Transformer Health Monitiring System Report
Transformer Health Monitiring System Report
Transformer Health Monitiring System Report
by
SATHYABAMA
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
Accredited with Grade “A” by NAAC
JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHI SALAI, CHENNAI - 600 119
MAY 2022
i
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Dr. D.N.S.RAVIKUMAR
Internal Guide
Dr. V. SIVACHIDAMBARANATHAN
Head of the Department
Name:
Signature:
We SWETHA.S (Reg. No. 38140056) hereby declare that the Project Report
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere and deep sense of gratitude to our Project
Guide Dr. D.N.S . RAVIKUMAR for his valuable guidance, suggestions and constant
encouragement paved way for the successful completion of our project work.
We wish to express our thanks to all Teaching and Non-teaching staff members of
the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering who were helpful in many ways
for the completion of the project.
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TABLE CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2
iii
COMPONENTS DETAILS 6
19
4.2Arduino uno
23
4.3 Power Supply
25
4.4 Temperature sensor
27
4.5 Ultrasonic sensor
29
4.6 Relay
27
4.7 LCD display
29
4.8 Buzzer
6.1 CONCLUSION 41
v
ABSTRACT
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
PROPOSED SYSTEM
4.1 9
BLOCK DIAGRAM
vii
5.8 POWER SUPPLY BLOCK DIAGRAM 25
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
5.9 26
34
5.17 BUZZER 41
viii
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
INTERCHANGE
HF - HIGH FREQUENCY
IC - INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
I/O -INPUT/OUTPUT
LF - LOW FREQUENCY
ix
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Electricity plays an important role in our life. Every moment of our life depends upon
electricity. Electricity has several components and equipment helping human to transfer
and regulate the distribution according to usage. The most crucial equipment of
transmission and distribution of electric power is transformer. In Power system, an electrical
component transformer directly distributes power to the low-voltage users and its operation
condition is an criteria of the entire network operation. The majority of the devices have
been in service for many years in different (electrical, mechanical, environmental)
conditions. They are the main components and constitute the large portion of capital
investment. Operation of distribution transformer under rated condition (as per specification
in their name plate) guarantees their long service life. However their life is significantly
reduced if they are subjected to overloading, heating low or high voltage current resulting
in unexpected failure and loss of supply to a large number of customers thus is effecting
system reliability. Overloading, oil temperature load current and ineffective cooling of
transformer are the major cause of failure in distribution transformer. As a large number of
transformers are distributed over a wide
area in present electric systems, it’s difficult to measure the condition manually of every
single transformer. So we need a distribution transformer system to monitor all essential
parameters operation, and send to the monitoring system in time. It provides the necessary
information about the health of the transformer. This will help and guide the utilities to
optimally use the transformer and keep this equipment in operation for a longer period This
Proposed project presents design and implementation of a IOT embedded system to
measure load currents, over voltage, transformer oil level and oil temperature. This is
implemented by using on-line measuring system using Internet of Things (IOT), with single
chip Arduino microcontroller and sensors. It is installed at the distribution transformer site.
The output values of sensors are processed and recorded in the system memory. System
programmed with some predefined instructions to check abnormal conditions. If there is
any abnormality on the system, details are automatically updated in the internet through
serial communication. This Internet of Things (IOT) will help the utilities to optimally utilize
1
transformers and identify problems before any catastrophic failure occurs. Thus online
measuring system is used to collect and analyze temperature data over time. So
Transformer Health Measuring will help to identify or recognize unexpected situations
before any serious failure which leads to a greater reliability and significant cost savings.
Transformer is one of the important electrical equipment that is used in power system.
Monitoring transformer for the problem before they occur can prevent faults that are costly
to repair and result in a loss of electricity. Currently, failure of the transformer can be
detected by color changing of silica gel and decreasing the quality and viscosity of oil. The
main aim of the project is to acquire real-time data of transformer remotely over the internet
falling under the category of Internet of Things (IOT).
1. For this real-time aspect, we take one temperature sensor, one potential transformer
and one current transformer for monitoring Temperature(T), Voltage(V), Current (I) data of
the transformer and then send them to a remote location.
2. These three analog values are taken in multiplexing mode and connected to a
programmable microcontroller of 8051 families through an ADC 0808.
