COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS

ON GROWING BRASSICA JUNCEA

A Research Paper Submitted as Requirement for the subject Inquiries, Investigations & Immersion
SY 2022 – 2023

Submitted By:

Bayan, Kyle Kyan S.

Besa, Ashly Keil C.

Garay, Malvin Roy D.R.

Moya, Dave Andrew M.

Manite, Johnna B.

Tirol, Helen D.P.

Villacorta, Matthew Dillan J.

12 - Valenzuela

Submitted To:

Mrs. Precious V. Bernabe

Sir. Leandro Ian B. Santiago

Subject Teacher
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, we thank Almighty God for his kindness throughout our research journey.

The completion of this research paper would not have been feasible without the support and
guidance of many individuals. We'd like to thank our teachers ― Ma'am Precious V. Bernabe
and Sir Leandro Ian B. Santiago, for their tremendous assistance, support, and encouragement
during the entire research process.

Sincere thanks to everyone involved in this research. It has been an immense pleasure and
privilege to collaborate with such a dedicated and brilliant group of researchers. Each of you
provided distinct skills, viewpoints, and expertise to our research, which expanded it and
eventually led to its success. Your dedication, passion, and dedication to excellence have been
truly inspiring.

We also want to express our appreciation for the help and knowledge we received while at San
Rafael National Trade School. The research skills and expertise that we earned during our studies
have been important to us in our careers, and we attribute much of this to the great education we
had while attending San Rafael National Trade School.

We additionally appreciate the mentorship provided by the teachers and staff, who were always
reachable to offer advice and support during our studies. The success of your graduates
demonstrates your commitment to excellence and dedication to providing high-quality education.

Lastly, we are grateful to our family and friends for their support while we were conducting this
research. We appreciate your efforts in supporting us in times of circumstances. We thank you for
your moral support and cherish all the moments we have been through.

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 ABSTRACT

The present study experimentally investigated a comparative analysis of artificial lights on

growing Brassica juncea. This study aims to find a better alternative source of light on growing
plants due to the fact outdoor planting raises the issues of pests, weeds and also climate change.
The study utilized a quasi-experimental design to investigate the impact of artificial lights on
plant growth by determining cause-and-effect relationships. The experiment was conducted over
a six-day period, during which it was observed that the plants exposed to artificial lights showed
a significant increase in growth compared to those grown under natural sunlight. The use of
fluorescent lights led to a growth of 7.5 cm, while the LED lights resulted in 5 cm of growth, and
the natural sunlight only caused a growth of 3 cm. These findings suggest that the use of artificial
lights such as fluorescent and LED lights can be highly beneficial for the growth of Mustasa
(Brassica juncea) plants.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title ………………………………………………………………………… Page

Abstract …………………………………………………………………….

Table of Contents ………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………

Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………………………………...

The Hypothesis of the Study ………………………………………………………………………..

Scope and Delimitation ……………………………………………………………………………..

Significance of the Study …………………………………………………………………………...

Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………………………………………..

Conceptual Framework ……………………………………………………………………………..

Review of Related Literature ……………………………………………………………………….

Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER II. METHODOLOGY

Research Design …………………………………………………………………………………….

Research Locale …………………………………………………………………………………….

Research Instruments ……………………………………………………………………………….

Data Processing Method ……………………………………………………………………………

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Expected Output …………………………………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER III. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Section 1. (Based on SOP 1) ………………………………………………………………………..

Section 2. (Based on SOP 2) ………………………………………………………………………..

Section 3. (Based on SOP 3) ………………………………………………………………………..

Section 4. (Based on SOP 4) ………………………………………………………………………..

Section 5. (Based on SOP 5) ………………………………………………………………………..

Section 6. (Based on SOP 6) ………………………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER IV. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings ……………………………………………………………………………….

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………….

Recommendations …………………………………………………………………………………..

REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………….

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A. Photographs of the Product ………………………………………………………..

APPENDIX B. Photographs of the Material ……………………………………………………….

APPENDIX C. Photographs of the Product Construction ………………………………………….

