Pronunciation Coursebook

Unit One: /T/
think bathroom teeth /TINk/ /bQTrum/ /tiT/
How to Make the Sound

Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don't put it between your
lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and tongue.
Don't vibrate your vocal cords.
Exercise One: Word Repetition

Listen to the following words and repeat.
Thursday without teeth
think bathroom path
third nothing method
throw breathless booth
Thelma mythology wrath
Exercise Two: Minimal Pairs

Listen to the following word pairs. Repeat them, being careful to make the distinction
between the two sounds.
three free thin sin

Thor soar pass path
both boat fought thought
tore Thor moth moss
frilled thrilled three free
Exercise Three: Phrases with /T/

You will hear phrases of words that either contain the sound /T/ or do not. As you listen to
each, phrase circle yes if you hear /T/, and circle no if you do not.
1. yes no 4. yes no 7. yes no
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Exercise Four: Minimal Pair Distinction
Part One
You will hear the sentences below, but only one of the italicized words will be spoken.
Circle the one word which you hear.
1. Geoffrey saw the pass/path and took it.
2. Thora and Thelma read all about the trees/threes.
3. After the rain, his booths/boots were covered with mud.
4. All the students saw the free/three men and applauded.
5. The new manager really liked his new theme/team.
Part Two
Listen for the missing words and write them on the lines below.
6. That man was when I saw him.
7. Paula and John were by the Halloween costumes.
8. The little girl had a big ___________.
9. My are no good.
10. The baseball player had a hot .
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Exercise Five: Dictation
Listen to the sentences and write them.
1. _____________________________________thumb._______
2. ____________________thirsty _________________________
3. _________________________________________healthy.___
4. ____________________________________________fine.___
5. _______________________moths_______________________
Exercise Six: Questions for Answers Given

In this section, you will hear 5 answers. You will not hear the questions. Listen carefully to
the answer, and then record the question in the space provided on your tape by using your
drill/record button.
Example: ______________________? I'm fine, thanks.

(you record "How are you?" onto your tape BEFORE the answer.)
1. Do you think…
2. Have…
3. Was…
4. Did…
5. Was…
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Unit One Tongue Twisters
Say these tongue twisters out loud to practice the sound.
1. Thor is the god of Thunder.

/Tçr Iz D´ gAd !v T!nd´r/
2. Thelma and Theo have bad breath.

/TElm´ Qnd TioW hQv bQd brET/
3. Three free thrilling frills fought on Ruth's roof.

/Triy friy TrIlIN frIlz fAt çn ruTs ruf/
4. Thieves are thankless thugs who deserve our wrath.

/Tivz Ar TQNkl´s T!gz huW d´z´rv AWr rQT/
5. Nothing is worth thousands of deaths.

/n!TIN Iz w´rT TAwzńz !v dETs/
6. Mr. Smith's teeth are thin and lethal.

/mIst´r smITs tiT Ar TIn Qnd liT´l/
7. Thursdays are thirsty days for lethargic Ruth and Thelma.

/T´rzdeyz Ar T´rsti dEIz fçr l´TArdZIk ruT ń TElm´/
8. It seems themes are sought by thousands of mythical misses.

/It simz Timz Ar sAt baI TAWzńz !v mIT´k´l mIs´z/
9. Thick ticks on three trees brought broth to ten thin tin men.
/TIk tIks An Tri triz brAt brAT tu tEn TIn tIn mIn/
10. Sick thickets thwarted seven thin sinners from passing through.
/sIk TIk´ts Twçrt´d sEvń TIn sIn´rz frvm pQsIN TruW/
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Unit One
Minimal Pair Exercises for Student Pairs A
You and your partner have different sheets, either A or B.
Read your words from the list below to your partner, and he or she will mark down which
word was different (either the first, second, or third). Then, your partner will read, and you
will mark down on your worksheet either the first, second, or third (whichever is different).
Example: You hear "Thor—sore—Thor"; you write 2 in the space provided, as the second
(sore) was different from the first and third (Thor).
1. think sink sink 1. ____________________ (1, 2, or 3)
2. fought fought thought 2. ____________________
3. boat both boat 3. _____________________
4. broth broth brought 4. _____________________
5. sin thin thin 5. _____________________
6. moth moth moss 6. _____________________
7. Thor sore sore 7. ______________________
8. pass pass path 8. ______________________
9. three free three 9. ______________________
10. frilled frilled thrilled 10. ______________________
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Unit One
Minimal Pair Exercises for Student Pairs B
will mark down on your worksheet (either the first, second, or third, whichever is different).
1. thin sin sin 1. ____________________ (1, 2, or 3)
2. frilled thrilled thrilled 2. ____________________
3. boat both both 3. _____________________
4. path path pass 4. _____________________
5. thin thin sin 5. _____________________
6. moss moth moss 6. _____________________
7. free three three 7. ______________________
8. sink sink think 8. ______________________
9. brought broth brought 9. ______________________
10. sore Thor sore 10. ______________________
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Unit One Pair Dictation A
Read the following text to your partner. Repeat as many times as your partner needs. Then,
write down what your partner tells you. Ask your partner to repeat if necessary.
Beth and Faithful
Beth, a nurse, likes to think about how things were in the good old days. Beth remembers
taking her dog, Faithful, for a walk along the garden path. She liked to throw things for
Faithful to catch. The garden had 33 kinds of plants and thousands of flowers. For Beth,
nothing compared to a thoughtful walk through the garden.
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Unit One Pair Dictation B
Thankful Ruth
Ruth doesn't like to remember things from the past. 13 years ago, Ruth came close to death.
She was very thin and lost 30 pounds. Three of her teeth also fell out. Ruth is thankful for
her nurse, Beth, who helped her through thick and thin. Now, Ruth can enjoy long,
thoughtful baths.
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Unit One: Information Gap Exercise A
In this exercise, sit opposite your partner. Your partner will ask you which word goes into
the empty boxes. You will pronounce the word in your box, and your partner will write
down what you said. Then you ask your partner to pronounce the words in your missing
boxes.
Possible questions:
"Can you tell me the word which is in D-2?"

"Could you repeat that, please?"
A1 B1 C1 D1
three
A2 B2 C2 D2
sought free root
A3 B3 C3 D3
think
Thor
A4 B4 C4 D4
sink fink
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Unit One: Information Gap Exercise B
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
fought tree Ruth
A2 B2 C2 D2
Thor
A3 B3 C3 D3
three sore
A4 B4 C4 D4
both throb
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Unit One: Dialogue
With a partner, practice the conversation below until you have memorized it. Then, perform
it in front of your class. (For names, you can substitute Thor, Theo, Thelma, Beth or any
other name with / T / on the lines provided)
__________: Hello __________ how are you?
__________: Fine, thanks. And how are you, __________?
__________: I'm OK, I guess. Thanks for asking. But I think my health is not so good.
__________: You think so, __________? You look fine! I think you seem a little thin.
__________: No, I don't think I'm any thinner, but thanks anyway. No, I think
my teeth are unhealthy.
__________: You should see a dentist. I'm thinking of going on Thursday. Do
you want to come with me, __________?
__________: Thanks, but no. I think by Thursday I'll have healthy teeth
again. I hope.
__________: I hope so too, __________.
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Unit 2: //
those mother soothe /oz/ /mr/ /su/
How to make the sound

Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don't put it between your
lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and your tongue.
Vibrate your vocal cords to make//. The difference between // and // is that the first is
voiced and second, voiceless.

than although sheathe

those mother loathe
there father teethe
them northern soothe
thy whether seethe

than Dan breathing breeding
father fodder dare there
either ether clothing closing
teething teasing thy thigh
those doze thy die
Exercise Three: Phrases with //

You will hear phrases of words that either contain the sound // or do not. As you listen to
each phrase circle yes if you hear //, and circle no if you do not.

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Part One
1. They were breathing/breeding like rabbits.
2. I don't enjoy getting ether/either at all.
3. When exactly will they/day come?
4. My neighbours soothe/sued me often.
5. I don't think that essay is worthy/wordy.
Part Two
6. He can spell very well.
7. All my children like her ____________ .
8. His writing became ___________ after each paragraph.
9. The little girls are ______________.
10. The snake is beginning to ______________.
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Listen to the sentences and write them on the lines below.
1._________________________bathing____________________
2. _______________soothing_____________________________
3. ________bother______________________________________
4. __________________northerner_________________________
5. ________________soothes_____________________________


(you record "How are you?" onto your tape BEFORE the answer.
1. Did…
2. Has your…
3. Is your…
4. Have you been …
5. Is your…
Unit TWO: Tongue Twisters

Say the following sentences aloud, paying attention to the sound.
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1.Those of the southern and northern areas are still writhing and seething.
/oz v  srn ænd nrrn riz r stl ray n siy/
2. Breathe the breeze, loathe the lows, and soothe the Sues.
/bri  briz, lo  loz, ænd su  suz/
3. Rather than loathing their mothers, soothe their fathers.

/rar æn lo r mrz, su r frz/
4. Bathing in the bays is soothing to those teething brothers.

/b n  bz z su tu oz ti brrz/
5. Dan would rather scythe in wetter weather.

/dæn wd rær say n wtr wr/
6. Their dare was to Dan rather than those dozing northerners.

/r dr wz tu dæn rær æn oz doz nrnrz/
7. Ether either makes Thor writhe or seethe.

/ir ir myks r ray r siy/
8. Though dough is worthy, it is worthier with their father's tithe.

/o do z wri, t z wrir w r frz tay/
9. That thatch there on their thighs, although sheathed, is weathered.

/æt æt r n r ayz, lo id, z wrd/
10. Breeding breathing southern otters in the north is worth thousands to

them.
/brid bri srn trz n  nr z wr znz tu m/
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Unit Two
word is different, either the first, second, or third. Then, your partner will read, and you will
mark down on your worksheet either the first, second, or third, whichever is different.
Example: You hear "thy—thigh—thy"; you write 2 in the space provided, as the second
(thigh) was different from the first and third (thy).
1. though dough though 1. ____________________ (1, 2, or 3)
2. teething teething teasing 2. ____________________
3. D.A.T. that that 3. _____________________
4. bays bathe bays 4. _____________________
5. wetter weather weather 5. _____________________
6. breathe breathe breeze 6. _____________________
7. lows loathe loathe 7. ______________________
8. there dare there 8. ______________________
9. Dan than than 9. ______________________
10. breeding breeding breathing 10. _____________________
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Unit Two
Example: You hear "thy—thigh—thy"; you write 2 in the space provided, as the second
(thigh) was different from the first and third (thy).
1. breeze breathe breeze 1. ____________________ (1, 2, or 3)
2. teasing teething teething 2. ____________________
3. bays bays bathe 3. _____________________
4. lows loathe loathe 4. _____________________
5. there there dare 5. _____________________
6. than Dan than 6. _____________________
7. though though dough 7. ______________________
8. breeding breeding breathing 8. ______________________
9. D.A.T. that D.A.T. 9. ______________________
10. wetter weather weather 10. _____________________
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Unit Two Pair Dictation A
One Thursday, Thora and Thelma were bathing in the lake when Thelma said that she
needed a breath mint. Thora thought Thelma was either joking or crazy, as bathing in the
water was soothing, and Thora didn’t want to leave. Rather than have Thelma loathe her,
Thora sank into the water a little deeper and said, “Thelma, the weather is fine, and I’m
wetter than you, so why don’t you go if you think it’s worth it?” Thelma replied with a thin
smile, “This is such a thankless task. I either have to walk thousands of steps or have bad
breath the rest of the day. However, I will go; otherwise, what would Mother and Father
say?”
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Unit Two Pair Dictation B
Three thieves were sleeping under a tree when they woke to the sound of thunder. One
of the thugs said that he thought the weather was changing and it would soon rain. The other
two were lethargic and didn’t want to move. Rather than wait for his companions, the first
thief left the other two thugs, saying, “I’ve thought it over, and it’s not worth getting wet in
this weather. Whether I go north or south, I’m not sure, but either way, we won’t be three
anymore.” And off he went.
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Unit Two: Information Gap Exercise A
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
weather
A2 B2 C2 D2
teeth loathe root
A3 B3 C3 D3
wetter
breathe
A4 B4 C4 D4
teethe breed
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Unit Two: Information Gap Exercise B
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
ether though rather
A2 B2 C2 D2
either
A3 B3 C3 D3
Thee Dan
A4 B4 C4 D4
than dough
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Unit Two: Dialogue
it in front of your class. (For names, you can substitute Thor, Theo, Thelma, Beth or any
other name with // on the lines provided)
__________: Heh,__________! How is it going?
__________: Good, __________. And you?
__________: OK. Say, are your mother and father coming over for dinner
this Thursday?
__________: I think so, though mother’s a bit under the weather.
__________: Why’s that?
__________: Oh, my baby brother is teething. He just lies in bed writhing in

pain.
__________: Oh, that’s terrible. Are you soothing your brother?
__________: Yes, regularly. That’s a worthy thing to do, though I’d rather
have a quieter brother.
__________: That’s for sure.
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Unit Two Answer Key
Exercise Three: Phrases with TH
1. A dog bays only when a full moon arrives. no
2. Yesterday I saw an eider-down quilt. no
3. I bathe my dog only when a full moon arrives. yes
4. Breathing dogs are noisy at night. yes
5. Breeding dogs are noisy at night. no
6. My research paper was worthier than I thought. yes
7. My research paper was wordier than I thought. yes
8. Teasing babies does not make mom happy. no
9. Teething babies do not make moms happy. yes
Exercise Four
1. They were breathing/breeding like rabbits.
2. I don't enjoy getting ether/either at all.
3. When exactly will they/day come?
4. My neighbours soothe/sued me often.
5. I don't think that essay is worthy/wordy.
Part Two
6. He can spell ether/either very well.
7. All my children like her dough/though..
8. His writing became wordier/worthier after each paragraph.
9. The little girls are teething/teasing.
10. The snake is beginning to rise/writhe.

