2.4 Strong Acids and Strong Bases - Chemistry LibreTexts
2.4 Strong Acids and Strong Bases - Chemistry LibreTexts
2.4 Strong Acids and Strong Bases - Chemistry LibreTexts
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Learning Objectives
Strong Acids
Strong acids are acids that are completely or
nearly 100% ionized in their solutions; Table
2.4.1 includes some common strong acids.
Hence, the ionization in Equation 2.4.1 for a
strong acid HA can be represented with a single
arrow:
H 2 O ⇌ H + + OH− (2.4.2)
Example 2.4.1
Solution
? Exercise 2.4.1
Example 2.4.2
Solution
The density of such a solution is needed
before we can calculate the pH. Since the
density is not on the label, we need to find it
from the Material Safety Data Sheet, which
gives the specific gravity of 1.150. Thus, the
amount of acid in 1.0 L is 1150 g.
pH = − log(10.08) = −1.003
Discussion
? Exercise 2.4.2
Example 2.4.3
Solution
+ −
H2 O ⇌ H(aq) + OH(aq)
\(H_2O_{(l)}\) -
\(H^+_{(aq)}\) 1 × 10−7
\(OH^-_{(aq)}\) 0
\(H_2O_{(l)}\) -
\(H^+_{(aq)}\) +x
\(OH^-_{(aq)}\) +x
\(H_2O_{(l)}\) -
\(H^+_{(aq)}\) 1 × 10−7 + x
\(OH^-_{(aq)}\) x
−1.00 × 10−7
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
± √1.00 × 10−14 + (4)(1)(1.00 × 10−14 )
x=
2
−7
= 0.61 × 10
Discussion
Strong Bases
Strong bases are completely ionized in solution.
Table 2.4.1 includes some common strong
bases. For example, KOH dissolves in water in
the reaction
KOH → K+ + OH−
[OH − ] = 2[Ca2+ ]
Example 2.4.4
Solution
? Exercise 2.4.4
Questions
1. What is the pH of a solution containing 0.01 M
HNO 3 ?
2. What is the pH of a solution containing 0.0220
M Ba(OH)2 ? Give 3 significant figures.
3. Exactly 1.00 L solution was made by
dissolving 0.80 g of NaOH in water. What is
[H + ] ? (Atomic mass: Na , 23.0; O , 16.0; H ,
1.0)
4. What is the pH for a solution which is 0.050 M
HCl ?
5. Which of the following is usually referred to as
strong acid in water solution?
Solutions
1. Answer 2
Hint...
You do not need a calculator to evaluate
− log(0.01) = 2
2. Answer 12.64
Hint...
Ba(OH)2 → Ba2+ + 2 OH−
3. Answer 5.0 × 10−13
Hint...
0.80
[OH − ] = = 0.020 M;
40
+ 1.0 × 10−14
[H ] = = 5 × 10−13 M . The pH is
0.020
12.30.
4. Answer 1.3
Hint...
This solution contains 1.83 g of HCl per liter.
[H + ] = 0.050 .
5. Answer HNO 3
Consider...
All others are weak acids
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