Cyril Potter College of Education

Physical education and sport

Name: peaches semple

Assignment name: measurement, volume, area and perimeter.

Year: one (1)

Semester: one (1)

Name of lecturer: Keya Mackenzie
Question one (1)

Choose appropriate units of measurement for length, area volume, capacity and mass, recognizing that
some units of measurement are better suited for some tasks than others, for example, km rather than m
to measure the distance between two towns.

Weight

How heavy is a shotput?

Length

What is the distance from the wicket to the sightscreen at providence?

Volume
What’s the volume of a tennis ball?

Capacity
How much air does a basketball hold?
Question # 2

Converts between common metric units of length, mass and capacity (identifying an using the
correct operations when converting units including millimeters, centimeters, meters kilometers,
milligrams, grams, kilograms, tones milliliters, liters kiloliters and megameters.
What is the area of a city block in Manhattan?
Ans: 21920m2 = 219200000cm2=2192000000mm2.

What is the volume of a cricket ball?

Ans: 180cm3
Conversions: 180cm3 = 180000mm3.

What is the length of cricket pitch from one stump to the other?
Ans: 20.12m
Conversion 20.12m = 2012cm = 20120mm.
How much does a men’s shotput weigh?
Ans: 7.26kg
Conversion 7.26kg = 726kg = 7260000mg.

What is the capacity in liters of a 160z bottle?

Ans: 0.473L = 473ml.

Question # 3
Connects volume and capacity and their units of measurement of the keg shown in the picture.
The capacity = 2n3.5
109.96% 35
= 3.14171429
N x 3.5^2x40
= 1, 539.3804

The volume = n r2 h
109.96 % 35
= 3.14171429
N x 3.5^2 x 40
= 1,539.3804
N x 5^2 x 50
= 3,926.99082

Question # 4
Uses graduated scaled instruments to measure and compare lengths, masses, capacities and
temperatures.
Length – ruler- cm, mm and m

Mass - a scale – kilograms and grams

Capacity – spoons – liters and milliliters

Temperature – thermometer – Celsius

Question # 5
Calculates the perimeter and area of rectangles using familiar metric units.
Explore efficient ways of calculating perimeters by adding the length and width together and
doubling the result.

The perimeter is the distance around the outside of a two-dimensional geometric shape.
The formula P= 2L + 2w
Example: The perimeter of a rectangle is 128 centimeters and the length is 47 centimeters. Find
the width of the rectangle.
P = 2L + 2w
128 = 2(47) + 2w
128 = 94 + 2w
128 – 94 = 94 – 94 + 2w
34/2 = 2w/2
W = 17
Ans: the width of the rectangle is 17 cm.

Area of Rectangles.
Area = A x B
Finding the area of a rectangle whose length is 12cm and breadth 9cm.
Length of the rectangle = 12cm
Breadth of the rectangle = 9cm
Area of the rectangle = A x B
=LxB
= 12 x 9cm2
A = 108cm2
Ans: the area of the rectangle is = 108cm2

Question # 6
Establish the formula for area of rectangles, triangles, and parallelograms and uses these in
problem solving.

The area of a rectangle = A = L x w

Problem: the length and width of a rectangular farm are 80 yards and 60 yards.
Find the area of the farm
A=Lxw
A = 80 x 60
A = 4800 square yards
The area of the farm is 4800 square yards.

Area for triangle

Formula for area of a triangle = ½ x b x h
Find the area of a triangle whose altitude and base are 12cm and 7cm, respectively.
Solutions:
Base of triangle = 7cm
Height of triangle = 12cm
Area of triangle = ½ x base x height
= ½ x 7 x 12 = 42cm2
Therefore, the area of a triangle is 42cm2

Question # 7
Area of parallelogram
Formula for Area of parallelogram = b x h square units
Problem:
Janaki has a piece of fabric in the shape of a parallelogram its height is 12m and its base is 18m
she cuts the fabric into four equal parallelograms by cutting the parallel sided through its mid-
points.
Find the area of each new parallelogram.
Base of a parallelogram (b) = 18m
Height of a parallelogram (h) = 12m
Area of parallelogram = b x h sq units
= 18m x 12m
= 216m2
Since she cuts the fabric into four equal parallelograms
= 216 / 4
= 54m2
So, the area of each new parallelogram = 54m2

