For Demo Teaching.

SUN
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
Explain: It is a massive, hot ball of plasma, and it is inflated and heated by energy produced
by nuclear fusion reactions at its core. The Sun moves around the Galactic Center of the Milky Way,
at a distance of 26,660 light-years.
The Sun consists primarily of the chemical elements hydrogen and helium.
Explain: At this time in the Sun's life, they account for 74.9% and 23.8%, respectively, of the mass of
the Sun in the photosphere
Since the Sun formed, the main fusion process has involved fusing hydrogen into helium. Over the
past 4.6 billion years, the amount of helium and its location within the Sun has gradually changed.
Within the core, the proportion of helium has increased from about 24% to about 60% due to fusion,
and some of the helium and heavy elements have settled from the photosphere towards the center
of the Sun because of gravity.
The Sun and its atmosphere consist of several zones or layers.

From the inside out, the solar interior consists of:
1 Core - The core is at the center of the Sun and extends about a quarter of the way to the surface.
EXPLAIN: About half of the Sun's mass is within the core. Even though the core is made of gas, it is
10 times more dense than lead. It is also the hottest region of the Sun, about 15 million ℃ (27 million
℉).
2. The layer just outside of the Sun's core is known as the RADIATIVE ZONE. Here, photons of light
carry the energy created through nuclear fusion reactions in the Sun's core toward the surface as
thermal radiation.
EXPLAIN: It can take millions of years for energy to travel through the radiative zone.
3. The CONVECTION ZONE is where energy is transported in gases to the photosphere through
convection currents.
EXPLAIN: The gas, or plasma, is hottest nearest to the radiative zone and coolest, denser, near the
photosphere (outermost layer of the sun). Due to this, the heated gas rises to the surface and the
denser gas sinks.
What happens in the convection zone of the Sun?
In the convection zone, photons are transferred to the photosphere through convection currents. The
gases are heated near the radiative zone and are lighter than the gases near the cooler
photosphere. The heated gas rises and the cooler gases sink, creating convection currents.
And the solar atmosphere is mada up of:
1. Photosphere - – the visible surface of the Sun
EXPLAIN: The surface of the Sun is called the photosphere, a term which means “sphere of light.”
The glowing ball of light that you see in the sky is the photosphere. The surface of the Sun is the
only part that we can see from Earth on a typical day, without use of specialized equipment.
2. Chromosphere - an irregular layer above the photosphere where the temperature rises from
6000°C to about 20,000°C.
Explain: What is the chromosphere in the Sun?
Also The chromosphere is the middle layer of the sun. It is the reason that the sun appears red
during solar eclipses.
Where is the chromosphere?
The chromosphere is the middle layer of the sun's atmosphere. It is above the photosphere and
below the corona. It contains both hydrogen and calcium.
Why is the chromosphere important?
The chromosphere has several important features, such as spicules, filaments, and other anomalies.
It also absorbs energy from the sun and converts it into red light.
3. The Corona – the Sun’s outer atmosphere.
Explain: Beyond the corona is the solar wind, which is actually an outward flow of coronal gas. The
Sun’s magnetic fields rise through the convection zone and erupt through the photosphere into the
chromosphere and corona. The eruptions lead to solar activity, which includes such phenomena as
sunspots, flares, prominences, and coronal mass ejections.
Moon
WHAT IS MOON?
• The Moon is the brightest celestial object in Earth's night sky.
• The Moon is Earth's sole natural satellite and nearest large celestial body.
EXPLAIN: A moon is defined to be a celestial body that makes an orbit around a planet, including the
eight major planets, dwarf planets, and minor planets. A moon may also be referred to as a natural
satellite, although to differentiate it from other astronomical bodies orbiting another body, e.g. a planet
orbiting a star, the term moon is used exclusively to make a reference to a planet’s natural satellite.
MOON
DIAMETER: 3476 km
AVERAGE DISTANCE FROM EARTH: 384,402 km
ORBITAL PERIOD: 29 days 12 hr 44 min or 27 days 19 hr 18 min
ROTATION PERIOD: 27 days 19 hr 18 min or 28 days
Layer of the moon

• CRUST • MANTLE’S LOWER LAYER
• MANTLE • THE CORE
• MANTLE’S UPPER LAYER • CRUST
• Crust
The crust represents the outermost layer of the Moon and averages 38 miles (60 kilometers) thick on
the Moon’s Earth-facing side.
• MANTLE
Heading deeper, we reach the Moon’s middle layer, the mantle. Starting just under the crust, the
mantle stretches some 800 miles (1300 kilometers) inward.
• Mantle’s Upper Layer – Lithosphere
The rigid upper layer of the Moon is known as the lithosphere and is estimated to be 600 miles (1000
kilometers) thick.
• Mantle’s Lower Layer – Asthenosphere
The second layer of the mantle is called the asthenosphere. This layer is still semi-solid but is finally
warm enough to be at least partially molten.
• The Core
The core is the densest layer of any planetary object. Since the Moon’s density is a lot less than that
of Earth, scientists have surmised that the Moon’s core must make up a lot less of its overall
composition than Earth’s.

For Demo Teaching.

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

For Demo Teaching.

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

For Demo Teaching.

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SUN

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

The Sun and its atmosphere consist of several zones or layers.

Layer of the moon

You might also like