1. His mother is bathing the baby.
2. Her father is soothing her brother.
3. Don't bother to breathe under water.
4. Although he is a northerner, he is still my brother.
5. Sue's father soothes her when she is sick.

1. Did you see your mother and father? Yes, I saw my mother and father.
2. Has your brother bathed? No, my brother hasn't bathed, but he has showered.
3. Is your father bigger than Dan? No, my father is not bigger than Dan.
4. Have you been breeding northern otters? No, I haven't been breeding northern otters. I
have been breeding southern otters.
5. Is your baby brother teething? Yes, my baby brother is teething. He cries every night.
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Unit Three: /l/ & /r/
rarely lures rural /rrli/ /lurz/ /rurl/
How to Make the Sound

There are two /l/ sounds in English. One is the light /l/, which occurs at the beginning of a word, and the
dark /l/, which can be found in the middle or at the end of a word. To make the light /l/, place the tip of your
tongue just behind your top teeth. Your breath should pass along both sides of the tongue and through the
open lips. The dark /l/ is similar, except have the tip of your tongue further back. /r/ is very close to the dark
/l/, except the tip of your tongue should not touch the roof of your mouth.

leaf reef leer

lick Rick real
silly serious really
full hurry mirror
rile rural lure

Listen to the following word pairs from your tape. Repeat them, being careful to make the
distinction between the two sounds.
limb rim berry belly

lot rot jelly jerry
spool spoor raw law
light right bowling boring
free flee climb crime
Exercise Three: Phrases with /l/

Listen to your tape. You will hear phrases of words that either contain the sound /l/ or do
not. As you listen to each phrase circle yes if you hear /l/, and circle no if you do not.

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Part One
Listen to your tape. You will hear the sentences below, but only one of the italicized words
will be spoken. Circle the word which you hear.
1. Her lace/race was lost.
2. John was always right/light.
3. The judge thought that it was a real climb/crime.
4. My friend comes from a very loyal/royal family.
5. The people erected/elected their hero.
Part Two
6. The was a dull brown colour.
7. His was getting bigger every day.
8. He gave his paper for the .
9. He lost a in the car accident.
10. The got bigger minute by minute.
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Listen to the following sentences and write them.
1. _________________________________________is out.______
2. ___Crimes___________________________________________
3. ____________fleas_____________________________________
4. _Is Roland____________________________________________
5. __Rural______________________________________________


(you record "How are you?" onto your tape BEFORE the answer. Then, cue your tape and
let your instructor listen.)
1. Is the…
2. Are you…
3. Did the…
4. Have you…
5. Can I…
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Tongue Twisters
Say the following sentences aloud, concentrating on the sounds L and R.
1. Laura and Larry rarely lull their rural roosters to sleep.

/lr n lri rrli ll r rurl rustrz t sliyp/
2. Sri Lankans are really leery of Landry's rules.

/sri lænknz r riyli liri v lændriyz rulz/
3. Climbing crimes are lures for crowded clowns.

/klaym kraymz r lurz fr krdd klwnz/
4. There are free fleas for all the loyal royalty.

/r r friy fliyz fr l  lyl ryltiy/
5. It's the right light with the glimmer in the mirror.

/ts  rayt layt w  lmr n  mrr/
6. Collecting the corrections is the role of the elderly.

/klkt  krknz z  rol v  ldrliy/
7. Are Roland and Sally rallying here in their lorry?

/r rolnd ænd sæliy ræliy hir n r lri/
8. Jerry's berry jelly really rankled his broiling belly.

/driz bri dli rili rækld hz brl bliy/
9. Yellow arrows frilled with reefed leaves are rarely light.

/ylo roz frld w riyft liyvz r rrli layt/
10. A leaky rear latch on the listing bark lifted right up and the water rushed in.
/æ liyki rir læt n  lst brk lftd rayt p ænd  wtr rt n/
Unit Three /l/ & /r/

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Example: You hear "rim—limb—rim"; you write 2 in the space provided, as the second
(limb) was different from the first and third (rim).
1. limb rim rim _______________________
2. belly berry belly _______________________
3. climb crime climb _______________________
4. lot rot rot _______________________
5. right light light _______________________
6. spoor spool spoor _______________________
7. boring boring bowling _______________________
8. flee free free _______________________
9. law raw law _______________________
10. jelly jerry jelly _______________________
Unit Three /l/ & /r/
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Example: You hear "rim—limb—rim"; you write 2 in the space provided, as the second
(limb) was different from the first and third (rim).
1. free flee free ___________________
2. spool spool spoor ___________________
3. raw law raw ___________________
4. bowling bowling boring ___________________
5. jerry jelly jerry ___________________
6. light right right ___________________
7. belly berry berry ___________________
8. limb rim limb ___________________
9. crime crime climb ___________________
10. rot rot lot ___________________
Unit Three Pair Dictation A

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Lucky Larry
When Larry lived in Alberta, he loved to ride the range. He regularly left early in the
morning and rode until he saw the lovely lake on his land. Larry then required his horse,
Lady, to wait while he ran into the lake and did several laps. Luckily, the weather is rarely
rainy in Alberta. So Larry could ride and swim every morning. Lucky Larry!
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Unit Three Pair Dictation B
Lucky Laurie
Laurie is a lawyer in the Northwest Territories. She loves law and writes many articles
about right and wrong. Lots of other lawyers like Laurie because she rarely loses a case.
Actually, Laurie was so popular that she ran in the provincial election. Unfortunately,
Laurie lost the election. But she believes that winning isn't everything. Luckily, she learned
that lesson early in life. Lucky Laurie!
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Unit Three: Information Gap Exercise A
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
rarely Larry rally
A2 B2 C2 D2
rural
A3 B3 C3 D3
mirror Laurie
A4 B4 C4 D4
Laura Arnold
Page 32 of 159
Unit Three: Information Gap Exercise B
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
rarely
A2 B2 C2 D2
leery really rule
A3 B3 C3 D3
lures
correct
A4 B4 C4 D4
linger collect
Page 33 of 159
DIALOGUE Unit Three l/r
DIRECTIONS
Work with a partner and practice the following dialogue until you memorize it. When you
have memorized it, say it for your instructor.
SITUATION
Two friends are going to watch a play.
Laurie: Hurry, Ronald, or we'll be late!
Ronald: All right, all right, Laurie! I'm almost ready.
Laurie: I'm really looking forward to the play, aren't you?
Ronald: Yeah, I am. But, Larry told me the play was really boring.
Laurie: Really? Well, Ryan loved it.
Ronald: That's good. Well, I read a review of the play late last night.
Laurie: And was it a great review, Ronald?
Ronald: Absolutely! The actors, lighting, script, everything

received excellent ratings!
Laurie: Right on!
Page 34 of 159
Unit 4: /i/ //
seen sin /sin/ /sn/
How to make the sounds

To make the /i/ sound, raise the middle of your tongue high in your mouth and tense your muscles into a
smile. Make a voiced sound. For //, relax your muscles but keep your tongue in the same position.

Listen to the following words from the tape and repeat.
Pete heat lip kipper

leak cheap miss gin
scene ether chip grin
believe seen live pill
leave breathe bin quiz

Listen to the following word pairs from your tape. Repeat them, being careful to make the
distinction between the two sounds.
pit Pete bitch beach

living leaving gin Jean
bid bead pick peak
mid mead lick leak
live leave grin green
Exercise Three: Phrases with /i/ //

Listen to your tape. You will hear phrases of words that either contain the sound /i/ or //. As
you listen to each phrase, write i on the line if you hear /i/, or I on the line if you hear //.
1. _____ 4. _____ 7. _____
2. _____ 5. _____ 8. _____
3. _____ 6. _____ 9. _____
Page 35 of 159
Part One: Listen to your tape. You will hear the sentences below, but only one of the
italicized words will be spoken. Circle the word which you hear.
1. John and Sarah were living/leaving happily.
2. Sally took the bins/beans to the warehouse.
3. The orchard workers picked/peeked most of the day.
4. The team needed Jean/gin to win the game.
Part Two
Listen for the missing words and write them in the spaces provided.
5. The farmer had only one _______________.
6. He had to _____________ the chickens.
7. The baseball player _____________ the ball before the game.
8. Tim had to have a ______________ when he saw the ice cream.
Page 36 of 159
1._________________________________Slim's_______________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________gin.________


1. Does…
2. Will Bill's…
3. Did…
4. Were you…
5. Has…
Page 37 of 159
Unit Four Tongue Twisters
Say the following sentences aloud, concentrating on making the distinction between the two sounds.
1. Tim's team was licked by the leaking roof.

/tmz tiym wz lkt bay  liyk ruf/
2. Pip and Pete shipped the sheep ships cheaply.

/pp ænd piyt pt  iyp ps tiypliy/
3. Those bins are for Bill Beal's beans.

/oz bnz r fr bl biylz biynz/
4. Does Jim still steal Jill's jeans?

/dz dm stl stiyl dzlz diynz/
5. Will Wheeler's team get many hits in this heat?

/wl wiylrz tiym t mniy hts n s hiyt/
6. The girls snickered at Jill and Jean's sneakers.

/ rlz snkrd æt dl n dinz snikrz/
7. Leaving the living sinners at the scene, Will Wheeler grieved.

/liv  lv snrz æt  siyn, wl wiylr rivd/
8. Pick cherries at their peak or Pete will see the pits.

/pk triz æt r piyk r pit wl siy  pts/
9. Beach bins are filled with field filler.