3. They are then sent directly to a Wi-Fi module under TCP IP protocol to a dedicated
IP that displays the data in real-time chart form in any web connected PC / Laptop for
display in different charts. The real-time data is also seen at the sending end LCD display
interfaced with the microcontroller
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
most power companies, for online monitoring of power transformers, use supervisory control
and data acquisition (SCADA) system, but for online monitoring of power transformer, the
extending the SCADA system is an expensive proposition. Power transformers are currently
monitored manually, where a person visits a transformer site, for maintenance and taking
records purpose. But main drawbacks of these systems are, it cannot provide information
2
about overloads (Voltage & Current) and overheating of transformer oil & windings. Due to
these , the transformer life is reduced.
Monika Agarwal et al. [1] This paper represents that they are designing a system where there
exits communication between system and operator. For this we are using Transformer,
microcontroller, logic level converter and GSM i.e. global system for mobile communication
modem. This GSM modem helps to monitor transformer health by sending message to the
system.
Hongyan Mao, et al. [2] This paper represents a large number of power distribution
transformer stations and they are far away from city, wireless GPRS transmission provides
a good communication solution to supervise power distribution transformer stations. The
scheme of remote wireless monitoring system for power distribution transformer station
based on GPRS wireless network was designed in this paper. A control terminal system
implement was mainly given, which adopted LPC2132 as main processor, GR47 as the date
communication module. The monitor terminal software and flow chart were also designed.
At last, the way of configuring the GPRS module to connect network is analyzed.
CHAPTER 3
This is presents design and implementation of a mobile embedded system to monitor and
record key operation indicators of a distribution transformer like load currents, transformer
oil and ambient temperatures. The proposed on-line monitoring system integrates a global
service mobile (GSM) Modem, with standalone single chip microcontroller and sensor
packages. It is installed at the distribution transformer site and the above mentioned
parameters are recorded using the built-in S-channel analog to digital converter (ADC) of
the embedded system.
The acquired parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. If there is any
abnormality or an emergency situation the system sends SMS (short message service)
messages to designated mobile telephones containing information about the abnormality
3
according to some predefined instructions and policies that are stored on the embedded
system EEPROM. Also, it sends SMS to a central database via the GSM modem for further
processing. This mobile system will help the utilities to optimally utilize transformers and
identify problems before any catastrophic failure.
The proposed project is about acquiring real time status of transformer health parameters. Temperature
and oil level of transformers are monitored and send over internet The live tracking of these parameters
can be done using IOT technology from anywhere around the world .This is cost effective in nature Thus
the responsible authority can access information on any power failure or maintenance.
4
FIG 3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
5
display at the same time Wi-Fi module sends the data to the user on given IP address as
per program. If we get an unsecured data about the system can avoid failure. This is
proposed a model of real-time transformer monitoring system using IoT. This is classified in
four parts-power supply, controlling, data processing and data uploading.
.
3.5 Temperature
Excessive load current alone may not result in damage to the transformer if the absolute
temperature of the windings and transformer oil remains within specified limits. Transformer
ratings are based on a 24-hour average ambient temperature of 30°C (86°F). Due to over
voltage and over current, temperature of oil increases which causes failure of insulation of
transformer winding.
CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS
Arduino Uno
Power Supply
Temperature sensor
Ultrasonic Sensor
6
Relay
LCD Display
WIFI Module
DC fan
Buzzer
SOFTWARE CONFIGURATIONS
Arduino IDE
7
Fig.4.1Arduino UNO
Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday objects
to complex scientific instruments. Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design
Institute as an easy tool for fast prototyping, aimed at students without a background in
electronics and programming.
As soon as it reached a wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt to
new needs and challenges, differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to products
for IOT applications, wearable, 3D printing, and embedded environments.
4.2.1 CONFIGURATION
Ø Microcontroller ATmega328
Ø Operating Voltage 5V
8
Ø DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
Ø SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
Ø EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
4.2.3 PINDIAGRAM
9
Fig.4.2 Pin Diagram
4.2.3.1)VCC
Digital supply voltage for MCU.
4.2.3.2) GND
Ground for MCU.
Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for
each bit). The PC5..0 output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high
sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source
current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The port C pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
10
4.2.3.5) PC6/RESET
4.2.3.7) AVCC
AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D converter, PC3:0, and ADC7:6. It should
be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should
be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter.
4.2.3.8) AREF
AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D converter.
By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with in-system self-programmable flash on a monolithic
chip, the Atmel ATmega328P is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly flexible
and cost effective solution to many embedded control
applications. The ATmega328P AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system
development tools including: C compilers, macro assemblers, program
debugger/simulators, in-circuit emulators, and evaluation kits.
13
always points to the top of the stack. The stack pointer points to the data SRAM stack
area where the subroutine and interrupt stacks are located.
