Medical Terminology For Health Professions 8Th Edition Ehrlich Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Medical Terminology For Health Professions 8Th Edition Ehrlich Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Medical Terminology For Health Professions 8Th Edition Ehrlich Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
1. angi/o
ANSWER: d
2. aort/o
ANSWER: a
3. arteri/o
ANSWER: b
4. ather/o
ANSWER: c
5. brady-
ANSWER: e
6. cardi/o
ANSWER: d
7. -crasia
ANSWER: c
8. -emia
ANSWER: b
9. ven/o
ANSWER: e
10. hem/o
ANSWER: a
c. red
d. vein
e. white
11. erythr/o
ANSWER: c
12. leuk/o
ANSWER: e
13. phleb/o
ANSWER: d
14. tachy-
ANSWER: b
15. thromb/o
ANSWER: a
16. embolism
ANSWER: e
17. embolus
ANSWER: d
18. thrombosis
ANSWER: b
20. thrombus
ANSWER: a
21. erythrocytes
ANSWER: c
22. hemoglobin
ANSWER: d
23. leukemia
ANSWER: b
24. leukocytes
ANSWER: e
25. leukopenia
ANSWER: a
26. angina
ANSWER: d
27. arrhythmia
ANSWER: c
28. bradycardia
ANSWER: b
30. tachycardia
ANSWER: a
31. anemia
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ANSWER: b
37. Blood ____________________ is any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood.
ANSWER: dyscrasia
38. The term ____________________ means a condition in which there are an abnormally small number of platelets
circulating in the blood.
ANSWER: thrombocytopenia
39. A/An ____________________ is a medication administered to rid the body of excess sodium and water.
ANSWER: diuretic
40. The term ____________________ is used to describe all the diseases of the heart muscle.
ANSWER: cardiomyopathy
42. A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall is known as a/an ____________________.
ANSWER: atheroma
43. The use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm is known as ____________________.
ANSWER: defibrillation
44. ____________________ veins are abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in the legs.
ANSWER: Varicose
45. The ____________________ is the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
ANSWER: pericardium
46. ____________________ hypotension is low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.
ANSWER: Orthostatic
49. ____________________ tachycardia is a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.
ANSWER: Ventricular
50. A/An ____________________ is the surgical removal of plaque from the interior lining of an artery.
ANSWER: atherectomy
51. The genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle
shape, is known as ____________________ anemia.
ANSWER: sickle cell
52.
A/An ____________________ is a medication that slows the rate of the heartbeat.
ANSWER: beta-blocker
beta blocker
53. The form of ____________________ known as LDL is harmful because it contributes to plaque buildup in the
arteries.
ANSWER: cholesterol
55. A/An ____________________ is a medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.
ANSWER: anticoagulant
57. Chronic ____________________ is a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage
or leakage of venous valves.
ANSWER: venous insufficiency
58. ____________________ is a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or
stress.
ANSWER: Raynaud’s disease
60. A/An ____________________ is a technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel.
ANSWER: angioplasty
63. A/An ____________________ is the surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to
the brain.
ANSWER: carotid endarterectomy
64. ____________________ disease is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart
muscle.
ANSWER: Coronary artery
65. The hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaques is known as
____________________.
ANSWER: atherosclerosis
66. A/An ____________________ is a serious and potentially fatal complication that occurs when the patient’s blood and
the donated blood do not match.
ANSWER: transfusion reaction
67. ____________________ occurs when the normal contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled
twitching of the muscular heart wall.
ANSWER: Atrial fibrillation
69. ____________________ is damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery.
ANSWER: Coronary thrombosis
70. A potentially life-threatening infection caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream is known as
____________________.
ANSWER: sepsis
71. In a ____________________ stress test, the flow of blood through the heart during exercise is assessed with the use of
the radionuclide.
ANSWER: thallium
72. In case of an emergency, a/an ____________________ can be used by nonprofessionals to externally shock the heart
to restore a normal cardiac rhythm.
ANSWER: automated external defibrillator
73. ____________________ syndrome is a type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of blood cells due to
dysfunction of the bone marrow.