/biyt bnz r fld w fiyld flr/
10. He's giving his healing pills to all the sinners on the scene.
/hiyz v hz hiyl plz tu l  snrz n  siyn/
Page 38 of 159
Unit Four /i/ & /I/
Example: You hear "sin—scene—sin"; you write 2 in the space provided, as the second
(scene) was different from the first and third (sin).
1. pit pet pit __________________
2. bead bid bead __________________
3. mid mead mead __________________
4. green green grin __________________
5. bitch beach bitch __________________
6. leak lick lick __________________
7. peel pill pill __________________
8. sin scene sin __________________
9. live leave leave __________________
10. gin jean gin __________________
Page 39 of 159
Unit Four /i/ & /I/
Example: You hear "sin—scene—sin"; you write 2 in the space provided, as the second
(scene) was different from the first and third (sin).
1. gin gin jean __________________
2. bitch beach bitch __________________
3. lick lick leak __________________
4. leave live live __________________
5. peel peel pill __________________
6. scene sin seen __________________
7. pit pet pit __________________
8. bead bid bead __________________
9. grin green green __________________
10. mead mead mid __________________
Page 40 of 159
Unit Four Dictation A
The Treehouse
Rick and Mitsy live in a treehouse which is covered with leaves. It is very weird to live in a
treehouse, but Rick and Mitsy think it’s neat. In the winter when it rains their house leaks,
and they don’t have any heat. That’s when Mitsy misses living in a real house and she thinks
about leaving. But she just grins and wishes for more green leaves to live in.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 41 of 159
Unit Four Dictation B
Cheap Pete
Pete lives near a peach orchard, and is a peach picker. Every morning, he leaves his living
quarters and picks peaches all day. Peach picking leaves Pete with a good living, though his
wages are sometimes cheap. So, Pete picks the peaches when they are at their peak, and he
leaves the peaches without the pits in the green leaves.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 42 of 159
Unit Four: Information Gap Exercise A
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
sneakers
A2 B2 C2 D2
gins lives beans
A3 B3 C3 D3
pick
leaking
A4 B4 C4 D4
fills scenes
Page 43 of 159
Unit Four: Information Gap Exercise B
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
snickers bins peak
A2 B2 C2 D2
leaves
A3 B3 C3 D3
jeans licking
A4 B4 C4 D4
feels sins
Page 44 of 159
Unit Four: DIALOGUE
DIRECTIONS
SITUATION
Two students are going to their friends' for dinner.
Lisle: You're really keen on that reading, Richard. But we have to go!
Richard: Give me a minute, Lisle. I'm almost finished reading!
Lisle: You're not nearly finished. Read when we get back.
Richard: Yeah, you're right. I'll miss dinner, otherwise. What are we
having?
Lisle: Some really strange meat. And wheat bread with thin beets.
Richard: I bit into some bad beets last week. My teeth ached for a week.
Lisle: Yes, I'm sure bad beets bitten are really a rip-off. But Tina is
cooking, so it won't be so bad.
Richard: Good. I've seen Tina cook some sinfully good dinners.
Lisle: Yeah, we'll see if it is sinful if we get going!
Page 45 of 159
Unit 4 Answer Key
Exercise Three: Phrases
1. Thrift is good. I
2. Gin makes him grin. I
3. John was green after he saw Jean. i
4. Rocco's teeth were lethal weapons. i
5. Sam and Sarah grin a lot. I
6. Steve and Pete are happy boys. i
7. The little girl had a big kipper. I
8. Distant thunder is interesting. I
9. The scene last week was good. i

1. John and Sarah were leaving happily.
2. Sally took the bins to the warehouse.
3. The orchard workers peeked most of the day.
4. The team needed Jean to win the game.
5. The farmer had only one ship.
6. He had to still the chickens.
7. The baseball player heats the ball before the game.
8. Tim had to have a lick when he saw the ice cream.

1. Jim still steals Slim's jeans.
2. The heat wave hit the city.
3. I have seen many sinners.
4. Pete shipped the chips.
5. Jean loves to drink gin.

1. Does Jim still steal Jill's jeans?
Yes, Jim still steals Jill's jeans.
2. Will Bill's team beat Tim's team?
No, I think Bill's team will not beat Tim's team.
3. Did you leave Vancouver?
Yes, I left Vancouver.
4. Were you living in Vancouver?
No, I wasn't living in Vancouver.
5. Has Jim shipped the bean bins?
Yes, Jim has shipped the bean bins.
Page 46 of 159
Unit 5: /s/, // /t/ sip ship chip /sp/ /p/ /tp/

/s/ is a voiceless fricative. // is also voiceless, but to make it different from /s/, pull the tip
of your tongue slightly back and up. (It is the same sound you make when you want
someone to be quiet: Shshshshshshsh!) For /t/, just put a /t/ in front of //, and you will
get a /t/.
Exercise One: Minimal Pair Repetition

sip ship chip

sane Shane chain
leasing leashing leaching
bass bash batch
Cass cash catch
Exercise Two: Minimal Pair/Trio Distinction

1. She was leasing/leashing/leaching when I called.
2. The man was watching his bass/bash/batch .
3. We saw a girl with Cass/cash .
4. He was watching/washing his car.
5. They were going to shoe/chew/sue it.
Page 47 of 159
Exercise Three: Minimal Trio Distinction
Listen to your tape. You will hear three words. One of the words will be different. If the first
word is different from the other two, write 1 on the line provided. If it the second, write 2,
and if it the third, write 3.
a. ____ b. ____ c. ____ d. ____
e. ____ f. ____ g. ____ h. ____
Exercise Four: Dictation

Listen to your tape and write the sentences on the lines below .
1. __Seashells_________________________________________
2. ________________chimes_____________________________
3. __Sean_____________________________________________
4. ___________________________________chow-chow.______
5. _____________________sop___________________________
Exercise Five: Questions for Answers Given


let your instructor listen. Try not to write anything down for this exercise.
Page 48 of 159
Unit Five Tongue Twisters
Say the following tongue twisters, paying attention to the three sounds in this unit.
1. Check the sheep shippers for seeping chips.

/tk  iyp prz fr siyp tps/
2. Chuck and Russ's cherries and peaches get mushy in a rush.

tk n rss triys n piyts t miy n  r/
3. Insane Shane chained his catch close to his ketch.

/nsn n tnd hz kæt klos tu hz kt/
4. The searchers for perch perished on the chilly seashore.

/ srtrz fr prt prt n  tli siyr/
5. Sean Schick was seasick selling seashells in shallow shoals.

/n k wz sisk sl siylz n ælo olz/
6. 'Shush', said Sally as she shredded Charlotte's cheap shirts.

/ sd sæli æz iy rdd rlts tiyp rts/
7. Sherman was shy about chips and sherbet in Chatanooga.

/rmn wz ay bt tps n rbt n tætnu/
8. Charlie is sure sore about the chipped Tahitian fuschia he purchased.

/trli z r sr bt  tpt thin fyu hi prtst/
9. Shawn shuddered and stopped chopping his hashish.

/n drd ænd stpt tp hz hæiy/
10. Grecian TV stations sometimes sell such cheap chinchillas.

/riyn tiyviy stinz smtaimz sl st tiyp tntlz/
Page 49 of 159
UNIT 5: Minimal Pairs A
DIRECTIONS
Work with a partner. First, repeat the words below. Your partner will write down the word
which sounds different. Then, your partner will read his/her words. Write down the word
which sounds different.
1. sane sane Shane __________________
2. cash catch cash __________________
3. leasing leasing leaching __________________
4. rust rushed rushed __________________
5. lass lash lash __________________
6. silly silly chilly __________________
7. Sam sham sham __________________
8. chop shop shop __________________
9. sheer sear sear __________________
10. sheer cheer cheer __________________
Page 50 of 159
UNIT 5: Minimal Pairs B
DIRECTIONS
1. leasing leasing leaching __________________
2. cash catch cash __________________
3. Sam sham sham __________________
4. rushed rust rushed __________________
5. sear sheer sear __________________
6. silly chilly silly __________________
7. sheer cheer cheer __________________
8. chop shop shop __________________
9. sane sane Shane __________________
10. lass lash lash __________________
Page 51 of 159
UNIT 5 Pair DICTATION A
Read the following text to your partner. Repeat as many times as your partner needs. Then, write down
what your partner tells you. Ask your partner to repeat if necessary.
Sam and Sarah's Shopping Spree
Sam and Sarah love to shop. Fortunately, they are really rich. Last Saturday, instead of
skiing, they changed their mind and shopped at Orchard Park Shopping Centre. They spent
lots of money on things for their house and for themselves. Sam bought dishes and pots for
his delicious meals, and Sarah purchased shears, silk shirts, and a chess game. They spent so
much money that now they are broke.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 52 of 159
UNIT 5 Pair DICTATION B
Chip and Chelsea's Shopping List
Chip and Chelsea think shopping is the best! Unfortunately, they have saved so little money
that they have to shop at the cheap shops. So, last Sunday, they shopped for things on sale at
Fields. Chip has several hobbies so he spent his savings on fishing hooks and running
shoes. Chelsea sews for a hobby, so she bought lots of cheap sheets so she can sew curtains.
Even though they wish they were richer than they are, Chip and Chelsea see that you don't
need to be rich to shop.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 53 of 159
Unit Five: Information Gap Exercise A
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
cheap Sean’s
chips sheep
A2 B2 C2 D2
chat shipped
rooms chips
A3 B3 C3 D3
Shaun’s chilly
chick seashore
A4 B4 C4 D4
Charlie’s Shane’s
Charlotte shins
Page 54 of 159
Unit Five: Information Gap Exercise B
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
sheep Shane’s
ships ship
A2 B2 C2 D2
Sean sheep
Schick chips
A3 B3 C3 D3
Charlotte’s
Charlie silly
chore
A4 B4 C4 D4
shrill Shawn’s
chin
Page 55 of 159
UNIT 5 DIALOGUE
DIRECTIONS
SITUATION
Sean and Shelly discuss the news in their lives.
Sean: So, Shelley, what's new?
Shelly: Not much, Sean. Except that I saw a super movie last night.
Sean: Which one did you see? "Rising Sun" with Sean Connery?
Shelly: No, no. That's a disgusting movie. So much sex and violence.
Sean: Really? Maybe I should see it then. I love sex and violence.
Shelly: You're sick, Sean. I like romance and adventure movies. They're my
favorite.
Sean: So, you saw "Sleeping Beauty"?
Shelly: Give me (Gimme) a break, silly. Of course not. I saw that one last
year.
Sean: Seems like I just can't guess what you saw, Shelly. Tell me!
Shelly: Well, it stars Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington.
Sean: I know, I know. I just can't remember the name, but it's about AlDS,
isn’t it?
Shelly: That's right. The title starts with "p".
Sean: "P"? No, still can't catch it, Shelly.
Shelly: Okay, okay. It's the name of a big American city.
Sean: Philadelphia!
Page 56 of 159
Answer Key Unit 5
Exercise Two: Minimal Pair Distinction
1. She was leasing when I called.

2. The man was watching his batch.
3. We saw a girl with cash.
4. He was watching his car.
5. They were going to sue it.
Exercise Three:
a. cash cash catch 3
b. sewer sure sewer 2
c. sheep seep seep 1
d. much mush mush 1
e. bash bass bash 2
f. cheap cheap sheep 3
g. wished whist wished 2
h. Shauna sauna sauna 1
1. Seashells on the seashore are sold in shops.

2. Cheap ship chimes shine sometimes.
3. Sean was ashamed of leasing his leash.
4. Sue's shoes were chewed by her chow-chow.
5. Chop shops sop shoppers.
1. Have you seen the sheep shippers?

No, I haven't seen the sheep shippers.
2. Do seashells make you seasick?
Yes, seashells make me seasick.
3. Did you eat cheap chips at the party?
No, I didn't eat cheap chips at the party.
4. Are you meeting Sherry and Cherry at the party tonight?
No, I don't think I am meeting Sherry and Cherry at the party tonight.
5. Can you say, "cheap sheep are shipped with chips?
Yes I can say that: "Cheap sheep are shipped with chips".
Page 57 of 159
Unit 6: /v/ & /w/ vine wine /van/ /wan/
To make the /v/ sound, put your upper teeth onto your lower lip. Use your voice as your breath passes
through the teeth and lower lip. To make the /w/ sound, push the lips forward and say /u/, then let the tongue
and lower lip drop. When you let the first sound glide into the second (usually a vowel follows), /w/ is
produced. In this Unit, /w/ is not distinguished from /h/ (wail vs. whale), which will be looked at in more
detail in Unit 13.

