Introduction

COMPTECH 122
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
ENGR. GERALD V. CANAMA
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
• A computer system is a combination of hardware, software, and peripheral

devices working together to process data and perform tasks. It includes
components such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage
devices, input/output devices, and operating system software. The hardware
components handle the physical processing and storage of data, while the
software provides instructions for the hardware to execute tasks and manage
resources. Together, they enable users to interact with and utilize the
capabilities of the computer for various applications and purposes.
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
• A computer system is like a team of tools that work together to do tasks. It

includes the physical parts you can touch and can’t be touch (like the screen
and keyboard), as well as the programs (or software) that tell those parts
what to do. So, when you use a computer, you're using a system of hardware
and software that helps you get things done.
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
• Computer architecture refers to the design of computer systems, including the

arrangement and interaction of its various components. It encompasses both
hardware and software aspects, focusing on how the different parts of a computer
system work together to execute instructions and perform tasks efficiently. Key
elements of computer architecture include the organization of the central processing
unit (CPU), memory hierarchy, input/output systems, and interconnection networks.
Understanding computer architecture is essential for designing and optimizing
computer systems to meet performance, power consumption, and cost requirements.
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
• Computer architecture is like the blueprint of a house. It's the design that
determines how all the parts of a computer fit together and work with each
other. Just like a blueprint shows where the rooms, doors, and windows go in a
house, computer architecture defines how the CPU, memory, storage, and other
components are organized and communicate to make the computer function
properly.
EVOLUTION OF THE COMPUTER
• Pre-20th Century: The concept of

mechanical computing devices dates back
to ancient times, with devices like the
abacus and the Antikythera mechanism
(an ancient Greek analog computer).
However, these were rudimentary
compared to modern computers.
• Early 20th Century:
• Analytical Engine (1837): Designed by Charles
Babbage, it is considered the first mechanical
general-purpose computer.
• Colossus (1943): Developed during World War II

by British codebreakers, Colossus was the world's first
programmable digital electronic computer, used to
decrypt German codes.
• 1940s-1950s:
• ENIAC (1946): The Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer, developed in the
United States, was the first general-purpose
electronic digital computer.
• UNIVAC I (1951): Produced by Remington

Rand, it was the first commercially available
computer.
• 1950s-1970s:
• Transistors: Replacing bulky vacuum tubes, transistors
enabled smaller, faster, and more reliable computers.
• Integrated Circuits (1960s): Multiple transistors could
now be fabricated onto a single silicon chip, leading to
significant miniaturization and cost reduction.
• Mainframes: Large, powerful computers used by
corporations and governments for critical applications.
• Minicomputers: Smaller and less powerful than
mainframes, but more affordable, they found use in
scientific research and small businesses.
• 1970s-1980s:
• Microprocessors: The invention of the microprocessor (e.g.,
Intel 4004 in 1971) led to the development of personal
computers (PCs).
• Altair 8800 (1975): Considered the first commercially
successful personal computer kit.
• Apple II (1977): One of the first mass-produced personal
computers, popularizing the concept of home computing.
• IBM PC (1981): IBM's entry into the personal computer
market set standards for hardware and software
compatibility, leading to the widespread adoption of PCs.
• 1980s-1990s:
• Graphical User Interfaces (GUI): Introduced
by Xerox PARC and popularized by Apple's
Macintosh and Microsoft's Windows.
• Laptops and Notebooks: Portable computing
became more accessible with the
development of compact, battery-powered
computers.
• Internet: The creation of TCP/IP protocols
and the World Wide Web in the late 1980s
and early 1990s revolutionized
communication and information access.
• 2000s-Present:
• Smartphones and Tablets: Miniaturization of computing
power led to the development of smartphones and
tablets, revolutionizing personal computing and
communication.
• Cloud Computing: Computing resources and services
delivered over the internet became widely adopted,
enabling scalability and flexibility.
• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Advanced
algorithms and computing power facilitated significant
advancements in AI, with applications in various fields
like healthcare, finance, and autonomous vehicles.
ASSIGNMENT
• Create a visual timeline illustrating the evolution of computers, including

drawings or images of each significant computing device along with its
specifications and capacities? LONG BONDPAPER

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COMPTECH 122

• A computer system is a combination of hardware, software, and peripheral

• A computer system is like a team of tools that work together to do tasks. It

• Computer architecture refers to the design of computer systems, including the

• Pre-20th Century: The concept of

• Colossus (1943): Developed during World War II

• UNIVAC I (1951): Produced by Remington

• Create a visual timeline illustrating the evolution of computers, including

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