented to the
Faculty of College
I-Tech College
In Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements of Subjects
Contemporary World
SUBMITTED BY:
GANCIAR, CHEZKA
RAZO, AVIONA GAIL P.
JUANIZA, LESLIE ANN B.
TALEON, SHAINALYN BABES P.
BARTOLOME, GRAESIE R.
BARBON, JUSTINE
SUBMITTED TO:
JERALIN PAILANO DORMIDO PANSAN

Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Poverty is defined as the state of being extremely poor (Bell, 1997)

large income deficiencies complicate the task of developing a sense of
belonging and community in given entity (O’Boyle, 2003). Poverty is the lack
of the basic needs in life, including food, shelter, clothing and safe drinking
water for a person to live normally. It is essential to meet a certain level of
physical, social and emotional needs. People who live in poverty have
difficulty to achieve those as they are not welcome in many places. Because of
their low incomes, they have troubles in maintaining their health, hunger and
education.
Poverty is an issue that needs to be addressed by everybody in the

world because if no one tries to do something, it going to keep getting worst as
time goes on, which may have a rather strong impact when it comes to
education. Not all of us are lucky enough to have a wealthy family. You will
see someone is having a difficult time to go to school without allowance,
struggling because their parents may not have stable jobs. This is a factor that
limits them from carrying out their educational activities perfectly.
Poverty affects the education of one’s child for it is known to be on

factor to prevent a child from pursuing their rights to have education. Children
raised in poverty rarely choose to behave differently, but they are face daily
with overwhelming challenges. It shows that the stress of low socio-economic
status can lead to adolescent psychological problems, the likes of which
include anxiety, depression and behavioral issues (Wadsworth, 2008).
Moreover, students coping with poverty face deep humiliation and
embarrassment when their appearance, clothing and personal hygiene are not
the same as their peers (Beegle, 2003).
The focus of this research study is to determine the factors of poverty

affecting the 1st Year BSMA 1-C Students of I-Tech College.
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aimed to know and determine the factors of poverty affecting on
the academic performance of 1st Year BSMA 1-C students of I-TECH COLLEGE.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following:
1) Are high tuition fees a factor contributing to poverty among college students?
2) Have you ever had to skip meals due to financial constraints while attending
college?
3) Have you ever considered dropping out of college because of financial

difficulties?
4) Does the absence of familial financial support contribute to poverty among

college students?
5) Do you often have to choose between paying for college-related expenses and
other necessities?
6) Can poverty lead to limited access to necessary educational resources, such as

textbooks and technology?
7) Are students affected by poverty more likely to experience higher levels of stress
and anxiety?
8) Does poverty affects the academic performance of the students?
9) Does a lack of support negatively impact academic performance?
10) Does academic support enhance students academic performance and

achievements?
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter the researcher will be review the ideas and findings from the previous
research related to research topic. It includes the existing information and studies
about:
The Effects of Poverty on Academic Achievement - Achievement Gap in the