Listen to the following words from your tape and repeat them.
vest navel west wood

vine drive once wagon
vivid several worry narrow
verb arrive few were
vote carve twelve twine

Listen to the following words and repeat them.
vest west vest best

veil wail groove grew
vine wine roving rowing
viper wiper west rest
vast fast wine Rhine
very berry vine fine
Exercise Three: Phrases with /v/ or /w/

Listen to your tape. You will hear phrases of words that either contain /v/ or /w/. As you listen to each
phrase, circle /v/ if you hear /v/, circle /w/ if you hear /w/, or circle ø if you hear neither.
1. v w ø 2. v w ø 3. v w ø 4. v w ø
5. v w ø 6. v w ø 7. v w ø 8. v w ø
Page 58 of 159
Part One
1. My friends had a lot of wines/vines in their basement.
2. His poetry is becoming worse/verse.
3. Her story was disturbed by a wail/veil.
4. A wiper/viper was used in the experiment.
5. The cows were mooing/moving in the pasture.
6. The teacher used the wiser/visor of the two students.
Part Two: Listen for the missing words and write them on the lines below.
7. Did you happen to look in the __________________?
8. The boaters _______________ in the park.
9. They __________________ under the floor.
10. The French teacher said ___________________(French word for

"YOU").
Page 59 of 159
Exercise 5: Dictation
1. ____________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________
3. ____________________________wind up_________________
4. ______________________________________pronounce._____
5. ______________________________________weird._________


(you record "How are you?" onto your tape BEFORE the answer. Then, cue your tape and let
your instructor listen.)
1. Did you…
2. Have you…
3. Are you…
4. Did you__________________ very worn waistcoat______________
5. Have…
Page 60 of 159
Unit Six: Tongue Twisters
Say the following sentences, paying attention to the sounds /v/ & /w/.
1. Wendell Vaccario wasted vine after vine.

/wndl vækriyo wistd vayn æftr vayn/
2. Woolen vests for wailing wolves are worn in the vast woodlands.
/wln vsts fr weyl wlvz r wrn n  væst wdlnz/
3. Varied berries are wetted while Val and Walt whisper in vain.
/vriyd briyz r wtd wayl væl ænd wlt wspr n veyn/
4. Woodson's waistcoat is weirdly vented.

/wdsnz weystkot z wirdliy vntd/
5. Wise women don't walk in the woods while wolves wander.

/wayz wmn dont wk n  wdz wayl wlvz wndr/
6. Vivian, Valerie, and Virginia verbally voiced vivid salvos.

/vvin, vælri, ænd vrdny vrbli vst vvd sælvoz/
7. Mervin never drivels when vexing wooing vendors.

/mrvn nvr drvlz wn vks wu vndrz/
8. Walt's villa is verging on the weird and vile.

/wlts vl z vrd n  wird n vayl/
9. Groves of vines veered west along the villain's veranda.

/rovz v vaynz vird wst l  vlnz vrænd/
10. For once, weary Wanda's woolgathering lost its vim and vigor.
/fr wns, wiri wndz wlær lst ts vm ænd vr/
Page 61 of 159
UNIT 6: PAIRED DISTINCTION A
DIRECTIONS
1. vest west vest __________________
2. few view view __________________
3. groove grew groove __________________
4. viper viper wiper __________________
5. wail veil wail __________________
6. west rest rest __________________
7. Rhine Rhine wine __________________
8. vine fine vine __________________
9. won fun fun __________________
10. best vest vest _____________________
Page 62 of 159
UNIT 6: PAIRED DISTINCTION B
DIRECTIONS
1. view few view __________________
2. won won fun __________________
3. wiper viper wiper __________________
4. west rest west __________________
5. vest vest west __________________
6. veil veil wail __________________
7. Rhine wine wine __________________
8. best best vest __________________
9. fine fine vine __________________
10. grew grew groove __________________
Page 63 of 159
Unit Six: Pair Dictation A
write down what your partner tells you. Ask your partner to repeat if necessary. Use this
language:
•Could you repeat/spell that please?

•Would you mind repeating/spelling that please?
Lively Vivian
Living in a wonderful villa in Venezuela, Vivian loves to dive and wade in the lovely sea
every week day. In her villa in the evening, Vivian can jive for five hours on the week- end.
While she serves several clever but waist-watching drinks so her visitors can wet their
whistles, Vivian awaits her favorite visitor, Wild Willy.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Page 64 of 159
Unit Six: Pair Dictation B
write down what your partner tells you. Ask your partner to repeat if necessary. Use this
language:
•Could you repeat/spell that please?

•Would you mind repeating/spelling that please?
Wild Willy
Willy is a wild and crazy welcome to Vivian's villa. Every event at the villa is a window of
wonder for Willy. He wheels his wagon, his own very weird version of a BMW, west along
the winding roads of the Venezuelan seashore. While waiting for a welder to repair his car,
Wild Willy wonders if he can wed Vivian.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Page 65 of 159
Unit Six: Information Gap Exercise A
In this exercise, sit opposite your partner. Your partner will ask you which word goes into the
empty boxes. You will pronounce the word in your box, and your partner will write down
what you said. Then you ask your partner to pronounce the words in your missing boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
fine Walt’s
wines fault
A2 B2 C2 D2
wooing wails in
would vales
A3 B3 C3 D3
western
vests groves
grow
A4 B4 C4 D4
a vile worn
being waistcoat
Page 66 of 159
Unit Six: Information Gap Exercise B
In this exercise, sit opposite your partner. Your partner will ask you which word goes into the
empty boxes. You will pronounce the word in your box, and your partner will write down
what you said. Then you ask your partner to pronounce the words in your missing boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
wine Walt’s
vines vault
A2 B2 C2 D2
wearing growing
vests groves
A3 B3 C3 D3
voodoo vales on
woods whales
A4 B4 C4 D4
invested While
western being vile
wear
Page 67 of 159
UNIT 6: DIALOGUE
V/W
DIRECTIONS
SITUATION
Vivian and Willy discuss their vacation.
Vivian: I've waited a long time for this vacation, Willy.
Willy: Well, Vivian, I have too. That's why I want to wander

around Mount Vesuvius for a while.
Vivian: Wait a minute, Willy. Mount Vesuvius will be a real waste of

time.
Willy: What are you saying! It's one of the world's most
wonderful spots.
Vivian: Willy, why don't we visit Washington or Las Vegas instead.
Willy: I never want to visit the United States. It's way too
expensive.
Vivian: You're right. I wonder what Asia would be like.
Willy: Asia? Now there's a clever idea.
Vivian: How about Taiwan, Willy?
Willy: Taiwan would be wonderful, Vivian.
Page 68 of 159
Unit Six Answer Key
Exercise Three: Phrases with V or W
1. Francis and Wanda went by wagon. w
2. Good vines are divine most of the time. v
3. Good wines are fine most of the time. w
4. Imps are fairies who blow kisses to hoods.w
5. Arrows and bows are not for widows. w
6. Bins, cabs, buses, and phones ø
7. Trowels, trusses and trains w
8. Barry's berries are very buried. v

1. My friends had a lot of wines/vines in their basement.
2. His poetry is becoming worse/verse.
3. Her story was disturbed by a wail/veil.
4. A wiper/viper was used in the experiment.
5. The cows were mooing/moving in the pasture.
6. The teacher used the wiser/visor of the two students.
7. Did you happen to look in the west?

8. The boaters rowed in the park.
9. They vent under the floor.
10. The French teacher said vous.
Exercise 5: Dictation
1. Would you like to walk in the woods?
2. Fine wine grows on fine vines.
3. Wheels on whales would wind up down wind.
4. Wool and wood are wonderful words to pronounce.
5. Wandering wolves in the woods are weird.
Part 6: Questions for Answers Given.

1. Did you walk in the woods with Walter?
No, I didn't. I walked in the woods with Vivian, not Walter.
2. Have you seen the fine wines on the vines?
Yes, I have! And I must say, the fine wines on the vines that I saw were wonderful!
3. Are you going to watch the whales in the west?
No, I am not going to, but you go ahead and go and watch the whales in the west.
4. Did you wear your very worn waistcoat in the woods?
No, I didn't wear it for my walk in the woods, because my very worn waist coat is worn out.
5. Have you met many wise women?
Yes, of course! I have met many wise women.
Page 69 of 159
Unit 7: /d/ // eore zsa zsa /drd/ /

For the sound //, first make the // sound, and then use your voice. // is voiceless, // is
voiced. To make the /d/ sound, try making the // sound with a /d/ in front of it. In /d/,
the tip of the tongue touches the tooth ridge; in //, it does not.

Asian version major agile

occasion pleasure legion diverging
Persian azure Trojan pledger
lesion immersion purging virgin
erosion diversion religion aging

Listen to the following pairs of words from your tape and repeat.
(note: some of the pairs are not minimal pairs, and will have more than one sound which is
dissimilar)
Asian aging version virgin

occasion Oh Cajun! lesion legion
elision religion immersion emerging
Persian purging measure major
erosion Trojan pleasure pledger
Exercise Three: Phrases with //

Listen to your tape. You will hear phrases of words that either contain the sound // or not.
As you listen to each phrase, circle yes if you hear // , and circle no if you do not.

Page 70 of 159
Part One
Listen to your tape. For each number below, you will hear three words. Two of the words
will be the same. Write a if you hear the first one as different, b if the second, or c if you
hear the third one as different.
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____
Part Two:
Listen for the missing words and write them in the spaces below.
5. He was an _____________ politician.
6. The ____________ of the story was unbelievable.
7. He received a great ____________ from the movie theatre.
8. He saw a movie called ______________.

Listen to the sentences and write them on the lines below .
1. _Roger____________________________________occasion.____
2. _______________Parisians_______________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. __Majors_____________________________________________
Page 71 of 159

1.
2.
3.
4. Is George_______________________________over?
5. Who saw…
Page 72 of 159
Unit Seven Tongue Twisters
Say these tongue twisters out loud to practice the sounds.
1. John saw an unusual collision while indulging in a rigid regime.

/dn s æn nyuyul kln wayl ndld n  rdzd riym/
2. George and Zsa Zsa urged on the Egyptian pigeons with derision.
/drd n  rdd n i iydpn pdnz w drn/
3. Casual clothes are provisional for leisurely trips across Asia.

/kæul kloz r provnl fr liyrli trps krs /
4. Pleasure is measured under Marjorie's rigid supervision.

/plr s mrd ndr mrdriyz rdd suprvn/
5. Angela's original diversion was encouraged by Jane and Jean.

/ændlz rdnl dayvrn wz nkrdd bay deyn n diyn/
6. Frazier envisioned a provision for his Parisian subdivisions.

/freyr nvnd  provn fr hz priyn sbdvnz/
7. Her version of the procedure verges on injury to the individual.

/hr vrn v  prosiydr vrdz n ndri tu  ndvdul/
8. Purging the Persian legions in the Eurasian regions was a diversion.

/prd  prn liydnz n i yreyn ridnz wz  dayvrn/
9. Jack is cagey on occasion, but is also an original visionary.

/dæk z keydi  okeyn, bt z lso n rdnl vnriy/
10. Imogene, George, and Roger are diverging fugitives.

/modin, drd, ænd rdr r dayvrd fyudtvz/
Page 73 of 159
Pair Distinction A
1. version virgin version ________________
2. pledger pledger pleasure ________________
3. legion lesion lesion ________________
4. occasion Oh Cajun! Oh Cajun! ________________
5. purging Pershing Pershing ________________
6. Pershing Pershing purging ________________
7. Oh Cajun occasion occasion ________________
8. legion legion lesion ________________
9. pledger pledger pleasure ________________
10. virgin version version ________________
Page 74 of 159
Pair Distinction B
1. Pershing Pershing purging ________________
2. virgin virgin version ________________
3. Oh Cajun! occasion Oh Cajun! ________________
4. legion lesion legion ________________
5. pleasure pleasure pledger ________________
6. purging Pershing purging ________________
7. version version virgin ________________
8. occasion Oh Cajun! Occasion ________________
9. lesion legion lesion ________________
10. pledger pleasure pledger ________________
Page 75 of 159
Unit Seven Pair Dictation A
Roger and Zsa Zsa are Persian refugees. They have a provisional visa to stay in Canada. The
procedure for getting a visa is occasionally verging on rigid supervision.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Page 76 of 159
Unit Seven Pair Dictation B
George and Angela had an unusual collision yesterday. They were taking a leisurely trip
across Asia when it happened. Their casual clothes were torn, but George and Angela were
not injured.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Page 77 of 159
Unit Seven: Information Gap Exercise A
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
a
pleasurable legendary
measure legions
A2 B2 C2 D2
an Asian A Cajun
agent region
A3 B3 C3 D3
lesion your Asian
procedure regions
A4 B4 C4 D4
rigid casual
supervision injury
Page 78 of 159
Unit Seven: Information Gap Exercise B
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
a
measurable legendary
pleasure lesions
A2 B2 C2 D2
proceeding Eurasian
legion legions
A3 B3 C3 D3
an aging
Asian casually
injured
A4 B4 C4 D4
a Cajun visionary
occasion individual
Page 79 of 159
UNIT 7 DIALOGUE
DIRECTIONS
have memorized it, perform it for your instructor and class.
SITUATION
Jean Jacobs meets the Prime Minister of Canada, Jean Chretien.
[F]: Hello, Mr. Prime Minister. It's a major pleasure to

meet you.
[M]: Bonjour, Ms. Jacobs. The pleasure is all mine.
[F]: Please call me Jean, Mr. Prime Minister.
[M]: Thank you, Jean. And please call me Jean.
[F]: Thank you very much, Jean.
[M]: Jean, I hear that you are studying in a French

Immersion program.
[F]: Yes, that's right, Jean. It's a rigid regime — six hours a day.
[M]: Six hours a day! That's a major block of time, Jean.
[F]: Yes, it is. But I'm very encouraged by the results.
[M]: Good for you, Jean! Well, Canada's an unusual country for its
Language immersion programs.
[F]: Thank Goodness for that!
[M]: Yes, and TGIF!
Page 80 of 159
Unit 8: /æ/ // pat pet /pæt/ /pt/
How to make the sound

To make /æ/, put your tongue low and pushed forward a little. Spread your lips slightly, and
keep your jaw open. For //, close your jaw while saying /æ/, and you will hear the change
to //.

ad than bet blend

ham man ten led
mass clam meddle net
ladder sandwich step dress
Sally Andy Dennis Fred

then than Brendan Brandon

bet bat Kent can't
met mat bread Brad
blend bland guess gas
end and led lad
Exercise Three: Phrases with /æ/ //.