Question # 8
Establish the sine, cosine and area rules for any triangle and solve related problems.
The sine rule for the area of a triangle is = ½ ab sine, where (a) and (b) are two sides of triangle
and (c) is the angle in between them.
Find the area of a triangle with side length 5cm and 4cm with enclosed angle of 300
A=5
B=4
C = 300
Area = ½ ab sin c becomes
Area = ½ x 5 x 4 x sin 30
½ x 5 x 4 x sin 30 = 5
Therefore, the area of the triangle is 5cm2

The cosine rule

The cosine rule says that the square of the length of the sides of a triangle with any of its angles
being a cosine angle.
The formula to find the area of a triangle (√ (s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c)))

A triangle PQR has sides 4 cm, 13 cm and 15 cm. Find the area of the triangle.

Semi perimeter of triangle PQR, s = (4 + 13 + 15)/2 = 32/2 = 16

By heron’s formula, we know;
A = √ [s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c)]

Hence, A = √ [16(16 – 4) (16 – 13) (16 – 15)]

= √ (16 × 12 × 3 × 1)

= √ 576 = 24 sq.cm

Therefore, the area of the triangle is 24 sq. com

Area rule for any triangle

The area of a triangle is defined as the total region that is enclosed by the three sides of any
particular triangle. Basically, it is equal to half of the base times height.

The formula for area of a triangle is A = 1/2 × b × h.

Find the area of an obtuse-angled triangle with a base of 4 cm and a height 7 cm.

A = (½) × b × h sq. units

A = (½) × (4 cm) × (7 cm)

A = (½) × (28 cm2)

A = 14 cm2

Therefore, the area of the obtuse- angled triangle is A = 14cm2

Question # 9
Find the perimeters and areas of parallelograms, trapeziums, rhombus and kites.
The perimeter of a parallelogram
Formula for the perimeter of a parallelogram.
= 2a + 2b
= 2 ( a + b ) units
Example
Find the perimeter of a parallelogram with the base and side length are 9ft and 3ft.
P of a p = 2 (a + b)
= 2 (9 + 3)
= 2 (12)
= 24cm
Therefore, the perimeter of the parallelogram is = 24cm.

Area of a parallelogram
Formula for area of a parallelogram
Area = base x height (square unit).
What is the area of parallelogram whose base = 5.4cm and height = 6.1 cm.
Base = 5.4 cm
Height = 6.1 cm
A=bxh
A = 5.4 x 6.1cm
A = 32.94cm2
Therefore, the area of the parallelogram is 32.94cm2

Perimeter of a trapezium
Formula = a + b + c + d
Find the perimeter of a trapezium with sides 4cm, 6cm, 7cm and 9cm.
a = 4cm, b = 6cm, c = 7cm and d = 9cm
p=a+b+c+d
p=4+6+7+9
= 26cm
Thus, the perimeter of the trapezium is 26cm.

Area of a trapezium
Formula = Area (½) x (a + c) x h
Find the area of a trapezium whose length of parallel sides are 4cm and 6cm respectively and
height is 3 cm. Find the area of a trapezium.
length of parallel sides of trapezium;

a = 4cm

b = 6cm

Height of trapezium, h = 3cm

Therefore,

area of trapezium = 1/2 (a + b) x h

= 1/2 (4 + 6) x 3

= 15 sq cm.

Therefore, the area of the trapezium is 15 sq cm.

Perimeter of rhombus
Formula for perimeter of rhombus.

P = 4a

Find the perimeter of a rhombus having a side length of 6 centimeter.

P = 4a

P=4x6
P = 24 cm

Therefore, the perimeter of the rhombus having a ide length of 6 centimeters is 24 centimeters.

Area of Rhombus
The area of rhombus = base x height
= (b x h) sq units.

Calculate the area of a rhombus if its base is 10cm and height is 7cm.
Base, b = 10cm
Height, h = 7cm

Area = b x h

= 10 x 7cm2

A = 70cm2

Thus, the area of this rhombus is 70cm2

Perimeter of kite
Formula (large perimeter = 2a + 2b)

Where,
A = the length of the first pair.

B = the length of the second pair

Find the perimeter of the kite whose equal sides are 18cm and 26cm.

A = 18cm

B = 26cm

P of the kite = 2(a + b).