Classroom
There are many challenges faced by children raised in poverty. Some challenges are
long-term obstacles such as chronic stressors and changes in brain structure that effect
emotion and memory. Other challenges are more situational causing emotional and
social struggles. The mental health issues include high levels of depression among
parents and children living in poverty (Jensen, 2009). Students who have experienced
emotional and social challenges may demonstrate acting-out behaviours during their
school day (Jensen, 2009). They may also be impatient and have poor impulse
control. Their behavioural responses may be limited due to having a caregiver who
was not sensitive to their needs as an infant. Jensen (2009) pointed to several reasons
for this phenomenon. Many of these students have come from homes where they may
have had a teen mother. Parents or guardians are often overworked due to working
more than one job to make ends meet. This situation, in turn, causes parents or
guardians to inflict harsher discipline and be less sensitive to the feelings and needs of
their children. Parents or guardians who have experienced difficulties with school in
their pasts are less likely to attend parent- teacher interviews or to be involved in any
extra-curricular school activities. Poor emotional health, caused by the lack of
parental support, may cause an increase in disruptive behavior in the classroom. In
addition, children raised in poverty may not have been taught to be polite and may
classroom socially gracious (Jensen, 2009). They may lack the ability to empathize
with others. This lack of empathy, in turn, makes it difficult for these students to work
well in cooperative groups with their classmates. This inability to work well with
classmates often results in students becoming unwanted participants in groups, adding
to their feelings of inadequacy and resulting in the students giving up on a task just
before they successfully complete it. Poor social skills, which result in a lack of
acceptance from peers, may cause decreases in academic performance. Poverty is a
reality today and will continue to be a significant factors in our society.
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
There will always be a split in society between those who have and those who have
not. Students raised in poverty are indeed more apt to experience emotional and social
challenges, mental health issues, chronic stressors in their everyday life, and cognitive
lags due to significant changes in their brain structure in areas related to memory and
emotion. If we are truly committed to closing the achievement gap between students
raised in poverty and those raised in more affluent homes, we need to use the most
current research, alter our classroom environments, empower students, teach social
skills, embody respect, create inclusive classrooms, and recognize the signs of
poverty. Our first and best strategies for decreasing the achievement gap due to
poverty is to build strong relationships between students and teachers. Teaching
students mental and physical strategies to alleviate stress will decrease the stressors
experienced in school, and give them strategies to deal with chronic stressors
experienced at home. Changes caused in brain structure are irreversible, but we can
close the gap through specialized instruction and providing students with a safe place
to take risks in their education (Cedeño et al., 2016). Identifying which basic core
skills students are missing and getting them the appropriate social supports will help
to increase academic achievement. Teachers can make a difference by making
changes to their instructional methods and being aware of the risk factors.
Psychological Perspectives on Poverty - Poverty in self-esteem and mental health
Negative perceptions affect how people see themselves. Those experiencing poverty
show significantly lower levels of confidence in their own ability to succeed. This has
negative physical and psychological health consequences, along with reduced
educational and professional attainment.
Poverty increases the risk of mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, depression,
anxiety and substance addiction. Poverty can act as both a causal factor (e.g. stress
resulting from poverty triggering depression) and a consequence of mental illness
(e.g. schizophrenic symptoms leading to decreased socio-economic status and
prospects). Poverty during early childhood is associated with genetic adaptation,
producing a short-term strategy to cope with the stressful developmental environment.
This comes at the expense of long-term health, with increased susceptibility to cardiac
disease and certain cancers.
Children raised in environments of low socio-economic status show consistent

reductions in cognitive performance across many areas, particularly language function
and cognitive control (attention, planning, decision-making). Resource scarcity
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
induces a ‘scarcity mindset’, characterised by increased focus on immediate goals at

the expense of peripheral tasks and long-term planning. This may contribute to
perpetuating the cycle of poverty.
Effect of Poverty on Academic Performances – Education
Aside from well-being, education is also affected by poverty in the Philippines.

According to the Department of Education and the National Statistical Coordination
board in the Philippines, 1 in 6 Filipinos will not attend school; and only 7 out of 10
Filipinos can attend and finish High school, with those missing out being part of
poverty. With children unable to attend school, it leaves them unable to know the
basic knowledge. According to Mendoza, J. (2021), The Department of Education has
been suffering from “Learning Poverty” as The World Bank stated that 90% of
Filipino kids aging 10 years old could not read. It was also stated that the said issue
has been heightened by the implementation of distance learning. However, even
before the pandemic, the total percentage of children suffering from learning poverty
is already at 69.5%. With children lacking basic knowledge and education, it would
greatly affect their opportunities in the future as they transition to young adults, which
would greatly influence the economic status of the country. Education is a basic factor
in economic development. On the microscopic level, education serves as a bridge
between the society, economy, and better opportunities for employment. However, as
mentioned above, 1 in 6 Filipinos will not attend school, there are leading factors
why. One main factor why there are poor Filipino kids missing out on education is the
ratio of tuition fee of schools and salary. According to Cabuenas, J. (2020), the
average wage in the Philippines is amongst the lowest in the world, averaging at only
P15,200 a month, which is not enough to support basic needs, especially with
education. Another factor that affects education is most Filipino parents are unable to
cope with the financial needs, mostly due to the lack of work. That’s why instead of
striving for better education, they are often sent out to work on the streets. According
to the International Labor Organization, there are 2.1 million child laborers aged 5 –
17, with 95% of them in a hazardous workplace.
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
Title: THE FACTORS OF POVERTY AFFECTING THE 1ST YEAR BSMA-1C STUDENTS OF I-
TECH COLLEGE
NAME: (OPTIONAL) AGE: GENDER:
INSTRUCTIONS: THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE ANSWERABLE BY