Listen to your tape. You will hear phrases which either contain /æ/ //, or neither. For each
phrase, answer appropriately on the lines below by writing a, e, or ø.
1.____ 2.____ 3.____ 4.____
5.____ 6.____ 7.____ 8.____
Page 81 of 159
Part One
Circle the word which you hear.
1. The boys set/sat their bottoms down on the curb.
2. They bought a lot of gems/jams from the specialty shop.
3. All my friends saw me and left/laughed.
4. He was sending/sanding some furniture when I called.
Part Two: Listen for the missing words and write them on the lines below.
5. The sea captain's ________________ was big.
6. The Prime Minister was _________________ to be home.
7. The church service was a real _____________________.
8. The gymnast managed a __________________ at the Olympics.
Page 82 of 159
1. _____________________________________ad said._____
2. _________________________________________________
3. _____________________________lacks________________
4. _____________________________bland_______________
5._______________________________________batter._____


1. Was…
2. Has…
3. Have Fran's…
4. Haven't…
5.
Page 83 of 159
Unit 8 Tongue Twisters
Read each of the following sentences aloud, paying attention to the sounds from this lesson.
1. Lassie headed back to Peg and Allen for ten apples.

/læsiy hdd bæk tu p n æln fr tn æplz/
2. Hedley sadly said sending Sally a man was extra bad.

/hdliy sædliy sd snd sæliy  mæn wz kstr bæd/
3. Matt never had less capital than several checks ago.

/mæt nvr hæd ls kæptl æn svrl tks o/
4. Rather than settling Al and Ellie's debts, Fran just laughed and left.
/rær æn stl æl n liyz dts, fræn dst læft ænd lft/
5. Dennis and Kent can't dance because they're dense dancers.

/dns n knt kænt dæns bikz r dns dænsrz/
6. Dan's den is a sad shed back of Beck's badly built bed and breakfast.
/dænz dn z  sæd d bæk v bks bædliy blt bd ænd brkfst/
7. Clem's clams went up Betty's back and tampered with her temper.
/klmz klæmz wnt p btiz bæk ænd tæmprd w hr tmpr/
8. Ed's ad said track treks led lads into mass messes.

/dz æd sd træk trks ld lædz ntu mæs msz/
9. Ted tampered a tad in Brad's bread and jam.

/td tæmprd  tæd n brædz brd n dæm/
10. Stan stemmed his temper tantrum and lent Landry a bank check.
/stæn stmd hz tmpr tæntrm ænd lnt lændri  bk tk/
Page 84 of 159
UNIT 8: PAIRED DISTINCTION A
DIRECTIONS
1. then than then _______________
2. end end and _______________
3. set sat sat _______________
4. left laughed left _______________
5. guessed gassed gassed _______________
6. led led lad _______________
7. rap rep rep _______________
8. brad bread brad _______________
9. met mat mat _______________
10. ladder letter letter _______________
Page 85 of 159
UNIT 8: PAIRED DISTINCTION B
DIRECTIONS
1. ladder letter letter _______________
2. led led lad _______________
3. set sat sat _______________
4. brad bread brad _______________
5. left laughed left _______________
6. rap rep rep _______________
7. then than then _______________
8. end end and _______________
9. met mat mat _______________
10. guessed gassed gassed _______________
Page 86 of 159
Unit 8 Pair Dictation A
Directions: Work with a partner. Stand on the opposite side of the room from your partner.
Read, practice, and remember the first sentence from the dictation. Then, walk over to your
partner, and tell your partner the sentence. When your partner has written it correctly, go
back to this page, and read, practice and remember the next sentence. Finish the dictation in
this way.
Fat Pat
Pat was so fat that she made a bet with Lenny the vet. She bet him that she could get a fat
cat and a wet rat under her hat. Unfortunately, the fat cat was not Fat Pat's pet, and it sat on
the rat. The rat naturally ran away. Poor Fat Pat. She lost her bet.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Page 87 of 159
Unit Eight Pair Dictation B
Directions: Work with a partner. Stand on the opposite side of the room from your partner. Read, practice,
and remember the first sentence from the dictation. Then, walk over to your partner, and tell your partner
the sentence. When your partner has written it correctly, go back to this page, and read, practice and
remember the next sentence. Finish the dictation in this way.
Lenny the Vet
Lenny is a vet, and he met Fat Pat's wet rat. The rat had been sat upon by Pat's fat cat while
it was under Pat's hat. That rat was in bad shape. Lenny had to let that rat have a little nap.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Page 88 of 159
Unit Eight: Information Gap Exercise A
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
Brandon’s
ladder Brad’s jam
A2 B2 C2 D2
bread it’s rather
and jam sad
A3 B3 C3 D3
The guest end that
was gassed now
A4 B4 C4 D4
Wrap the Jen kept
present laughing
Page 89 of 159
Unit Eight: Information Gap Exercise B
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
Brendon’s
letter Brad’s gem
A2 B2 C2 D2
Matt
guessed it and that’s
was gas the end
A3 B3 C3 D3
My
pajamas whether
are it’s said
wrecked
A4 B4 C4 D4
The
president Jan kept
rapped refereeing
Page 90 of 159
UNIT 8: DIALOGUE
DIRECTIONS
SITUATION
Two friends give each other advice on their pets.
Terry: Allison, what can I do? My pet rabbit likes to nap on the
door mat.
Allison: Well, Terry, why does the rabbit like the mat?
Terry: I think it's because the rabbit has a habit of napping

in warm places.
Allison: That's easy. Place a plastic map there.
Terry: Good idea, Allison.
Allison: My problem, Terry, is with my dog, Lassie. He likes to

leave home.
Terry: That's really bad. He could have an accident.
Allison: I know! Last January, he ran away to Saskatchewan!
Terry: Saskatchewan?! That's where Ariadne lives. Give Lassie to her.
Allison: Excellent suggestion, Terry!
Page 91 of 159
Answer Key Unit 8
Exercise Three:
1. John and Susan heard the bell three times.
2. Sarah saw Theo ring it every time.
3. Did you know Sally can stop him?
4. She thinks the boy needs some restrictions.
5. I think that's a good idea.
6. I guess you've the same thoughts on the subject?
7. John spoke about having Theo see a doctor.
8. Not a bad idea, I replied to John.
Exercise Four:
1. The boys set/sat their bottoms down on the curb.
2. They bought a lot of gems/jams from the specialty shop.
3. All my friends saw me and left/laughed.
4. He was sending/sanding some furniture when I called.
5. The sea captain's catch/ketch was big.
6. The prime minister was sad/said to be home.
7. The church service was a real mess/mass.
8. The gymnast managed a tan/ten at the Olympics.

1. It's sad what Ed's ad said.
2. Kent can't dance because he's dense.
3. I guess the gas lacks lead.
4. Brad's bread was a bland brand.
5. But Betty's bet was on the batter.
Exercise Six: Questions for answers given

1. Was Brad's jam a gem? No, Brad's jam was not a gem. It was a wreck.
2. Has Matt met Dennis and Dan? Yes, Mat has met Dennis and Dan.
3. Have Fran's friends laughed or left? Neither. I don't think Fran's friends have laughed or
left yet.
4. Haven't you tanned for ten hours today? No, I haven't tanned for ten hours today.
5. Has Betty gone batty? Yes, Betty has gone batty.
Page 92 of 159
Unit Nine The Schwa //
The schwa is the most frequent vowel sound in English speech. It gives English a unique
sound and rhythm, as well as being a major factor to an English accent when Anglophones
speak other languages.
How to make the sound: make the schwa with your jaws slightly open, your lips relaxed,
and your tongue in the same position as when you wake up (everyone uses the schwa upon
wakening!). Schwa is nearly always short.
Where is it found?
1. // can usually be found in function words which are unstressed in the sentence:
a, am, an, and, are, as, at, but, can, do, for, had, has, have, her, him, his, if, in, is, it, its, of,
on, or, than, that, the, their, them, to was, will, with, you, your.
2. // can be found in prefixes and suffixes as well:

in-, suc-, to-, ad-, be-, un-, -ible, -able, -ish, -ment, etcetera.
3. //can be found in content words as well:

able, according, account, action, affair, afraid, ago, agree, allow, alone, along, amount, animal, arrive,
article, attempt, away, battle, beautiful, became, become, began, begin, believe, belong, broken, business,
captain, certain, certainly, character, children, college, command, common, company, complete, condition,
consider, contain, continue, control, decide, declare, degree, demand, desire, destroy, difference, different,
direct, direction, discover, distance, double, enemy, England, enough, even, experience, family, famous,
forest, garden, general, gentlemen, given, golden, happen, heaven, human, husband, hundred, idea,
important, Indian, industry, interest, island, kitchen, listen, little, market, material, method, million, minute,
moment, mountain, movement, nation, national, natural, necessary, notice, office, officer, often, open,
opinion, people, period, pleasant, position, possible, practice, prepare, probably, problem, promise, public,
purpose, question, reason, receive, regard, remain, remember, reply, report, require, result, return, season,
second, service, settle, seven, several, single, special, station, success sudden, suddenly, supply, suppose,
system, table, taken, thousand, today, together, tomorrow, travel, trouble, uncle, various, village, visit,
woman, women.
Page 93 of 159
Exercise One:
Find all the possible schwas in the following sentences. Then read them aloud.
1. It's five to two and we're late. 2. A table for four, please, around seven if possible.
3. She can type 60 words per minute. 4. George'll cut them into smaller pieces if you ask him.
5. Pass the spoons and forks, please. 6. I'm going to appeal this decision, you know.
7. The President said that that was his policy. 8. You could've informed me about it.
9. Do you have to work late this evening? 10. Good-bye, see you later.
11. I don't know, but we could ask them. 12. I thought it was really exciting.
13. Where are my leather gloves? 14. Marilyn is taller than Charlotte.
15. There were seven or eight of them present. 16. Pierre is famous everywhere he goes.
17. The officers expressed several opinions. 18. The train services many villages around here.
19. Can you remember the directions there? 20. There are a lot of mountains in British Columbia.
Exercise Two: Listen and Repeat

Repeat the phrases below. The underlined word will contain the schwa.
each and every cold as ice feel at ease
John had gone That would be wonderful. These are cheap.
three or four Wait for your brother. None have broken.
box of apples cup of tea we can stay
more than that Get some sleep. close to home
that was that There are some. ten to two.
Exercise Three: Same or Different

You will hear two sentences or phrases. If they are the same, write S in the space provided;
if they are different, write D.
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
Page 94 of 159
1. ______________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________
Part Five: Questions for Answers Given