A flexible interrupt module has its control registers in the I/O space with an additional
global interrupt enable bit in the status register. All interrupts have a separate interrupt
vector in the interrupt vector table. The interrupts have priority in accordance with their
interrupt vector position.
The lower the interrupt vector address, the higher the priority. The I/O memory
space contains 64 addresses for CPU peripheral functions as control registers, SPI, and
other I/O functions. The I/O memory can be accessed directly, or as the data space
locations following those of the register file, 0x20 - 0x5F. In addition, the ATmega328P
has extended I/O space from 0x60 - 0xFF in SRAM where only the ST/STS/STD and
LD/LDS/LDD instructions can be used.
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power
supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come
either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by
plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery
can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can
operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the
5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than
12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range
is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source
(as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You
can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it
through this pin.
5V Regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components
on the board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by
USB or another regulated 5V supply.
A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50
mA.
The AVR provides various sleep modes allowing the user to tailor the power
consumption to the application’s requirements. When enabled, the Brown-out Detector
(BOD) actively monitors the power supply voltage during the sleep periods.
4.2.6 MEMORY
The Atmega328 has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 0,5
KB is used for the boot loader); It has also 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM
(which can be read and written with the EEPROM library). It is organized as a separate
data space, in which single bytes can be read and written. The EEPROM has an
endurance of at least 100,000 write/erase cycles.
All ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P I/Os and peripherals are placed in the I/O space.
All I/O locations may be accessed by the LD/LDS/LDD and ST/STS/STD instructions,
transferring data between the 32 general purpose working registers and the I/O space.
I/O Registers within the address range 0x00 - 0x1F are directly bitaccessible using the
SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers, the value of single bits can be checked by
15
using the SBIS and SBIC instructions. Refer to the instruction set section for more details.
When using the I/O specific commands IN and OUT, the I/O addresses 0x00 - 0x3F must
be used.
I 2C 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire library.
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference(). •
Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button
to shields which block the one on the board. See also the mapping between Arduino pins
and Atmega328 ports.
16
4.2.8 LAYOUT CONNECTION OF ARDUINO UNO
17
Low Power Consumption 0.3mA/MHz
Cross-platform - The Arduino software runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux
operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.
Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino programming environment is
easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of
as well.
Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open
source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers.
Open source and extensible hardware - The Arduino is based on Atmel's ATMEGA8
and ATMEGA168 microcontroller.
18
4.2.12 ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE
With this Arduino Integrated Development Environment you can edit, compile and
upad Arduino sketches to the Arduino boards.
This is a simple approach to obtain a 12V and 5V DC power supply using a single
circuit. The circuit uses two ICs 7812 and 7805 for obtaining the required voltages. The
AC mains voltage will be stepped down by the transformer, rectified by bridge and filtered
by capacitor to obtain a steady DC level.The 7812 regulates this voltage to obtain a steady
12V DC. The output of the IC1 will be regulated by the 7805 to obtain a steady 5V DC at
its output. In this way both 12V and 5V DC are obtained.
19
STEP DOWN BRIDGE RECTIFIER
(AC TO DC REGULATOR OUTPUT
TRANSFORMER
(230V TO 12V) VOLTAGE)
Initially small stepdown transformer is used to reduce the voltage level 230V AC
into 12V AC. The output of the transformer is a pulsating sinusoidal AC voltage, which is
converted to pulsating DC with the help of a rectifier. This output is given to a filter circuit
which reduces the AC ripples, and passes the DC components. 7812 regulator is used
to converts 12V DC study voltage. And 7805 regulator is converts constant 5V DC
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature devices with an output voltage
linearly proportional to the Centigrade temperature. The LM35 device has an advantage over
linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from the output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 device
does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±¼°C
at room temperature and ±¾°C over a full −55°C to 150°C temperature range. Lower cost is
assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The low-output impedance, linear
output, and precise inherent calibration of the LM35 device makes interfacing to readout or
control circuitry especially easy. The device is used with single power supplies, or with plus
and minus supplies. As the LM35 device draws only 60 μA from the supply, it has very low
20
self-heating of less than 0.1°C in still air. The LM35 device is rated to operate over a −55°C
to 150°C temperature range, while the LM35C device is rated for a −40°C to 110°C range
(−10° with improved accuracy). The LM35-series devices are available packaged in hermetic
TO transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D devices are available in the
plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D device is available in an 8-lead surfacemount
small-outline package and a plastic TO220 package.
21
If the temperature is 0°C, then the output voltage will also be 0V. There will be rise of 0.01V
(10mV) for every degree Celsius rise in temperature. The voltage can converted into
temperature using the below formulae.