APPENDIX D. Photographs of Product Testing ……………………………………………………

APPENDIX E. Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers ………………………………………………

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of Artificial Lights on Growing Brassica Juncea

Figure 1. Growth Development Graph of Brassica Juncea under Artificial Light and Natural
Sunlight within 6 days

Image 1: Mustasa (Brassica juncea) plant under LED

Image 2: Mustasa (Brassica juncea) plant under Fluorescent light

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Image 3: Mustasa (Brassica juncea) plant under LED

Image 4: Mustasa (Brassica juncea) plant under Fluorescent light

Image 5: Mustasa (Brassica juncea) plant under LED bulb

Image 6: Mustasa (Brassica juncea) plant under Fluorescent light

Image 7: Fluorescent light

Image 8: LED bulb

Image 9: Musta (Brassica juncea) seeds

Image 10: Woods/plywood

Image 11: Assembling the materials

Image 12: Beginning of construction

Image 13: Checking of wirings

Image 14: Installation of lights

Image 15: Covering

Image 16: Mustasa (Brassica juncea) under sunlight

Image 17: Mustasa (Brassica juncea) under Fluorescent light

Image 18: Mustasa (Brassica juncea) under LED bulb

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 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM & ITS BACKGROUND
The following sections are covered in this chapter: Introduction, Background of the
Study, Statement of the Problem, Objectives of the Study, Statement of Hypotheses, Significance
of the Study, Conceptual Framework, Theoretical Framework, Review of Related Literature, and
Definition of Terms.

Introduction
Vegetables are currently in high demand as people become more concerned with maintaining a healthy
lifestyle through the consumption of high-quality food. However, various issues, such as climate change, water
shortage, and soil issues, continue to impact global vegetable production. Moreover, agriculturists migrate to
cities in search of new jobs, causing the agriculturist population to decline. As a result, vegetable production
will be a major concern for future food security. Controlled environment cultures can produce more vegetables
of higher quality per unit while reducing losses or costs from weeds, fungi, bacteria, insects, water and nutrition
management, labor, and land area used. However, light is an important factor in a controlled environment.

In general, light is the primary energy source for photosynthesis and regulates growth and development.
In plants, pigment molecules absorb light wavelength ranges from 400 nm to 700 nm. This range is traditionally
referred to as photosynthetically-active radiation (Boulder Lamp, Inc. 2021). Plant growth and development are
also influenced by lighting quality. In most cases, plant production in a controlled environment system makes
use of an artificial light source. As a result, artificial lighting has become a topic of discussion in the vegetable
production industry. Grow lights are artificial lights designed specifically to encourage plant growth, which
means the lights emit the right colors (wavelengths) of light that optimizes healthy plant growth. And, yes, the
color of light does indeed affect plants. You can use LED, fluorescent, and other artificial lights. (Greenhouse
7
Today; March 2021) However, the various artificial light sources have distinct light properties that are better for
plant growth. For instance, fluorescent lighting has recently been used professionally to cultivate crops. In
Japan, fluorescent lighting is used in around 60% of plant factory farms (Shoji et al., 2013). On the other hand,
LED lamps are a novel light source for growing plants. Various types of LED can affect plant growth in terms
of quantity and quality, according to numerous studies (Ruangrak & Khummueng, 2019). Modern plant lighting
has centered on LED light sources; however, fluorescent lamps are still widely accessible and simple to operate.
They provide great lighting for small seedlings and plant starts. Fluorescent lights do not last as long as LEDs,
but they are less expensive and easier to install. Whether you utilize them vs LEDs depends on the light
requirements of your specific crop or plant indoors (Grant, 2022). There haven't been any research studies to
compare how various LED spectrum ratios affect Pechay (Brassica Juncea) growth in a controlled environment.
Therefore, this research aimed to investigate how artificial light sources like fluorescent and LED lighting affect
plant growth. Research on plants has advanced over the past 150 years by segmenting the problem into smaller,
more manageable pieces and focusing on one specific feature of a plant's form, structure, or function at the
expense of all others (Fankhauser and Chory, 2015). Selective solar light absorption is the primary mechanism
by which most terrestrial plants develop. In factories, artificial light is required for both indoor living
environments and as a supply of light power. Therefore, it is important to develop technologies that can manage
the lighting environment and offer efficient and affordable artificial lighting for plants. These methods consist
of vertical agriculture, growth chambers, and greenhouses. To replace or simulate outside settings, where full
spectral sunlight supplies energy for photosynthetic organisms as well as to boost production capacity,
supplementary light - such as fluorescent or light emitting diode (LED) has been created (Pattison PM, Tsao JY,
Krames MR, 2016). Protected plant farming will rely on this greater efficiency tunable artificial lighting to
enhance plant development. In this study, artificial lighting sources are used for indoor photosynthesis, as well
as a unique indoor plant lighting system that can function as an efficient light source.