(you record "How are you?" onto your tape BEFORE the answer.
1. Did you…
2. Did you…
3.
4. Is_______________________as cold as___________ ?
5.
Page 95 of 159
Unit 9 Dictation A
Read the following text to your partner. Repeat as many times as your partner needs. Then, write down what
your partner tells you. Ask your partner to repeat if necessary.
English from England

The English from England is different from English in Canada. The differences are in
grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. In grammar, the form of negation is sometimes
different. The British say, "We haven't got any". A big difference in pronunciation is the "R"
sound. The British "R" s a much softer sound than the Canadian "R" and the tongue lies
almost flat in the mouth. Finally, there are many words which are different. For example, the
British use the word "jumper" for the Canadian word "sweater", and "petrol" for "gas".
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Page 96 of 159
Unit 9 Dictation B
English from Canada
However, for the negative form, English Canadians say "We don't have any". Also,
Canadian English has a very different sound for "R". For Canadians, as you know, the
tongue must be curled toward the back of the palate. Last, there are hundreds of expressions
which are used in Britain but not in Canada, and vice-versa. For instance, Canadians say,
"Wake me up around 7", but the British say, "Knock me up around 7".
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Page 97 of 159
Unit Nine Answer Key
Exercise 3: Same or Different?
1. He can tell. He can't tell. D
2. That'd be great. That'd be great. S
3. He saw each and every time. He saw each one every time. D
4. It's four to two. It's four-two-two. D
5. It's two to four. It's two to four. S

1. He can tell.
2. He can't tell.
3. It's four to two.
4. It's 4-2-2.
5. He saw each and every time.
6. He saw each one every time.
1. Did you get some apples and oranges? Yes, I got some apples and oranges.
2. Did you think Sam would be late? No, I didn't think Sam would be late.
3. Can we do it? Yes, we can do it.
4. Is your drink as cold as ice? No, my drink isn't as cold as ice.
5. Is it ten to two? No, it's not ten to two.
Page 98 of 159
Unit Ten VOWEL+R
Exercises
Part One: Listen and repeat from left to right.
bar bare beer burr bore boor
par pear peer purr pour poor
far fare fear fur for
Part Two: Minimal Pairs

Listen to the three words. Two will be the same. One will be different. Write 1 if the first
one is different, write 2 if the second, and write 3 if the third one is different on the line
provided.
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
Part Three: Word Missing

Listen and write in the missing words.
1. Did he go to the _____________ mission?
2. Did he go to the _____________ mission?
3. He bought four ___________ at the fair.
4. He bought four ___________ at the fair.
5. Barb really didn't want see the ____________.
6. Barb really didn't want see the ____________.
7. Larry and Laura __________ their carvings last night.
8. Larry and Laura __________ their carvings last night.
9. The four girls waited for __________.
10. The four girls waited for __________.
Page 99 of 159
Part Four: Dictation: Listen to the sentences and write them on the lines below.
1. __________________________________weird________________
2. _________care__________________________________________
3._______________________________________________________
4._______________________________________horrifying.________
5. __Birds________________________________________________
Part Five: Questions for Answers Given


1. Did…
2. Were…
3.
4.
5. Were there…
Page 100 of 159

Unit Ten Tongue Twisters
Say the following sentences aloud, paying attention to the VOWEL+R sound.
1. Four fur-bearing bearded larks lurked near Larry.

/fr frbr birdd lrks lrkt nir lri/
2. Farther than further father feared.

/frr æn frr fr fird/
3. "Sure, lure poor Dirk further into girl problems."

/r, lur pur drk frr nt rl prblmz/
4. Laura's forty-four whirling dervishes had durable curves.

/lrz frti fr wrl drvz hæd drbl krvz/
5. Bored birds barred Barry from further harm.

/brd brdz brd bri frm frr hrm/
6. Poor weather assured Barb that her fears were perturbed.

/pur wr rd brb æt hr firz wr prtrbd/
7. Carl cursed as he cavorted after four beer.

/krl krst æz hi kævortd æftr fr bir/
8. Bears and beer, bears and bourbon, and bears and barley don't mix.
/brz n bir, brz n brbn, n brz n brli dont mks/
9. In fact, bears are usually barred from beer bars if they do drink.
/n fækt, brz r uli brd frm bir brz f  du drk/
10. Barry, Laura, Barbara, and Larry were burned for four hundred dollars at Dirk's dark and dank casino.
/bri, lr, barbr, n lri wr brnd fr fr hndrd dlrz æt drks
drk n dæk ksino/
Page 101 of 159

UNIT 10: VOWEL + R A
DIRECTIONS
1. bar burr burr _______________
2. fear fear far _______________
3. dear dare dear _______________
4. jar jar jaw _______________
5. lark lurk lark _______________
6. bare boor boor _______________
7. pear purr pear _______________
8. gargle gurgle gargle _______________
9. rear rear roar _______________
10. tar tear tear _______________
Page 102 of 159

UNIT 10: VOWEL + R B
DIRECTIONS
1. pear purr purr _______________
2. dear dare dare _______________
3. tear tear tar _______________
4. lurk lurk lark _______________
5. bar burr bar _______________
6. bare bare boor _______________
7. gurgle gurgle gargle _______________
8. jar jaw jar _______________
9. rear rear rare _______________
10. far fear far _______________
Page 103 of 159

Unit 10 Pair Dictation A
this way.
Hairy Harold
There was a guy named Harold who rarely arranged an appointment at the barber. Harold
also rarely used a razor. So Harold was really hairy. His dark hair covered his ears, his
throat, and his fingers. Hairy Harold dreamed of marrying Fair Laurie, the daughter of a
reckless car racer. Hairy Harold discovered, however, that Fair Laurie researched bear fur,
which Harold was allergic to.
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Page 104 of 159

Unit Ten Pair Dictation B
this way.
Fair Laurie
Laurie was a fair-skinned, freckled researcher of bear fur. Fair Laurie was not in favour of
marrying another fair person. She liked the dark-haired Harold. However, because Harold
was allergic to her area of research, bear fur, Laurie agreed to change her major from bear
fur to boar bristles. Laurie and Harold were married in early January, and returned to work
later in February.
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Page 105 of 159

Unit Ten: Information Gap Exercise A
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
Gerry’s jaw
Rarely is
father
further
A2 B2 C2 D2
Four
coloured Barney’s
birds side-burns
A3 B3 C3 D3
Bernie’s
berry farm Gerald
tore his
hair
A4 B4 C4 D4
Bars bar
bears Laurie was
looking
Page 106 of 159

Unit Ten: Information Gap Exercise B
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
Jerry’s jar Larry is
Laurie’s
father
A2 B2 C2 D2
Bernice’s Fern
barnyard fears fur
A3 B3 C3 D3
A partridge bare arms
in a pear are burned
tree
A4 B4 C4 D4
Harold
Larry was swore at
lurking his girl
Page 107 of 159

DIALOGUE
VOWEL WITH R
DIRECTIONS
SITUATION
Two friends are discussing the advantages and disadvantages of wine.
Rick: Charlotte, have you ever taken a tour of a local winery?
Charlotte: Yeah, several years ago I took the Kelowna Wines tour. Why?
Rick: I was just wondering. I've never taken a tour, but I'd like to try
something different this Thursday.
Charlotte: To tell you the truth, I prefer a beer at the bar. Beer's much
better.
Rick: Beer! You're crazy!
Charlotte: Crazy? Why? Beer's made from barley, you know.
Rick: So what. Wine's made from grapes.
Charlotte: That's true, but I always get a hangover from wine.
Rick: Really? Are you sure?
Charlotte: Sure I'm sure; especially red wine.
Rick: Well, have no fear! I'll try the tour anyway. One sip won't hurt.
Page 108 of 159

Unit Ten Answer Key
Part Two:
1. far for far
2. carve carve curve
3. pour poor pour
4. father farther farther
5. far fall far
Part three:
1. Did he go to the FATHER mission?
2. Did he go to the Farther mission?
3. He bought four BEERS at the fair.
4. He bought four BEARS at the fair.
5. Barb really didn't want to see the POOR.
6. Barb really didn't want to see the PORE.
7. Larry and Laura CARVED their carvings last night.
8. Larry and Laura CURVED their carvings last night.
9. The four girls waited for DARK.
10. The four girls waited for DIRK.
DICTATION
1. Those are certainly weird words.
2. Car care is very nearly necessary in today's world.
3. Barry buried his strawberries.
4. A burning barn is sort of horrifying.
5. Birds were turning over her fair hair.
Questions for answers given.

1. Did Carmen and Harry come to your party? Yes, Carmen and Harry came to my party.
2. Were George and Laura scared of the birds? No, George and Laura were not scared of the birds.
3. Does Barry like berries? No, he doesn't like berries, but Barry likes cherries.
4. Is your hair your favorite colour? Yes, my hair is my favorite colour.
5. Were there forty-four bears there? No, there weren't forty-four bears there, there were only thirty-three.
Page 109 of 159

Unit 11: [p] [f] (content by Seon-Jeong Ma)
pat fat
How to Make the Sounds
For [p], have your two lips touching, like in [b], except make it voiceless. For [f], put your
top teeth onto your bottom lip, and make a sound exactly like [v] except voiceless.

pat fat telephone

punish furnish periphery
apart afar photograph
couple TOEFL philosophy
pupil fulfill phosphor

Listen to the following word. Repeat them, being careful to make the distinction between the
two sounds.
pine fine supper suffer

peel feel copy coffee
open often pew few
pork fork cheap chief
depend defend cups cuffs
Exercise Three: Phrases with [f]

Listen to your tape. You will hear phrases of words that either contain the sound [f] or do
not. As you listen to each phrase circle yes if you hear [f], and circle no if you do not.

Page 110 of 159

Part One
1. He saw a pile/file of books on the desk.
2. The guard is keeping the pork/fork.
3. I'm trying not to pry/fry.
4. They wondered when they were going to supper/suffer.
5. The coffee/copy machine is broken again.
Part Two
6. We ____________ the orange.
7. You are ___________ me again.
8. His ______________ were stolen last night.
9. John did the _____________ thing at the conference.
10. The ____________ looks wonderful on the table.
Page 111 of 159

1. ____________________________________pew.______________
2. __Fiona_______________________________________________
3. ____________________________________from afar.__________
4. ______________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________cuffs._________

drill]record button.

1. Did Fred…
2. Was it…
3.
4.
5. Was Fiona's…
Page 112 of 159

1. The pool is full of fools.
[D´ pul Iz fUl ´v fulz]
2. Jeffery plans to pick up a leaf for his faithful wife.

[dZEfri plQnz tu pIk √p ´ lif fçr hIz fEiTf´l waif]
3. The professor professed that professional proficiency would be preferred.

[D´ pr´fEs´r profEst DQt profESń´l profISńsi wUd bi pr´f´rd]
4. Fine gifts are difficult to find.

[fain gIfs Ar dIf´k√lt tu faind]
5. They failed to fulfill their promises to perform a perfect play without faults.
[DEI fEIld tu fUlfIl DEr prçm´s´z tu p´rfçrm ´ p´rfEkt plEI wITAUt fAlts]
6. Phoebe laughed at an awful photograph of her nephew's falling off a fence.

[fiybiy lQft Qt ń afUl foWt´grQf √v h´r nEfjuz fAlIN Af ´ fEns]
7. Definitely that pessimistic philosophy inflicted a sophisticated philanthropist.

[dEfńItli DQt pEs´mIstIk fIlAs´fi InflIkt´d ´ soWfIstIkEIt´d fIlQnTr´pIst]
8. The fancy-pants lapped, laughed, lept, and left.

[D´ fQnsi pQnts lQpt, lQft, lEpt, ńd lEft]
9. Firefighters are fighting painfully against forest fires.