ANSWER: Myelodysplastic
75. ____________________ is a form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other
symptoms.
ANSWER: Temporal arteritis
76. Which condition is an inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and
fewer red blood cells than normal?
a. dyscrasia
b. leukemia
c. megaloblastic anemia
d. thalassemia
ANSWER: d
77. Which specialist treats diseases and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues?
a. cardiologist
b. hematologist
c. vascular surgeon
d. phlebography
ANSWER: b
78. The _____ are only one cell in thickness and are the smallest blood vessels in the body.
a. arterioles
b. venules
c. capillaries
d. coronary arteries
ANSWER: c
79. The condition of having an abnormally slow resting heartbeat is known as _____.
a. atrial fibrillation
b. bradycardia
c. palpitation
d. tachycardia
ANSWER: d
80. The _____ carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
a. pulmonary circulation
b. pulmonary veins
c. pulmonary arteries
d. systemic circulation
ANSWER: c
a. aneurysm
b. plaque
c. thrombosis
d. embolus
ANSWER: b
82. The highest pressure against the artery walls, which occurs when the ventricles contract, is known as _____.
a. diastolic pressure
b. hypertension
c. hypotension
d. systolic pressure
ANSWER: d
83. _____ strengthens the contraction of the heart muscle, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body
tissues.
a. An ACE inhibitor
b. Digitalis
c. A beta-blocker
d. A diuretic
ANSWER: b
84. Formed in red bone marrow, _____ are the most common type of white blood cells.
a. basophils
b. eosinophils
c. lymphocytes
d. neutrophils
ANSWER: d
85. _____ is plasma fluid after the blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed.
a. Fibrinogen
b. Serum
c. Prothrombin
d. Fibrinogen
ANSWER: a
87. A/An _____ is the condition of having a blood clot attached to the wall of a deep vein.
a. deep vein thrombosis
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b. orthostatic hypotension
c. phlebitis
d. peripheral vascular disease
ANSWER: a
88. A/An _____ is a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor heart rate
and rhythm over a 24- or 48-hour period.
a. electrocardiogram
b. stress test
c. Holter monitor
d. thallium stress test
ANSWER: c
89. Which medication is taken in a small daily dose to reduce the ability of the blood to clot?
a. thrombolytic
b. digitalis
c. beta-blocker
d. aspirin
ANSWER: d
91. The chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood it receives is known as _____.
a. heart failure
b. cardiomyopathy
c. coronary artery disease
d. cardiomegaly
ANSWER: a
92. An emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression
is known as _____.
a. cardiopulmonary resuscitation
b. artificial pacemaker
c. implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
d. automated external defibrillator
ANSWER: a
93. Which of these tests uses sound waves to image the structures of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these
vessels?