This study aims to compare the optimum lighting options for the growth of Brassica Juncea and to
provide evidence that artificial light can be used to compensate for the absence of natural light. The researchers
will also know if the different artificial light has negative or beneficial impacts on Brassica Juncea. People or
entities will benefit from this research by proving that artificial light can provide plants with an adequate supply
of nutrients and energy. People can use this type of light to help their plants grow stronger and less damaged.
Plants can now be protected from the effects of natural disasters and pests by doing this method. Additionally,
there is now enough light for indoor plants to survive. People can also provide the right amount of light a plant
will need by managing the time it is exposed to artificial light.

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 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to create a comparative analysis of artificial lights on Brassica Juncea. This study will be
conducted at San Rafael, Bulacan. Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. How may the artificial lights be described in terms of:

1.1. types of artificial light,
1.2. power demands; and
1.3. time of exposure?
2. How may the plant growth be described in terms of:

2.1 length

2.2 time

3. What type of artificial light is best for growing plants?

4. Is there a significant difference in using fluorescent and LED lights on growing Brassica Juncea?
5. What recommendation can be derived from the study?

The Hypothesis of the Study

Is there a significant difference in using fluorescent and LED lights on growing Brassica Juncea?

The research hypothesis focuses on the development of Brassica Juncea using artificial light. In line
with this, light quantity and quality (spectral composition) influence plant development, and physiology
interacts with other environmental elements and cultivation variables to determine plant behavior. In the
complicated phenomena of photomorphogenesis, which is controlled by light hues, light provides energy for
photosynthesis and dictates precise signals that govern plant growth, shape, and metabolism.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference in using LED and Fluorescent light on
Growing Brassica Juncea.

Significance of the Study

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 This study titled Comparative Analysis of Artificial Lights on Growing Brassica juncea
aims to identify the applications of artificial lights and their effect on plant growth. The outcomes
of the study will be beneficial for:

Farmers

This output may benefit farmers by delineating spaces, beautifying environments,

increasing worker productivity, and serving as a substitute for sunlight.

Gardeners

This research will benefit gardeners by informing them about the efficacy of artificial lighting on
plant growth, making it simpler and easier for them to manage a food supply at home.

Society

Given that this study will provide knowledge about growing plants under artificial
lighting, it will be beneficial to society because it may encourage the creation of organizations
and seminars to assist farmers in developing this research. It is also possible to cultivate plants
under artificial lighting inside or in greenhouses, where they will be protected from severe
weather conditions such as heavy rain, excessive sun exposure, pests, etc.

Future researchers

The outcomes of this research will be definitively beneficial to future researchers as a

study may serve as one of the resources and references for their chosen future studies and
enhance its outcomes.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to show that Brassica Juncea, may grow well in environments without direct sunlight
when provided with artificial light.

Brassica Juncea will be used in this experiment. There will be two trials before the experiment is
completed. A 1600-lumen LED bulb is an equivalent brightness for the 23-watt CFL bulb that should be used
for growth area. The soil in both pots will be the same, with 5 Brassica Juncea in each and will be expose under
10
the light in 10 hours a day. This experiment will last for six (6) days and be carried out at the researcher's
residence in San Rafael, Bulacan.

Review of Related Literature

. This section provides an overview of literature relevant to the research on growing plants under
artificial lighting. In recent years, several researchers have done such investigations about artificial lighting.
This portion of the research includes relevant studies and literature on the preceding experiment.
Smart greenhouse farming has emerged as one of the answers to global food security, with agricultural
production controlled and enhanced continuously. While it is well documented that plant growth is strongly
reliant on the amount and quality of light exposure, the particular influence of the various light qualities is yet
unknown. (Ansar Hussain, 2021).

Among all the factors discussed in growing plants, it is well-recognized that light has a significant
impact on plant development and growth. As a result, light is one of the most essential aspects that must be
carefully regulated to achieve excellent output and production in a smart greenhouse farming setting. The vast
research on how to find efficient lighting qualities for maximum plant development that are relevant to smart
greenhouse farming provides proof of this. (Bian et al., 2021) identified photoperiod, light quality (colors), and
intensity as important light characteristics in controlling plant development in a review article. The authors also
explored the advancements and benefits of LED technology in promoting plant development in a controlled
setting.

Nonetheless, the examination of quantitative light characteristics for plant development is omitted owing to the
study's limited focus.

