1.

(a) List the parts of the human eye that control the amount of light
entering into it. Explain how they perform this function. [2014]
(b) Write the function of retina in human eye.
The screen on which the image is formed in the eye is called retina.
Retina is a delicate membrane having a large number of light sensitive cells

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called 'rods and 'cones' which respond to the 'intensity of light' and 'colours
of object' respectively.
 2.State one function of iris in human eye [2012]
Iris is a dark muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil.

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 3. What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye?
Power of accommodation is the ability of the eye lens to focus near and far
objects clearly on the retina by adjusting its focal length.

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 4.A person with a myopic eye cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly.
What should be the type of the corrective lens used to restore proper vision?

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 A person with a myopic eye cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly.
What should be the type of the corrective lens used to restore proper vision?

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 5.Draw a labelled diagram of the human eye.

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 6.Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) A person with myopia can see distant objects clearly
(b) A person with hypermetropia can see nearby objects clearly
(c) A person with myopia can see nearby objects clearly
(d) A person with hypermetropia cannot see distant objects clearly

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 7.The human eye can focus on objects at different distances by adjusting the
focal length of the eye lens. This is due to
(a) presbyopia.
(b) accommodation.
(c) near-sightedness.

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(d) far-sightedness.
 8. A person needs a lens of power –5.5 dioptres for correcting his distant
vision. For correcting his near vision he needs a lens of power +1.5 dioptre.
What is the focal length of the lens required for correcting
(i) distant vision, and (ii) near vision?

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 9. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the
nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem?

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 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the
nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem?

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 10. The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the
(a) pupil.
(b) retina.
(c) ciliary muscles.
(d) iris.

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 11. (a) What are the values of (i) near point and (ii) far point of vision of a
normal adult person? [2011]
(b) A student has difficulty in reading the blackboard while sitting in the last
row. What could be his defect of vision? Draw a ray diagram to illustrate this
defect of vision.

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 A student traces the path of a ray through a glass prism for four different
values of angle of incidence. On analyzing the diagrams he is likely to conclude
that the emergent ray
(a) is always parallel to the incident ray.
(b) is always perpendicular to the incident ray.

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(c) is always parallel to the refracted ray.
(d) always bends at an angle to the direction of incident ray.
 13. Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point
of a hypermetropic eye is 1 m. What is the power of the lens required to
correct this defect? Assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm.

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 Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point of a
hypermetropic eye is 1 m. What is the power of the lens required to correct
this defect? Assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm.

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 14.A prism ABC (with BC as base) is placed in different orientations. A
narrow beam of white light is incident on the prism as shown in Figure 11.1. In
which of the following cases, after dispersion, the third colour from the top
corresponds to the colour of the sky?
(a) (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (d) (iv)

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 15. A student sitting on the last bench can read the letters written on the
blackboard but is not able to read the letters written in his text book. Which
of the following statements is correct?
(a) The near point of his eyes has receded away
(b) The near point of his eyes has come closer to him

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(c) The far point of his eyes has come closer to him
(d) The far point of his eyes has receded away
 16. What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the
distance of an object from the eye?

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 17. Explain the refraction of light through a triangular glass prism using a
labelled ray diagram. Hence define the angle of deviation.
The angle between the direction of the refracted ray and the direction of the
incident ray when a ray of light passes from one medium to another.

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 18. Why do stars twinkle?
The twinkling of a star is due to atmospheric refraction of starlight. The
atmospheric refraction occurs in a medium of gradually changing refractive index
The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction
continuously before it reaches the earth.As the path of rays of light coming from
the star goes on varying slightly, the apparent position of the star fluctuates and

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the amount of starlight entering the eye flickers – the star sometimes appears
brighter, and at some other time, fainter, which is the twinkling effect.
 19. Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric
(a) dispersion of light by water droplets
(b) refraction of light by different layers of varying refractive indices
(c) scattering of light by dust particles
(d) internal reflection of light by clouds

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 20. Explain why the planets do not twinkle.
The planets are much closer to the earth, and are thus seen as extended
sources.
If we consider a planet as a collection of a large number of point-sized sources
of light, the total variation in the amount of light entering our eye from all the

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individual point-sized sources will average out to zero, thereby nullifying the
twinkling effect.
 21. When light rays enter the eye, most of the refraction occurs at the
(a) crystalline lens
(b) outer surface of the cornea
(c) iris
(d) pupil

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 22. The focal length of the eye lens increases when eye muscles
(a) are relaxed and lens becomes thinner
(b) contract and lens becomes thicker
(c) are relaxed and lens becomes thicker
(d) contract and lens becomes thinner

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 23. Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) A person with myopia can see distant objects clearly
(b) A person with hypermetropia can see nearby objects clearly
(c) A person with myopia can see nearby objects clearly
(d) A person with hypermetropia cannot see distant objects clearly

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 24. Due to gradual weakening of ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of
the eye lens a certain defect of vision arises. Write the name of this defect.
Name the type of lens required by such persons to improve the vision.
Explain the structure and function of such a lens. [2017]
This defect is called Presbyopia. It arises due to the gradual weakening of the

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ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of the eye lens.
 25. (a) Draw a ray diagram to explain the term angle of deviation.
[2017]
(b) Why do the component colours of incident white light split into a
spectrum while passing through a glass prism, explain?

“ Dispersion of white light occurs because, as they pass through a prism, different
colours of light bend through different angles with respect to the incident ray.
 26. What is rainbow? When and where do we see a rainbow? How is a
rainbow formed? Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate the formation of
a rainbow. [2013,2017,2019]
Rainbow is a natural spectrum formed in the sky after rain shower due to
dispersion of light caused by suspended water droplets in atmosphere.

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 27. How did Newton show that white light of Sun contains seven colours
using two identical glass prisms. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of light
when two identical glass prisms are arranged together in inverted position
with respect to each other and a narrow beam of white light is allowed to fall
obliquely on one of the focus of the first prism. [2016, 2019]

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 28. Explain with the help of a diagram, how we are able to observe the
sunrise about two minutes before the Sun gets above the horizon.
[2011]

“ The sun can seen about two minutes before sunrise because when the sun is
slightly below the horizon, the sun’s light coming from less dense air to more
dense air is refracted downwards as it passes through the atmosphere. Thus due
to this atmosphere refraction, the sun appears to be raised above the horizon
actually it is slightly below the horizon.
 29. Explain giving reason why the sky appears blue to an observer from
the surface of the earth? What will the colour of the sky be for an
astronaut staying in the international space station orbiting the earth?
Justify your answer giving reason. [2014]
The fine particles in the atmosphere scatter light of shorter wavelength (blue

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colour) more strongly than the light of longer wavelength (red colour).
Therefore, the sky appears blue from the surface of the Earth.
For an astronaut the sky would appear dark because in space there is no
atmosphere for scattering light.
 30. In human eye the part which allows light to enter into the eye is-
[2023]
(a) Retina
(b) pupil
(c) eye lens

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(d) cornea