TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (MEIKTILA)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING

Motor Speed Control By Using SCADA Software

BY
Mg Win Ko Ko
VI EP- 33

GRADUATION THESIS
PROPOSAL
TITLE
Motor Speed Control By Using SCADA Software

Introduction
Automation is referred as creation of technology and application to control and
monitor a system by evaluating its parameters. Automation also replaces the humans by well
controlled and planned processes. Automation is the need of the hour in all fields of
engineering but when it comes to the field of Electrical Engineering, it has become
mandatory to continuously evaluate new techniques for practical implementation to make
automation efficient and more accessible in all the sectors.
Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating
equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens,
switching in telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other
applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some process have been
completely automated. The motor speed is controlled via the driver as an open loop control.
To make a more precise closed loop control of motor speed we will use a tachometer
to measure the speed and feed it back to the PLC, which compares to the desired value and
take a control action, then the signal is transferred to the motor – via driver – to increase /
decrease the speed. We will measure the speed of the motor using an incremental rotary
encoder by adjusting parameters (PLC, driver) and also we need to reduce the overall cost of
the system. Our control system will be held using the available Siemens PLC. In addition, we
will monitor motor parameters via SCADA system.
Induction motors are widely used motors in manufacturing industries and plants due
to its construction. They can operate in any environmental condition as well as are cheaper in
cost as they do not have brushes, commutators, slip rings which are present in other motors
They do not require a lot of maintenance. Induction motors can be operated in a wide variety
of environments. A motor driving and a system to control it is used with different methods.
In any industry the induction motor plays an important role due to its low cost and
simplicity. By implementing a monitoring and control system for the speed of motor, the
induction motor can be used in high performance variable-speed applications. To control the
speed of these motor, a motor drive and control system with different methods can be
used.An induction motor’s speed enables affected by the supply frequency, change the
number of motor stators, adjust the power input.
Aim and Objective
 To save energy and man-power by monitoring and operating the motors which are
necessary from operator.
 To realize more about the monitoring by PLC and SADA software.
 To understand about Industrial control systems.
 To learn how to program using PLC software.
 To develop the totally integrated automation systems.

Problem Statement
 Starting, stopping and speed control of motor had to performed by hand every time.
 The operator had to move a manual switching device from one position to another.
 Switching of large motors required great physical effort.
 Operator had to remain continuously alert to watch indicators so as to adjust motor
performance according to drive requirements.
 Sequence operations of number of motors could not be accomplished in common line
shaft arrangement.
 The varied needs of individual machines like frequent starts and stops, periodic reversal
of direction of rotation, high-starting torque requirement, constant speed, variable speed,
etc., could not be accomplished in common line shaft arrangement.
Therefore, manual control is replaced by automatic control in the automation system. If the
combinations of PLC, VFD and HMI are used to develop the totally integrated automation
systems in Myanmar’s automation sector.

Methodology
This system proposed to “Speed Control of Induction Motor uses a PLC and SCADA
system” by using various techniques. This system is based on studying the PLC, HMI,VFD
and SCADA. The VFD which drives the motor which is controlled via PLC checking health
of the motor considering various parameters which is communicated via serial
communication with the monitoring. The existing VFD uses the PWM techniques for the load
control and thus causes the harmonics and noise in switching angle. This system deals with
the use of diode clamping VFD with flying capacitors for conversion of single phase to three
phases of supply connected to VFD With load. The VFD communicates with the switching
mechanism which is communicated to the logical unit of PLC which sends signal at different
switching angles via communication protocol in supervision software.

Future Plan
In the future, PLC and HMI may be replaced by SCADA technology. Then, using the
internet we can install the control technology with a smart phone everywhere on this plant.
Harmonics can cause:
 Circulating currents and high voltages caused by harmonic resonance
 Equipment malfunctions due to excessive voltage distortion
 Increased internal energy losses in connected equipment, causing component
failure and shortened life span
 False tripping of branch circuit breakers
 Metering errors
 Fires in wiring and distribution systems
 Generator failures
 Lower system power facto

WHY IS HARMONIC STUDY AND ANALYSIS NECESSARY?

Although the possibility of harmonic problems is narrow, the cases in which they do appear
can lead to reduction in power system reliability. Harmonics degrade the level of power
quality and its efficiency, particularly in a commercial building or industrial facility. An
insight of the potential effects and causes can help avoid harmonic related problems at the
design stage and decrease the possibility of undesired effects happening on start-up.

IEEE Std. 519-1992, which is titled “IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for
Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems”, Chapter 10 “Recommended Practices for
Individual Consumers”, this section is written from the perspective that harmonics must be
within acceptable limits at the point where the power system serves more than one customer.

It should be kept in mind that only when the non-linear loads become a substantial portion of
the total load, harmonic study and analysis is recommended to predict harmonic levels and
identify potential resonance problems regardless of the rectifier pulse number. Most buildings
can withstand nonlinear loads of up to 16% of the total electrical system capacity without
concern. If the nonlinear loads exceed 16%, some non-apparent negative consequences can
result.

TWO TYPES OF ANALYSIS ARE PRESENT IN A HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND

STUDY:
Current and Voltage Distortion Analysis
The discrete and whole current and voltage harmonic distortions are estimated at several
buses then the outcome are judged against the predetermined limits.

Impedance versus Frequency Analysis

A chart of the system impedance at different buses is plotted against the frequency. This
analysis is important in predicting the system resonances prior to energizing the electrical
system. A rise in the impedance plot implies a parallel resonance while a depression in the
impedance plot denotes a series resonance.

If harmonic analysis denotes extreme harmonic levels or a potentially harmful resonance

condition, there are numerous substitute corrective actions that can be performed.

 Implement a rectifier with a pulse number higher than 6.

 Relocate or disconnect a small amount of power factor correction capacitance to
shift a resonant frequency away from a characteristic harmonic.
 Harmonic filters can also be added to the system.
 Implementing a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) rectifier.
Working Principle
The harmonic filter working principle is to decrease distortion through
deflecting harmonic currents within less-impedance lanes. These filters are
capacitive at the basic frequency, so used to generate the reactive power
ne

Harmonic Filter Types

Generally, harmonics filters are classified into different types based on the
voltage applied, rated power, 1-phase or 3-phases & other different
parameters which depend on the load. These are very effective filters that
protect expensive electrical equipment from excess power because of
harmonics.

There are two types of harmonic filters like active and passive. The major
difference between these two is the components used while designing the
filter. The active harmonic filter uses active components like ICs, BJTs,
IGBTs & MOSFETs whereas the passive harmonic filter uses different
passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
cessary through converters & also for correction of power factor