P of the kite = 2 (18 + 26) = 2x 44

P of the kite = 88cm.

Area of a kite
Formula =
area of a
kite =

(d1 x d2)

2
( 6 x 18 )
2

108
2
= 54 sq. units.
Thus, the area of the kite is 54 sq. units.

Question # 10
Investigate the relationship between figures of circles such as circumference, area radius and di-
ameter. Use formulas to solve problems involving circumference and area.

Diameter ( D ) Circumference ( C ) C/D

 A 7cm 21.99 3.14

B 14 cm 43.98 3.14

C 21cm 65.97 3.14

D 35cm 109.96 3.14

Question # 11

Calculate volume of rectangular prisms

A rectangular prism is a three – dimensional solid figure that has a rectangular base with vertical sides.

The formula for volume of prisms = V = L x w x h.

A 2-football planter box has a base that Is 6 feet long and 4 feet wide. How many cubic feet of soil does
it take to fill the planter box to the top?

The length, width and height of the planter is: L = 6ft

W = 4ft

H = 2ft
 V=lxwxh

V = 6 x 4 x 2ft

V = 48ft3

The planter can fit 48 cubic of soil in it.

Question # 12
Develop the formulas for volumes of rectangular and triangular prisms and prisms in general.
Uses formulas to solve problems involving volume.

Formula for volume of rectangular prisms.

A fish tank measures 24inches by 12inches and is 18inches high. How many cubic inches of wa-
ter can it hold when it is filled completely full?
L = 24in , W = 12in , H = 18in
The v = 24 x 12 x 18 in
5184 in3
The tank can hold 5,184 in3

Formula for volume of Triangular Prisms.

V=½xbxhxl
Find the volume of the triangular prisms with the base is 5cm, height is 10cm and length is
15cm.
V=½xbxhxl
V = ½ x 5 x 10 x 15
Volume, v = 375cm3

What is the Volume of a Prism?

The volume of a prism is defined as the total space occupied by the three-dimensional object.
Mathematically, it is defined as the product of the area of the base and the length.

Therefore,
The volume of a Prism = Base Area × Length
The measurement unit used to represent the volume of a three-dimensional object is cubic units.
Find the volume of a prism whose base area is 3 square inches and height is 7 inches.

the volume of the prism is V = B × H.

Given that: B = 3 square inches, H = 7 inches

Thus, the Volume of the prism, V = B × H

V=3×7
V = 21 in3

Therefore, the volume of the prism is 21 cubic inches.

Question # 13

Calculate the surface area and volume of cylinders and solves related problems.
The formula for volume of cylinders = Volume = πr2 × h
Calculate the volume of a given cylinder having height 20 cm and base radius of 14 cm.
(Take pi = 22/7)
Given:
Height = 20 cm
radius = 14 cm
we know that;
Volume, V = πr2h cubic units
V= (22/7) × 14 × 14 × 20
V= 12320 cm3
Therefore, the volume of a cylinder = 12320 cm3

Total surface area of a cylinder

Formula for surface area of a cylinder = 2πr 2 + 2 π rh
Find the total surface area of a cylinder whose radius is 5cm and height is 7cm.
Total = 2πr (h + r)
= 2 x 3.14 x 5 (7 + 5)
= 31.4 x 12
= 376.8cm2
Therefore, the total surface area of the cylinder is 376.8cm2

Question # 14
Calculate the surface area and volume of right pyramids, right cones, spheres and related com-
posite solids.

Surface area of a pyramid

The formula for surface area of a pyramid = 2bs + b2

Determine the surface area of the square pyramid, given that side length = 4cm and slant height
= 8cm
Side length = b = 4cm
Slant height = s = 8cm
SA = 2bs + b2
SA = 2 (4) (8) + (4)2
SA = 64 + 16 = 80cm2
Hence, the surface area of the square pyramid is 80cm2

Voume of square pyramid

Formula for volume of square sided pyramid =
V = 1/3 x Area of square base x height
V = 1/3 x a2 x h
V = 1/3 a2 h
What is the volume of a pyramid whose base is square? The sides of the base are 10cm each and
the height of the pyramid is 18cm.
The area of the base is a2 = 10 x 10 = 100cm2
= 1/3 x 100cm2 x 18cm
= 100 x 6 = 600cm3
Right cones Area and Volume
The formula of a right circular cone.
Find the surface area of the right cone if the given radius is 6cm and slant height is 10cm.