4.4.3 FEATURES
22
• Less than 60 μA current drain
23
Ultrasonic transmitter emitted an ultrasonic wave in one direction, and started timing when it
launched. Ultrasonic spread in the air, and would return immediately when it encountered
obstacles on the way. At last, the ultrasonic receiver would stop timing when it received the
reflected wave. As Ultrasonic spread velocity is 340m / s in the air, based on the timer record
t, we can calculate the distance (s) between the obstacle and transmitter, namely: s = 340t /
2, which is so- called time difference distance measurement principle The principle of
ultrasonic distance measurement used the already-known air spreading velocity, measuring
the time from launch to reflection when it encountered obstacle, and then calculate the
distance between the transmitter and the obstacle according to the time and the velocity.
Thus, the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement is the same with radar. Distance
Measurement formula is expressed as: L = C X T In the formula, L is the measured distance,
and C is the ultrasonic spreading velocity in air, also, T represents time (T is half the time
value from transmitting to receiving ).
Ultrasonic Application Technology is the thing which developed in recent decades. With the
ultrasonic advance, and the electronic technology development, especially as high-power
semiconductor device technology matures, the application of ultrasonic has become
increasingly widespread: Ultrasonic measurement of distance, depth and thickness;
Ultrasonic testing;
Ultrasound imaging; Ultrasonic machining, such as polishing, drilling; Ultrasonic cleaning;
Ultrasonic welding;
24
4.5.3 ELECTRIC PARAMETERS:
• Working Voltage DC 5 V
• Working Current 15mA
• Working Frequency 40Hz
• Max Range 400cm
• Min Range 2cm
• MeasuringAngle 15 degree
• Trigger Input Signal 10uS TTL pulse
• Echo Output Signal Input TTL lever signal and the range in proportion
• Dimension 45*20*1
4.6 RELAY
A relay is an electro mechanical switch, it consists of a coil. When small current flows through
the coil, magnetic field is induced that causes the switch to move, to close or open the
electrical connection. Typically a Relay is used to control High voltage (AC or DC) circuit
using small DC voltage circuit without any direct electrical connection between them. It
means, high voltage circuit and low DC voltage circuit are magnetically linked but electrically
separated.
25
4.6.1 OPERATIONS OF RELAY
When small DC current flows through the coil of the relay, coil energizes. Thus the armature
is attracted towards the NO (Normally Open) pin. When the current flow through the coil
stops, armature comes back to the normal position, means COM pin is connected to NC
(Normally Connected) pin. Relay operation is same for all basic relays.
26
4.7 LCD DISPLAY
There are many display devices used by the hobbyists. LCD displays are one
of the most sophisticated display devices used by them. Once you learn how to interface
it, it will be the easiest and very reliable output device used by you! More, for micro
controller based project, not every time any debugger can be used. So LCD displays can
be used to test the outputs.
27
Fig.4.14 LCD Display
LCD accepts two types of signals, one is data, and another is control. These signals
are recognized by the LCD module from status of the RS pin. Now data can be read also
from the LCD display, by pulling the R/W pin high. As soon as the E pin is pulsed, LCD
display reads data at the falling edge of the pulse and executes it, same for the case of
transmission. LCD display takes a time of 39-43µS to place a character or execute a
command. Except for clearing display and to seek cursor to home position it takes 1.53ms
to 1.64ms. Any attempt to send any data before this interval may lead to failure to read
data or execution of the current data in some devices. Some devices compensate the
speed by storing the incoming data to some temporary registers.
28
Fig.4.15 Flow chart of interfacing LCD display
LCD displays have two RAMs, naming DDRAM and CGRAM. DDRAM registers in
which position which character in the ASCII chart would be displayed. Each byte of
DDRAM represents each unique position on the LCD display. The LCD controller reads
the information from the DDRAM and displays it on the LCD screen. CGRAM allows user
to define their custom characters. For that purpose, address space for first 16 ASCII
characters are reserved for users. After CGRAM has been setup to display characters,
user can easily display their custom characters on the LCD screen.
4.8 BUZZER
29
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. It
generates consistent single tone sound just by applying D.C voltage. Using a suitably
designed resonant system, this type can be used where large sound volumes are needed.
At Future Electronics we stock many of the most common types categorized by Type,
Sound Level, Frequency, Rated Voltage, Dimension and Packaging Type.