The impact of light on plant development has been subjected to extensive studies as evidenced by the
copious literature on this topic. Given the huge laborious and timely effort, many of those aforementioned
studies often could only consider a fraction of light property before making recommendations of the light input.
11
The researchers are particularly interested in determining if any further improvements in plant growth may be
obtained by including a broader range of light qualities and suggesting a quantitative range of light properties
with the added advantage of energy savings. (Pereira J, Mouazen AM, Foo M, Ahmed H, 2021).

Different light qualities elicit distinct physiological responses in plant growth, development, and
metabolism. The effects of Light – Emitting Diode (LED) treatment on growth and development, as well as the
nutritional components and flavor substances in Brassica Juncea, were researched under controlled settings to
investigate the influence of light quality.

A comparative study of growth characteristics and photosynthetic potential analysis in different growing
settings was conducted, with a special focus on plants growing in a controlled room under artificial lights. For
plants to grow and develop to their full potential, a good lighting environment is essential. Natural light
shortages in a particular place and time reduce plant productivity, resulting in substandard yields in both
quantity and quality. Various conventional light sources, such as fluorescent bulb, and light-emitting diode
(LED) has been used for plant lighting in greenhouses and controlled environment cultivation facilities over the
years (Agarwal A, Dutta Gupta S, 2016). However, these light sources have disadvantages such as fixed
spectrum output, high power demands, heat emission, and short life periods.

The use of artificial light sources in plant research demands a thorough understanding of the complexity
of artificial light, and its sources should closely resemble natural light. In the near future, the new technologies
offer opportunities for the economically efficient consumption of light energy for the horticultural cultivation of
crops both on Earth and in space with the potential to help support the expanding human population while also
maintaining outdoor, ecosystems, thereby contributing to Earth protection.

Definition of terms

In this study, the following is a comprehensive list of terminologies along with an

explanation of their applicability:

Brassica Juncea (Mustasa)- a plant that will be using in this study, commonly brown mustard, Chinese
mustard, Indian mustard, leaf mustard, Oriental mustard and vegetable mustard,

Lumen - is a scientific unit of luminous flux in the International System of Units (SI) that indicates the visible
light output of a light source.

12
Photomorphogenesis - development of form and structure in plants that are affected by light, other than that
occurring for photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis - is a mechanism plants and other organisms employ to transform light energy into chemical
energy for cellular respiration and other functions.

Photosynthetically-Active Radiation (PAR)- is the amount of light available for photosynthesis

Pigment molecules- is a generic term for a molecule that absorbs light and has a color.

Watt - symbol (W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI). It is used to
quantify the rate of energy transfer.

LED (light-emitting diode)- is a semiconductor device, which can emit light when an electric current passes through it.

Fluorescent Light- is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light.

Artificial light- is visible light generated by artificial light sources and usually also contains some IR and UV radiation,
as opposed to natural daylight (most LEDs do not contain IR and UV).

Power demand- is a measure of the average rate at which your home or business consumes electricity in a defined time
interval.

Time of exposure- refers to the amount of time a plant is exposed to light.

Theoretical framework

The research Comparative Analysis of Artificial Lights on Growth of Brassica juncea is

crucial since artificial light is necessary for our everyday light. Artificial light is important since
it is one of the technologies on which we rely largely because it enables us to work during
periods of low lighting and illuminates our nights. And this research demonstrated that plants are
living things and that humans also require light because it provides the energy necessary for
plants to produce the substances we require as well as the resources necessary for plants to grow.
In line with this, the investigation of photosynthesis served as the basis for this work. Plants
engage in the process of photosynthesis when the light energy from sunshine is converted into
chemical energy. Plants' pigments make it possible for them to carry out the process of
photosynthesis. During the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll, and carotenoids all work to
absorb light. The range of wavelengths between 400 and 700 nanometers is optimal for
13
photosynthesis in plants. Photosynthesis can take place under artificial light as long as the plant is
subjected to the appropriate wavelength of light. The process of photosynthesis works best with
artificial lights that have a greater proportion of red and blue wavelengths. (Eclipse of the Sun on
Earth, March 2022).

Conceptual Framework

The figure below shows the conceptual framework of this study.

Independent Variable (IV) Dependent Variable (DV)

Growth of
Artificial Light
Brassica juncea

Figure 1. Comparative Analysis of Artificial Lights on the Growth of Brassica juncea

The figure above shows that we used artificial light as the independent variable that will
be the source of energy to grow the Brassica juncea, the dependent variable. The two different
artificial lights will be used to make the comparative analysis of the growth of Brassica juncea.

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 CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the following sections: Research Design, Research Locale,
Research Instruments, Data Processing, and Expected Output.