Radius (r) = 6cm

Slant height (h) = 10cm.
Surface area of a cone = πr (r + L)
SA = 3.14 x 6 (6 + 10)
SA = 3.14 x 6 x16
SA = 301.44 cm
Therefore, surface area of the right cone is 301.4cm

Surface area of right spheres

The surface area of a sphere is equal to the area of the entire face surrounding It.
The formula = A = 4 π r2 square units
A plane passes through the Centre od a sphere and forms a circle with a radius of 12 feet. What
is the surface area of the sphere?
Radius of the sphere = 12 ft
Volume of the sphere (v) = 4 π r2
A = 4 x 3.14 x 12 x 12
A = 1808.64
Hence the area of the square is 1808.64 ft

Volume of a sphere
The volume of a sphere is the capacity it has, it’s the space occupied by the sphere.
The formula for volume of a sphere = 4/3 πr3 [Cubic units]
Find the volume of a sphere whose radius is 3cm?
Radius, R = cm Volume of a sphere = 4/3 πr3 Cubic units
V = 4/3 x 3.14 x 33
V = 4/3 x 3.14 x 3 x 3 x3
V = 113.04cm3
Composite solids
The surface area of composite solids
A composite solid is made up of two or more solid figures.
Find the area of the composite shape which is formed by joining a square and a triangle. The
length of the side of the square is 5 units. The base and height of the triangle are 6 units and 7
units respectively.
Given the length of the side of the square = 5 units, the base of the triangle = 6 units, and the
height of the triangle = 7 units
Area of composite shape = Area of square + Area of triangle
A = (5)2 + [(1/2) × 6 × 7]
A = 25 + 21 = 46 square units
The area of the composite shape is 46 square units.
Question # 15
Solve problems involving surface area and volume for a range of prisms, cylinders and compos-
ite solids.
Surface area for range of prisms.
The formula = 2 x Area of base + Perimeter of base x Height
a rectangular prism with a length of 4 units, a width of 3 units, and a height of 2 units. Using the
formula calculate the surface area of the prism.
2(Length x Width) + Perimeter of base x Heigh
= 2(4 x 3) + 2(4 + 3) x 2
= 24 + 28
= 52 square units.
Therefore, the surface of the prisms is 52 square units.

Volume for range of prisms.

The formula = The volume of a triangular Prism = ½ x b x h x l
Find the volume of the triangular prism with base is 5 cm, height is 10 cm, and length is 15
cm.
Volume of Triangular Prism = ½ × b × h × l
 V = ½ × 5 × 10 × 15
Volume, V = 375 cm3

Surface area of cylinders

The formula for surface area of cylinders = T.S.A. of cylinder = 2 πr (r + h) + h Sq. unit
The radius of a cylinder is 8 inches and the height of the same cylinder is 12 inches. Find the to-
tal surface area of this cylinder.

(Take the value of π as 3.14)

Given,
Radius of the cylinder “r” = 8 inches
Height of the cylinder “h” = 12 inches
Surface area = 2π r (r + h)
= 2 × 3.14 × 8(8 + 12)
= 2 × 3.14 × 8 × 20
= 1004.8
The surface area of the cylinder is 1004.8 square inches

Volume of a cylinder
Formula for volume of a cylinder = πr2h cubic units.

If the diameter is 16, then the radius is 8.

V=π82 (21)
=1344π units3

Composite solids
Surface area of composite shapes.
Dara is building a plant stand. She wants to stain the plant stand, except for the bottom of the
larger prism. Find the surface area of the part of the plant stand she will stain.
The top is a cube with side length of 8 in.
The bottom is a cube with side length of 12 in.
Surface area = 6a2
Surface area = 6(8)2
Surface area = 6(64)
Surface area = 384 sq.in
Find the surface area of the cube which is at the bottom.
Surface area = 6a2
Surface area = 6(12)2
Surface area = 6(144)
Surface area = 864 sq.in
Then subtract the areas of the two parts not on the surface.
Required surface area is
= 384 + 864 - 144 - 64 - 64
= 976 sq.in
The surface area of the part of the plant stand she will stain is 976 sq. in
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