YES OR NO. PUT A CHECK ON A CORRESPONDING BOX.
FEMALE
Respondents
QUESTIONS YES
1. Are high tuition fees a factor contributing 13 130 1.3%

to poverty among college students?
2. Have you ever had to skip meals due to 11 110 1.1%
financial constraints while attending
college?
3. Have you ever considered dropping out of 1 10 0.1%
college because of financial difficulties?
4. Does the absence of familial financial 10 100 1%
support contribute to poverty among
college students?
5. Do you often have to choose between 9 90 0.9%
paying for college-related expenses and
other necessities?
6. Can poverty lead to limited access to 8 80 0.8%
necessary educational resources, such as
7. Are students affected by poverty more 10 100 1%
likely to experience higher levels of stress
and anxiety?
8. Does poverty affect the academic 13 130 1.3%
performance of the students?
9. Does a lack support negatively impact 11 110 1.1%
academic performance?
10. Does academic support enhance students 13 130 1.3%
academic performance and achievements?
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
TECH COLLEGE

MALE
Respondents
QUESTIONS YES
1. Are high tuition fees a factor contributing 7 70 0.7%

college?
4. Does the absence of familial financial 2 20 0.2%
college students?
other necessities?
7. Are students affected by poverty more 5 50 0.5%
and anxiety?
10. Does academic support enhance students 7 70 0.7%
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
TECH COLLEGE

FEMALE
Respondents
QUESTIONS NO
1. Are high tuition fees a factor contributing 0 0 0

college?
college students?
other necessities?
and anxiety?
8. Does poverty affect the academic 0 0 0
10. Does academic support enhance students 0 0 0
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
TECH COLLEGE

MALE
Respondents
QUESTIONS NO
1. Are high tuition fees a factor contributing 0 0 0

college?
college students?
other necessities?
and anxiety?
10. Does academic support enhance students 0 0 0
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
DATA ANALYSIS
COURSE BSMA
GENDER MALE
(NO)
AGE AGE AGE

No. Question 18 19 20
1. 0 0 0
2. 0 1 1
3. 1 4 0
4. 1 4 0
5. 0 4 1
6. 1 3 1
7. 0 3 0
8. 1 4 0
9. 1 4 0
10. 0 0 0
TOTAL: 5 27 3
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
DATA ANALYSIS
COURSE BSMA
GENDER MALE
(YES)
AGE AGE AGE

No. Question 18 19 20
1. 1 5 1
2. 1 4 0
3. 0 1 1
4. 1 4 1
5. 1 4 0
6. 2 3 0
7. 2 3 1
8. 1 4 1
9. 1 4 1
10. 0 5 1
TOTAL: 10 36 7
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
DATA ANALYSIS
COURSE BSMA
GENDER FEMALE
(NO)
No. Question AGE AGE AGE AGE

18 19 20 22
1. 0 0 0 0
2. 0 2 0 0
3. 2 6 2 1
4. 0 2 0 0
5. 0 2 1 0
6. 2 4 0 0
7. 0 3 0 0
8. 0 0 0 0
9. 0 0 1 0
10. 0 0 0 0
TOTAL: 4 19 4 1
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
DATA ANALYSIS
COURSE BSMA
GENDER FEMALE
(YES)
No. Question AGE AGE AGE AGE