Fig.4.17 Buzzer
4.8.1 FEATURES
CHAPTER 5
5.1 RESULT
31
32
33
5.3 SOFTWARE OUTPUT
34
35
5.3.2 TEMPERATURE
5.4 PROGRAM
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(8,9,10,11,12,13);
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial ser(3,2);
lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("IOT BASED TRANSFORMER ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("HEALTH MONITORING");
ser.begin(115200); ser.println("AT+RST\r\n");
delay(8000);
Serial.println("Change to station mode");
ser.println("AT+CWMODE=1\r\n"); delay(8000);
Serial.println("Connect to a network");
//please enter wifi username and password
ser.println("AT+CWJAP=\"OPPO\",\"caesarswetha\"\r\n"); delay(8000);
Serial.println("Get the ip address assigned my the router");
ser.println("AT+CIFSR\r\n");
delay(8000);
lcd.clear();
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
digitalWrite(fan,LOW); digitalWrite(trigPin,
LOW); delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); duration =
pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); distanceCm=
duration*0.034/2; distanceInch =
duration*0.0133/2; int temp=analogRead(A0);
int temp1=map(temp,0,1023,0,500);
37
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("TEMP = ");
lcd.setCursor(7,0); lcd.print(temp1);
lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print("OIL LEVEL
= "); lcd.setCursor(12,1);
if(distanceCm<10)
lcd.print(0);
if(distanceCm<100) lcd.print(0);
lcd.print(distanceCm);
delay(1000); lcd.clear();
if(temp1>35)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH); digitalWrite(fan,HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print("TEMPERATURE HIGH
");
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("COOLING FAN ON "); delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
}
if(distanceCm<20)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("OIL LEVEL LOW ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print("OIL
LEVEL = "); lcd.setCursor(12,1);
if(distanceCm<10)
lcd.print(0); if(distanceCm<100)
lcd.print(0); lcd.print(distanceCm);
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
}
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
digitalWrite(fan,LOW);
esp_8266(distanceCm,temp1);
}
void esp_8266(float distanceCm,float temp1)
{
char buf[32],a[32],c[32],d[32];
String strVolt = dtostrf(distanceCm , 4, 1, buf);
38
String strVolt1 = dtostrf(temp1, 4, 1, buf);
lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print("TEMP =
"); lcd.setCursor(7,0); lcd.print(temp1);
lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print("OIL
LEVEL = "); lcd.setCursor(12,1);
if(distanceCm<10) lcd.print(0);
if(distanceCm<100) lcd.print(0);
lcd.print(distanceCm);
if(ser.find("Error")){
Serial.println("AT+CIPSTART error"); return;
}
cmd = "AT+CIPSEND=";
cmd += String(getStr.length());
ser.println(cmd); delay(1000);
if(ser.find(">")){ ser.print(getStr);
delay(6000); ser.println("AT+CIPCLOSE");
}
else{
ser.pri
ntln("
39
AT+C
IPCL
OSE")
;
Serial.println("AT+CIPCLOSE");
}
delay(2000);
}
CHAPTER 6
6.1 CONCLUSION
The proposed technique with results has shown that the protection scheme works properly
with accuracy, sensitivity of this scheme very high for the abnormal and faulty conditions.
Transformer Health Monitoring will help to identify or recognize unexpected situations before
any serious failure which leads to greater reliability and significant cost savings. If
transformer is in abnormal condition we can know from anywhere. No human power need to
monitor the transformer. Details about the transformer are automatically updated in cloud
when the transformer is in abnormal condition
In future work we can develop database of all parameters of distribution transformer which
are placed at different places. We can get all information by placing the proposed system
modules at every transformer. We can send the data through Wifi module and also through
Ethernet shield. With Ethernet shield we can make remote terminal unit as a server and store
data on webpage or website. A Wifi module connects to nearby network and sends
information to monitoring node.
40
REFERENCES
[1 ] Chan, W. L, So, A.T.P. and Lai, L., L.; “Interment Based Transmission Substation
Monitoring”, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2014, pp. 293-298.
[2] Hongyan Mao, “Research of Wireless Monitoring System in Power Distribution Transformer
Station Based on GPRS”, Volume 5, C 2010 IEEE,978-1-4244-5586-7/10/$2600
[3].J. H. Estrada, S. Valencia Ramı´rez, C. L. Cortés, E. A. Cano Plata, "Magnetic Flux Entropy as a Tool
to Predict Transformer's Failures", Magnetics IEEE Transactions on, vol. 49, pp. 4729-4732, 2013, ISSN
0018-9464
[4] Monika Agarwal and Akshaypandya, “GSM Based Condition Monitoring of Transformer”,
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research&Development| Vol. 1, Issue 12, 2014 | ISSN
(online)
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