a. venography
b. digital subtraction angiography
c. diagnostic ultrasound
d. duplex ultrasound
ANSWER: d
94. A _____ is administered within a few hours after a heart attack or stroke to dissolve the damaging blood clots.
a. vasoconstrictor
b. tissue plasminogen activator
c. nitroglycerin
d. aspirin
ANSWER: b
95. A wire mesh tube placed in an artery to provide support to the arterial wall is known as a _____.
a. restenosis
b. stent
c. atherectomy
d. coronary artery bypass graft
ANSWER: b
96. An abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood is known as _____.
a. thrombocytopenia
b. polycythemia
c. hemochromatosis
d. thrombocytosis
ANSWER: d
97. Which condition is a form of vasculitis involving several small and medium arteries at the same time?
a. polyarteritis
b. temporal arteritis
c. vasculitis
d. endocarditis
ANSWER: a
c. Pericarditis
d. Bacterial endocarditis
ANSWER: b
27 Amer. Journ. Med. Sci., N. S., vol. lxxxvii., January, 1884, p. 65.
Carcinoma 7 Glio-sarcoma 1
Cholesteotoma 1 Gumma 13
Cyst 2 Lipoma 1
Echinococcus 2 Myxo-sarcoma 1
Enchondroma 1 Myxo-glioma 2
Endothelioma 1 Osteoma 2
Fibro-glioma 2 Sarcoma 15
Fibroma 4 Tubercle 13
Glioma 16 Unclassified 16
The histology of tumors of the brain does not in the main differ from
that of the same growths as found in other parts of the body, so that
a detailed description of their structures, even though founded upon
original research, could not offer many novel facts in a field which
has been so thoroughly cultivated. Such a description would
probably repeat facts which have already been presented in other
parts of this work, and which are better and more appropriately put
forth in special treatises devoted to the science of pathology. It is
proper, however, for the sake of convenience and thoroughness, to
make brief mention of the structure of brain tumors, and especially to
dwell upon certain features of these morbid growths which may be
considered characteristic of their encephalic location, and hence
have not only pathological but also clinical interest. It is hardly worth
while to refer to speculations which aim to elucidate the very
foundations of the science, except that in a few of these theories we
gain an additional insight into both the structure and conduct of some
very characteristic brain tumors.
30 Page 1107.
The gliomata are among the most common and characteristic tumors
of the cerebro-spinal axis, to which system and its prolongation into
the retina they are confined. They invariably spring from the
neuroglia or connective tissue of the nerve-centres, and reproduce
this tissue in an embryonal state. They greatly resemble the brain-
substance to naked-eye inspection, but have, histologically, several
varieties of structure. These variations depend upon the relations of
the cell-elements to the fibres or felted matrix of the neoplasm. In the
hard variety the well-packed fibrous tissue preponderates over the
cell-elements, and we have a tumor resembling not a little the
fibromata (Obernier). The second variety, or soft gliomata, show a
marked increase of cells of varied shapes and sizes, with a rich
vascular supply which allies these growths to the sarcomata. The
elements of gliomata sometimes assume a mucoid character, which
allies them, again, to the myxomata.
FIG. 43.
FIG. 44.
(1) Homogeneous translucent fibre-cell; (2) cells like unipolar ganglion-
cells; (3) giant cell (Osler).
True neuromata are probably very rare growths, and it is likely that
some tumors which have been described as such are really
connective-tissue tumors of a gliomatous nature, in which some of
the cell-elements have been mistaken for the ganglion-cells.
Obernier33 says that these tumors are small and grow from the gray
matter on the surface, also on the ventricular surfaces. They are also
found in the white matter. He says they are only found in persons
having some congenital or acquired aberration; by which is probably
meant some other well-marked neurosis or psychosis. The one
hundred tabulated cases afforded no examples of neuromata.
33 Op. cit.
The angiomata, somewhat rarely found within the skull, are noted for
their abnormal development of the vascular tissues: they are
composed mainly of blood-vessels and the connective tissue, which
supports them in closely-packed masses. They also present
cavernous enlargements. They are of especial interest in cerebral
pathology, because the lesion known as pachymeningitis
hæmorrhagica, often found in dementia paralytica, is considered by
some to be angiomatous; although by far the most generally
accepted view of this latter condition is that it is due to arterial
degeneration, and in part is an inflammatory exudate.
Pacchionian bodies are very common in the brain, and are really
small fibromata. They may form true tumors (Cornil and Ranvier)
capable of wearing away the bones of the cranium. In fact, even
when small they may have corresponding indentations in the skull.
They are not to be mistaken for tubercle. Clouston35 has described
excrescences from the white matter of the brain, growing through the
convolutions, projecting through the dura mater, and indenting the
inner table of the skull; which new growths he calls hernia of the
brain through the dura. We have not seen such a condition
described elsewhere, and think that we have here probably
Pacchionian bodies growing from the pia mater. They were found in
a case of tumor of the cerebellum.
35 Journ. Ment. Sci., xviii. p. 153.
It must not be forgotten just here, however, that, on the one hand,
ophthalmoscopic appearances very similar to those of albuminuric
retinitis are sometimes present in rare cases of brain tumor, and also
in other constitutional disorders, such as leukæmia; and, on the
other hand, that, as stated by Norris,36 exceptional forms of
albuminuric retinitis have been reported where the only change seen
in the fundus oculi was pronounced choking of the disc.
36 Op. cit.