18 19 20 22
1. 3 7 2 1
2. 3 5 2 1
3. 1 1 0 0
4. 3 5 2 1
5. 3 5 1 1
6. 1 3 2 1
7. 3 4 2 1
8. 3 7 2 1
9. 3 7 1 1
10. 3 7 2 1
TOTAL: 26 51 16 9
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that different factors of poverty have influence on the
College Students of Itech, and this use has greatly been affecting both the health
issues and academic performance of the students.
By examining the factors of poverty affecting the 1st year BSMA 1-C students of I-
Tech College, this research aims to shed light on the unique challenges faced by these
students and provide valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers.
It is hoped that the findings will pave the way for the implementation of effective
strategies to support and empower students from impoverished backgrounds,
ultimately enhancing their academic success and well-being.
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
MALE FEMALE
AGE’s
NO YES NO YES
18 5 10 4 26
19 27 36 19 51
20 3 7 4 16
22 0 0 1 9
TOTAL: 35 53 28 112
YES NO
12.7% 9%
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that different factors of poverty have influence on the
College Students of Itech, and this use has greatly been affecting both the health
issues and academic performance of the students.
By examining the factors of poverty affecting the 1st year BSIS 1-C students of I-Tech
College, this research aims to shed light on the unique challenges faced by these
students and provide valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers.
It is hoped that the findings will pave the way for the implementation of effective
strategies to support and empower students from impoverished backgrounds,
ultimately enhancing their academic success and well-being.
Negros Occidental
I-Tech College
st

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Republic of the Philippines

THE FACTORS OF POVERTY AFFECTING THE 1ST YEAR BSMA 1-C

A Quantitative Research Paper

RAZO, AVIONA GAIL P.

JUANIZA, LESLIE ANN B.

TALEON, SHAINALYN BABES P.

JERALIN PAILANO DORMIDO PANSAN

Background of the Study

Poverty is defined as the state of being extremely poor (Bell, 1997)

Poverty is an issue that needs to be addressed by everybody in the

Poverty affects the education of one’s child for it is known to be on

The focus of this research study is to determine the factors of poverty

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Specifically, it sought to answer the following:

3) Have you ever considered dropping out of college because of financial

4) Does the absence of familial financial support contribute to poverty among

6) Can poverty lead to limited access to necessary educational resources, such as

8) Does poverty affects the academic performance of the students?

9) Does a lack of support negatively impact academic performance?

10) Does academic support enhance students academic performance and

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The Effects of Poverty on Academic Achievement - Achievement Gap in the

Psychological Perspectives on Poverty - Poverty in self-esteem and mental health

Children raised in environments of low socio-economic status show consistent

induces a ‘scarcity mindset’, characterised by increased focus on immediate goals at

Effect of Poverty on Academic Performances – Education

Aside from well-being, education is also affected by poverty in the Philippines.

NAME: (OPTIONAL) AGE: GENDER:

INSTRUCTIONS: THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE ANSWERABLE BY

1. Are high tuition fees a factor contributing 13 130 1.3%

NAME: (OPTIONAL) AGE: GENDER:

INSTRUCTIONS: THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE ANSWERABLE BY

1. Are high tuition fees a factor contributing 7 70 0.7%

NAME: (OPTIONAL) AGE: GENDER:

INSTRUCTIONS: THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE ANSWERABLE BY

1. Are high tuition fees a factor contributing 0 0 0

NAME: (OPTIONAL) AGE: GENDER:

INSTRUCTIONS: THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE ANSWERABLE BY

1. Are high tuition fees a factor contributing 0 0 0

AGE AGE AGE

AGE AGE AGE

No. Question AGE AGE AGE AGE

No. Question AGE AGE AGE AGE

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