[faI´rfaIt´rz Ar faItIN pEInf´li ´gEInst fçr´st faI´rz]
10. Sophie sipped coffee and sifted files to find phenomenal facts.
[soWfi sIpt kAfi ńd sIft´d faIlz tu faInd fEnamń´l fQks]
Page 113 of 159

Unit Eleven
1. pine fine pine ______________________
2. suffer supper supper ______________________
3. pork fork fork ______________________
4. cups cuffs cups ______________________
5. defend defend depend ______________________
6. cheap chief cheap ______________________
7. feel feel peel ______________________
8. option often option ______________________
9. few pew pew ______________________
10. copy copy coffee ______________________
Page 114 of 159

Unit Eleven
1. pine fine pine ______________________
2. supper suffer supper ______________________
3. fork fork pork ______________________
4. cups cups cuffs ______________________
5. defend depend defend ______________________
6. chief cheap cheap ______________________
7. feel peel feel ______________________
8. often option option ______________________
9. pew pew few ______________________
10. coffee copy coffee ______________________
Page 115 of 159

A
Unit Eleven Pair Dictation
Fredrick and Jennifer
Fredrick and Jennifer had fun when they went flying-fish fishing. As they saw flying fish
frolicking in the frigid water, they clapped and laughed. Although Fredrick felt frustrated
about not catching fine flying fish for his wife, they had a wonderful and fantastic time.
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Page 116 of 159

Unit Eleven Pair Dictation B
Fiona on Friday
Last Friday, Fiona felt like going to a poppy field for a change of pace. The wind felt
wonderful on her face, and birds flew by, fluffing their feathers. She felt like she was
floating out on a blanket of soft clouds, but she was soon pelted by hailstones and her
frolicking ended.
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Page 117 of 159

Unit Eleven: Information Gap Exercise A
In this exercise, sit opposite your partner. Your partner will ask you which word or phrase
goes into the empty boxes. You will pronounce the word in your box, and your partner will
write down what you said. Then you ask your partner to pronounce the words in your
missing boxes.
Possible questions:
"Can you tell me the words which are in D-2?"

A1 B1 C1 D1
the fork’s in the

pork Phoebe fibbed
A2 B2 C2 D2
pine has a fine

copy the TOEFL feel
A3 B3 C3 D3
few men are Do cups have

chiefs cuffs?
A4 B4 C4 D4
defend the the door’s often

dependence open
Page 118 of 159

Unit Eleven: Information Gap Exercise B
write down what you said. Then you ask your partner to pronounce the words in your
missing boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
the pork has a Fibbing Phoebe

fork
A2 B2 C2 D2
few pews are coffee and

cheap TOEFL
A3 B3 C3 D3
depends on the pine is fine

defence peeled
A4 B4 C4 D4
do cuffs have the door’s open

cups? often
Page 119 of 159

Unit Eleven: Dialogue
it in front of your class.
Frank: Have you heard about Fred, Fran?
Fran: No, what happened to him? Was he fired?
Frank: Far from it. Fred's been promoted to chief of staff.
Fran: What's the problem with that, Frank?
Frank: Well, he's far from being the right person for the position. He must have
pulled a few strings.
Fran: You are always finding fault with Fred. Did you realize that, Frank?
Frank: Give me a break. No one is fairer and friendlier than me, good ol' Frankie.
Fran: Fat chance that's a fact, Frank!
Page 120 of 159

Unit Twelve
/ æ   a / tummy Tammy Tommy Betty tatami*
*Japanese word meaning 'mat'
In Unit Eight we looked at the differences between æ and  (bat/bet). In this Unit, we will review and
practice those sounds as well as contrasting them with three others: /  a/. The first of these two are
common English sounds found in words such as but and caught (some English dialects will distinguish
the difference between caught and cot; this workbook does not). The third one, /a/, is usually found in
borrowed words from other languages such as Paris (/pari/) and Japanese words like sake (rice wine
/sake/) (English does have /a/, but it is found in the diphthong /ay/ or /a/ ). North American native-
English speakers will often substitute other vowels for /a/. For example, the Japanese city of
Yokohama might be pronounced /yokohæm/; sayonara (Japanese for 'goodbye') /sayonr/;
and Paris /priy/.
Most languages have the /a/ vowel, and often a non-native speaker of English will substitute it for /æ/.
So, an English learner might say the word batter as /batr/, but a native speaker /bætr/. This
difference usually doesn't cause any problems in comprehension for the listener unless there is a
confusion with another word such as butter /btr/. In other words, a learner should realize that there
might be some confusion between words such as bat, but, and bought if care is not taken. In the vowel
chart below, the proximity of these vowels can be seen:
The Vowels Front Central Back

(unrounded) (unrounded) (rounded)
of English
iy beat u boot
high tense
 bit  book
lax
y bait  the o boat

mid tense
 bet  but  bouht

lax
æ bat a sake  pot

low
(Japanese rice wine)
Page 121 of 159

Exercise One: Gliding and Tongue Position
After studying the Vowel Chart above, try saying the following pairs of vowels. Try to
feel your tongue position and if your mouth and lips move as you glide between the two
sounds.
1. iy æ 2. u  3. iy u 4. æ 
To make //, curve your tongue half way up to the centre, with your jaws open. Your
lips should be in a relaxed position. To make //, your tongue should be lower than with
//, and flatter. Be careful not to put your tongue too far forward in your mouth. // is
shorter than //. To make /æ/, put your tongue low and pushed forward a little. Spread
your lips slightly, and keep your jaw open. For //, close your jaw while saying /æ/, and
you will hear the change to //. Try to avoid using /a/ for the following exercises.
Exercise Two: Individual words for contrast

Listen to the words below and repeat them, making sure to distinguish between the
sounds. Read from left to right
1. mutt mat Mott met

2. nut gnat not net
3. udder adder odder Ed
4. buck back balk beck
5. cut cat caught kettle
6. dud dad Dodd dead
7. fun fan fawn fender
8. pun pan pawn pen
Exercise Three: Minimal Pairs

Listen to the words below and repeat them, making sure to distinguish between the two
sounds.
1. putt pat 2. pat pot 3. pot pet

4. suck sack 5. sack sock 6. sock secretary
7. wreck ruck 8. rock rack 9. wreck rack
Page 122 of 159

Exercise Four: Listening—Minimal Pair Distinction
Part One
Listen to the sentences below. Only one of the italicized words will be spoken. Circle the
one word which you hear.
1. The team already had a pecking/packing order.
2. The group was wandering/wondering about the forest.
3. The rest/rust of the car was too much for Fred to work on.
4. The cowboy's horse was backing/bucking in the stall.
5. Jan had a knock/knack for getting good grades.
Part Two
6. After the rain the canoeists saw _______________ .
7. Janet put the remainder of the chocolate kisses in the __________.
8. Jenny's son was _______________ in the playground after dark.

9. Fran's _______________ needed exercise.
10. Melanie's shade was provided by a _______________ .
Page 123 of 159

1. ___Janet______________________________________________
2. ______wondered________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________offer._____
4. _______________fronds_________________________________
5. _________puttered about,________________________________

In this section, you will hear 5 answers. You will not hear the questions. Listen carefully
to the answer, and then record the question in the space provided on your tape by using
your drill/record button.

1. Was Ed's…
2. Is _________________________________ wrecked?
3.
4. Did Dawn…
5. Were ______________________ cuddled?
Page 124 of 159

1. Fran's funny friends provided tropical palm fronds at minimal cost.
2. Hudd uttered another word about the other otters.
3. Hockey pucks pack a punch when shot at the body.

/hkiy pks pæk  pnt wn t æt  bdiy/
4. My buddy's body was odd but added bulk to the ruck.

/ma bdiz bdiy wz d bt ædd blk tu  rk/
5. Wreck Rick's ruck wrongly and Ed will knock your socks off.
/rk rks rk rliy ænd d wl nk yr sks f/
6. An appalling second putter was rusted badly.

/æn pl sknd ptr wz rstd bædliy/
7. It's odd adding other uttering authors.

/ts d æd r tr rz/
8. The rotten rats rocked the rest of the rusting wrecks.

/ rtn ræts rkt  rst v  rst rks/
9. Stop meddling lest Lonnie get sacked again.

/stp mdl lst lniy t sækt n/
10. Rodney wondered when the wandering minstrels would return.

/rdniy wndrd wn  wndr mnstrlz wd ritrn/
Page 125 of 159

UNIT 12: / æ   a /
A
DIRECTIONS
Work with a partner. First, repeat the words below. Your partner will write down the
word which sounds different. Then, your partner will read his/her words. Write down
the word which sounds different.
1. rut rot rot _______________
2. puck pack puck _______________
3. buddy body body _______________
4. sod sod sad _______________
5. putt pet pet _______________
6. utter otter otter _______________
7. rack rack ruck _______________
8. dad dud dad _______________
9. rob rob rub _______________
10. grub grab grub _______________
Page 126 of 159

UNIT 12: / æ   a /
B
DIRECTIONS
Work with a partner. First, repeat the words below. Your partner will write down the
word which sounds different. Then, your partner will read his/her words. Write down
the word which sounds different.
1. rot rut rot _______________
2. pack pack puck _______________
3. buddy buddy body _______________
4. sad sod sad _______________
5. pet pet putt _______________
6. otter utter utter _______________
7. ruck rack ruck _______________
8. dad dad dud _______________
9. rub rob rub _______________
10. grab grub grab _______________
Page 127 of 159

A
Unit Twelve Pair Dictation
Read the following text to your partner. Repeat as many times as your partner needs.
Then, write down what your partner tells you. Ask your partner to repeat if necessary.
Jan and Jen
Janet and Jennifer are best buddies, and they go by the names of Jan and Jen. One
summer day, Jan said to Jen that John, her brother, was bothering her. Jen told her to get
back at him, but Jan wanted to be more subtle. "Maybe I can cut the kettle cord", she
muttered. "Don't get caught", Jen said.
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Page 128 of 159

B
Unit Twelve Pair Dictation
Read the following text to your partner. Repeat as many times as your partner needs.
Then, write down what your partner tells you. Ask your partner to repeat if necessary.
Walt's Welt
Walter was wandering through the woods one day when he felt something on his neck. It
was not a gnat but another insect, or so he thought. He sat down on the wrecked trunk of
a rotten tree and rubbed his knuckle on an odd lump. He muttered, "That's bad, but I must
not pick it." And then he hustled back to camp.
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Page 129 of 159

Unit Twelve: Information Gap Exercise A
In this exercise, sit opposite your partner. Your partner will ask you which word or
phrase goes into the empty boxes. You will pronounce the word in your box, and your
partner will write down what you said. Then you ask your partner to pronounce the words
in your missing boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
subtle cuts
a pocked bucket
A2 B2 C2 D2
a pet mutt wreck my ruck
A3 B3 C3 D3
my buddy’s a sad otter

body
A4 B4 C4 D4
a hick heckler an uttered offer
Page 130 of 159

Unit Twelve: Information Gap Exercise B
In this exercise, sit opposite your partner. Your partner will ask you which word or
phrase goes into the empty boxes. You will pronounce the word in your box, and your
partner will write down what you said. Then you ask your partner to pronounce the words
in your missing boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
cuddling cats ruck my wreck
A2 B2 C2 D2
a better putter pucker up often
A3 B3 C3 D3
my body’s a solid offer

buddy
A4 B4 C4 D4
an honest an offered
huckster utterance
Page 131 of 159

Unit Twelve: Dialogue
With a partner, practice the conversation below until you have memorized it. Then,
perform it in front of your class.
(Rob or Roberta is telling Janet or John about his/her cousin Pat)
Rob/Roberta: Heh, have you met my cousin Pat?
Janet/John: No. Is Pat a 'he' or a 'she'?
Rob/Roberta: Patrick… it's a 'he'.
Janet/John: Oh. No, I haven't met Pat. Is he as nuts1 as you?
Rob/Roberta: On the contrary. He's just subtly insane2.
Janet/John: What do you mean by that?
Rob/Roberta: Well, he utters nonsense and has a knack for odd jokes3.
Janet/John: I'll be wary, then. When will I meet him?
Rob/Roberta: Wednesday at the earliest. He's wandering around London now.
Janet/John: Well, I just can't wait to have someone like you here to bug4 me.
1. nuts— crazy
2. subtly insane— not noticeably crazy, but he is
3. knack for odd jokes— is pretty good at telling and playing strange jokes
4. bug— bother
Page 132 of 159

Unit 12 Answer Key
Exercise Four: Listening—Minimal Pair Distinction
Part One
1. The team already had a pecking/packing order.
2. The group was wandering/wondering about the forest.
3. The rest/rust of the car was too much for Fred to work on.
4. The cowboy's horse was backing/bucking in the stall.
5. Jan had a knock/knack for getting good grades.
Part Two
6. After the rain the canoeists saw ____puddles__ .
7. Janet put the remainder of the chocolate kisses in the ____cap___.
8. Jenny's son was ___caught___ in the playground after dark.
9. Fran's ___buddy_____ needed exercise.
10. Melanie's shade was provided by a ___frond__ .

1. Janet bet John but lost at the end.
2. Ed wondered whether wandering next summer was wise.
3. One day I want what others offer.
4. Fran's friends' fronds kept them in the shade.
5. Bob puttered about muttering about nothing.
Exercise Six: Questions for answers given

1. Was Ed's pet mutt a bit nuts? Yes, Ed's pet mutt was a bit nuts.
2. Is the front of the frond wrecked? No, the front of the frond is not wrecked.
3. Is Rob's cousin Bob's uncle? No Rob's cousin is not Bob's uncle.
4. Did Dawn and Tom knock their knuckles? Yes, Dawn and Tom knocked their
knuckles.
5. Were all the cattle cuddled? No, all the cattle were not cuddled.
Page 133 of 159

Unit Thirteen: /h h f/
hail whale fail /hl/ /hl/ /fl/
Introduction
We have already studied /w/ in Unit 6 and /f/ in Unit 11. In some dialects of English, there
is no distinction between /w/ and /h/. That is to say, both are pronounced as the voiced /w/,
not the voiceless /h/. For example, many Canadian-English speakers don't make a
difference between wail and whale. For purposes of contrast, we will use /h/ in this Unit to
compare it to /f/ and /h/. Try Exercise One below to practice the difference between /w/
and /h/, and remember that many English speakers don't distinguish between these two
sounds.
To make the /h/ sound, breathe out and let your lips and tongue assume the position of the
vowel which will follow in the word. Try these words to feel the different position allowed
for /h/: heat hat hoot hot
In fact, /h/ is often known as a voiceless vowel: you don't vibrate your vocal cords, but you
do make an aspirated sound in the back of your throat. It is the same sound which is made
when a person is cleaning glass and 'blows' warm air onto it.
To make the /h/ sound, just make a short /h/ and then go immediately into a /w/ .
Exercise One: Word Pairs for /w/ and /h/

Listen to the following words and repeat, making sure to make the distinction between the
two sounds.
way-whey wet-whet
wear-where wield-wheeled
weather-whether wile-while
we'll-wheel witch-which
Page 134 of 159

Exercise Two: Word Repetition
Listen to the following words and repeat (from top to bottom).
hew few whale

who phoo wheat
hunk funk whine
hall fall whether
hoe foe whacked
her fur whirl
Exercise Three: Minimal Pairs

Listen to the word pairs below and repeat them, making sure to make the distinction between
the two sounds.
hew few whale fail hail whale
who'll fool wheat feet heat wheat
home phone whirred furred heard whirred
hire fire white fight height white
horse force whacked fact hacked whacked

Part One
You will hear the sentences below, but only one of the italicized words will be spoken. Circle the one word
which you hear.
1. Wayne wanted lots of feet/heat/wheat in his field this year.
2. The wonderful restaurant made Fitch fine/whine/wine.
3. The high-fashion designer had a great fit/hit/wit.
4. Driving the racing car was unpleasant, as it had a bad feel/wheel/heel.
5. The whale/wail/hail/fail could be heard everywhere.
Page 135 of 159

Part Two
6. That man was __________ when I saw him.
7. That machine is a __________ tractor.
8. Who'd seen the __________ ?
9. Walter observed a __________ of activity.
10. Sorry about the __________ , folks.

1. __Frank's_______________________________whine.____
2. _Phil's__________________________________afar._____
3. __________________________________Falk's_________
4. __Fitch's_________________________________________
5. _______________________________________hurl______
Page 136 of 159

1. Who__________________________________ ?
2. Do ________________________________ and whicker?
3. Has the feud _____________________________________ ?
4. ______________________________ whey?
5. Did you ________________________________________?
Page 137 of 159

Unit Thirteen Tongue Twisters
Say these tongue twisters out loud to practice the sound.
1. A huge success haunted Herman's four horses.

/æ hjud skss hntd hrmnz fr hrsz/
2. Frank Hughes was in this year's huge 'Who's Who'.

/fræk hjuz wz n s jirz hjud huz hu/
3. Hume hued a few failing ferns while whistling.

/hjum hujd  fju fl frnz hl hsl/
4. Horses whinny, and owls hoot, but what about whales?

/hrsz hni, ænd lz hut, bt ht bt wlz/
5. The house fire at Walt Whitman's estate fortunately fizzled out.

/ hs far æt walt htmnz stt frtuntli fzld ut/
6. Whitey Ford's famous horse-hide baseball fetched a fair price.

/hati frdz fms hrshad bsbal ftt  fr pras/
7. Who'll feud with fools full of faults?

/hul fjud w fulz fl v flts/
8. I heard that heating wheat would whisk off the husks.

/a hrd æt hit hit wd hsk t f  hsks/
9. Fido hides his food before Hank can whisk it away.

/fado hadz hz fud bifr hæk kæn hsk t w/
10. Fill in the forms while I halt the unfurling of the flag.
/fl n  frmz hhal a hlt  nfrl v  flæ/
Page 138 of 159

Unit Thirteen: /h h f w/ A
DIRECTIONS
1. whale fail fail _______________
2. weather weather whether _______________
3. weather feather weather _______________
4. hot fought fought _______________
5. wheel feel wheel _______________
6. furled whirled whirled _______________
7. heat heat wheat _______________
8. fool who'll who'll _______________
9. high why high _______________
10. force force horse _______________
Page 139 of 159

Unit Thirteen: /h h f w/ B
DIRECTIONS
1. fail whale fail _______________
2. whether whether weather _______________
3. feather weather feather _______________
4. fought hot hot _______________
5. wheel wheel feel _______________
6. whirled furled whirled _______________
7. heat wheat heat _______________
8. who'll fool fool _______________
9. why high why _______________
10. horse horse force _______________
Page 140 of 159

A
Unit Thirteen Pair Dictation
Phyllis and Phoebe
Phyllis and Phoebe forged a wonderful friendship while fifth-wheeling from Wisconsin to
Washington State. Their passion for humor was huge, and Phoebe often whiled away the time
playing hoaxes on Phyllis, who had, however, the wherewithal to foil most of Phoebe's
foolish whims.
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Page 141 of 159

B
Unit Thirteen Pair Dictation
Wharton and Whitcomb
Wharton and Whitcomb is famous for its fashions. In fact, the store whipped up so much
business in February that its stock rose forty-four cents a share. One problem, however, is
that Mr. Wharton whines a lot about Mr. Whitcomb's wheezing, and Whitcomb thinks that a
fifty-fifty split in the profits is unfair.
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Page 142 of 159

Unit Thirteen: Information Gap Exercise A
write down what you said. Then you ask your partner to pronounce the words in your missing
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
what a hoot!
who’s a fool?
A2 B2 C2 D2
a haunted hill
a huge white
horse
A3 B3 C3 D3
it’s Harry’s fault a huge feud
A4 B4 C4 D4
a hole that’s a whistling

whole heron
Page 143 of 159

Unit Thirteen: Information Gap Exercise B
write down what you said. Then you ask your partner to pronounce the words in your missing
boxes.
Possible questions:

A1 B1 C1 D1
watch your foot! who is foolish?
A2 B2 C2 D2
a fugitive’s a flaunted fill

height
A3 B3 C3 D3
the ferry’s a feud that’s

haulted huge
A4 B4 C4 D4
a whole hole a hustling

werewolf
Page 144 of 159

Unit Thirteen: Dialogue
With a partner, practice the conversation below until you have memorized it. Then, perform it
in front of your class.
(Hearst is telling Wheeler about his final exam experience)
Wheeler: Heh, Hearst! Have you finished your finals1?
Hearst: Hi, Wheeler. No, not yet. My French exam was halted2 because of a fire alarm.
Wheeler: Wow! Was it a false alarm, Hearst?
Hearst: Fortunately, it was. Someone was playing a hoax3, but it wasn't funny, at least
for me.
Wheeler: Wicked4! Have they found whose hoax it was?
Hearst: Not yet, though I have a hunch5 it was a huge success for some6.
1. Final examinations at university or college

2. stopped
3. a joke or prank
4. a popular saying for young people, meaning 'Wow!' or 'Amazing!'
5. a guess or opinion
6. Many of the students who took the French exam were happy because they could have more study time
before the rescheduled exam
Page 145 of 159

Unit 13 Answer Key
Part One
1. Wayne wanted lots of feet/heat/wheat in his field this year.
2. The wonderful restaurant made Fitch fine/whine/wine.
3. The high-fashion designer had a great fit/hit/wit.
4. Driving the racing car was unpleasant, as it had a bad feel/wheel/heel.
5. The whale/wail/hail/fail could be heard everywhere.
Part Two
6. That man was wailing when I saw him.
7. That machine is a field tractor.
8. Who'd seen the food?
9. Walter observed a flury of activity.
10. Sorry about the hoax, folks.

1. Frank's fees for the wheat made Hank whine.
2. Phil's whale hailed from afar.
3. Whether the feathers are few is Falk's fault.
4. Fitch's fist made a full left hook.
5. Honey is funny for those who'd hurl it.

1. Who heard about the Halloween hoax? I did, and I think Henry heard about the Halloween
hoax, too.
2. Do horses whinny and whicker? Yes, horses whinny and whicker.
3. Has the feud been fueled by financial woes? No, the feud hasn't been fueled by financial
woes.
4. Can Fred White whisk whey? No, Fred White can't whisk whey, but I can.
5. Did you hear the foal whinny? No, I didn't hear the foal whinny.
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Unit One: /T/

think bathroom teeth /TINk/ /bQTrum/ /tiT/

How to Make the Sound

Exercise One: Word Repetition

Exercise Two: Minimal Pairs

three free thin sin

Exercise Three: Phrases with /T/

1. Geoffrey saw the pass/path and took it.

2. Thora and Thelma read all about the trees/threes.

3. After the rain, his booths/boots were covered with mud.

4. All the students saw the free/three men and applauded.

5. The new manager really liked his new theme/team.

6. That man was when I saw him.

7. Paula and John were by the Halloween costumes.

8. The little girl had a big ___________.

10. The baseball player had a hot .

Exercise Six: Questions for Answers Given

Example: ______________________? I'm fine, thanks.

1. Thor is the god of Thunder.

2. Thelma and Theo have bad breath.

3. Three free thrilling frills fought on Ruth's roof.

4. Thieves are thankless thugs who deserve our wrath.

5. Nothing is worth thousands of deaths.

6. Mr. Smith's teeth are thin and lethal.

7. Thursdays are thirsty days for lethargic Ruth and Thelma.

8. It seems themes are sought by thousands of mythical misses.

1. think sink sink 1. ____________________ (1, 2, or 3)

2. fought fought thought 2. ____________________

3. boat both boat 3. _____________________

4. broth broth brought 4. _____________________

5. sin thin thin 5. _____________________

6. moth moth moss 6. _____________________

7. Thor sore sore 7. ______________________

8. pass pass path 8. ______________________

9. three free three 9. ______________________

10. frilled frilled thrilled 10. ______________________

1. thin sin sin 1. ____________________ (1, 2, or 3)

2. frilled thrilled thrilled 2. ____________________

3. boat both both 3. _____________________

4. path path pass 4. _____________________

5. thin thin sin 5. _____________________

6. moss moth moss 6. _____________________

7. free three three 7. ______________________

8. sink sink think 8. ______________________

9. brought broth brought 9. ______________________

10. sore Thor sore 10. ______________________

Beth and Faithful

"Can you tell me the word which is in D-2?"

"Can you tell me the word which is in D-2?"

__________: Hello __________ how are you?

__________: Fine, thanks. And how are you, __________?

my teeth are unhealthy.

__________: You should see a dentist. I'm thinking of going on Thursday. Do

you want to come with me, __________?

__________: I hope so too, __________.

How to make the sound

Exercise One: Word Repetition

than although sheathe

Exercise Two: Minimal Pairs

: Hello how are you?

: Fine, thanks. And how are you, ?

: I hope so too, .

: Heh,! How is it going?

: Good, . And you?