Research Design

Since the researchers will gather their data on a larger scale, this study will take a quantitative
approach. The quasi-experimental comparative research design was selected to determine the cause and effect of
artificial light as a substitute for sunlight for plant growth and the variable of interest which is the cannot or
should not be manipulated.
The researchers will locate additional relevant studies that can serve as a foundation for their
investigation. The primary goal of this study is to gather data and knowledge regarding the role of artificial light
in plant growth. The researchers will arrange the information and data they have gathered according to
importance; all pertinent information that can be used will be set aside, and the irrelevant information and data
will be eliminated.

Research Locale

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 This study will be carried out in the vicinity of the researcher's home in San Rafael,
Bulacan. The researchers will grow Brassica juncea in a dark room with two (2) artificial lights;
Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) and fluorescent, observe them, and collect data from this study.

Research Instruments

In this study, the researchers used observation and recording of the consisting subject
which gathered the data and the effect using artificial light such as the time of exposure, length of
the plants, etc.

Data Processing

Since the study aims to see the effect of using artificial light on the growth of Brassica
juncea, the results are a comparison of the physical observation seen on the plant as it grew in
different sources of light. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in this study such as
Distribution and ANOVA tests.

The Distribution - is a summary of the frequency of individual values or ranges of values

for a variable. The simplest distribution would list every value of a variable and the number of
persons who had each value.

ANOVA Test - is a statistical test used to analyze the difference between the means of
more than two groups.

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 .

CHAPTER 3
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the findings, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered. The data is presented in
a tabulated form and graph for analysis. This chapter will answer the questions of the study and aims to create a
comparative analysis of artificial lights on Brassica Juncea plant.

1. How may the artificial lights be described in terms of:

The presentation below shows that the Artificial lights can be describe in terms of;
Table 1
Growth Development of Brassica Juncea Under the Artificial Lights within 6 days

Plant under Plant under

Days Hours
fluorescent
17
 light (cm) LED light
(Cm)
1 10 0 0
2 10 0 0
3 10 0 0
4 10 3 2
5 10 7 4
6 10 7.5 5

1.1 types of artificial light,

The types of artificial lights used by the researchers are fluorescent light and LED light.
1.2 power demands; and
The researchers used 9 watts of LED light same with the fluorescent light, to accurately record
and analyze the effect of using the artificial lights to the development of Brassica Juncea plant.

1.3 time of exposure?

The researchers have tested the artificial lights and natural sunlight through growing Brassica
Juncea plant, 10 hours of exposure each day to the different source of lights for the span of 6 days.

2. How may the plant growth be described in terms of:

18
 Figure 1. Growth Development Graph of Brassica Juncea Under Artificial Light within 6 days

2.1 length
The graph in Figure 1 shows the difference in the development of the Brassica Juncea plant
under two artificial lights and with natural sunlight. The graph also shows how the height of the plant
grows as it is exposed to the three different light sources. After day four of exposure the plant under
fluorescent light grew 3cm, the one under LED light grew for about 2cm and the one under natural
sunlight grew for about 1cm. The next day the plant under fluorescent light has shown significant
growth from 3cm it became 7cm, with LED light it grew 1cm from day 4, while for natural sunlight
it grew for about 1.5 cm from day 4. After 6 days the growth of the plant under fluorescent light
compared to day 5 is 0.5cm, for LED light it grew consistently for about 1cm compared to the
previous day and for natural sunlight same with fluorescent it grew for 0.5cm compared to the
previous day.
2.2 rapid development
The plant under fluorescent light shows a significant development as days pass by and next to it
is the plant under LED light and last is the plant under natural sunlight after 6 days of exposing the
plant for about 10 hours every day.

3. What type of artificial light is best for growing plants?

From the data gathered after 6 days of exposure to fluorescent light and LED lights, the plant under
fluorescent light has shown significant development after exposing it for 10 hours every day for the past 6
19
 days than the LED light. The plant after 6 days under fluorescent light is about 7.5cm in height while the
plant under LED light after 6 days is only about 5cm in height with 2cm difference between them.

4. Is there a significant difference in using fluorescent and LED lights on growing Brassica Juncea?
There is a significant difference in using fluorescent and LED lights on growing Brassica Juncea plant.
The data above shows that after 6 days of light exposure, 10 hours each day the plant under fluorescent light
grew up to 7cm in height while the plant under LED light has grown about 5cm. .

Figure 2. Anova test

5. What recommendation can be derived from the study?

The researchers found that there is a significant effect when using artificial light in growing Brassica
Juncea, this will help people to grow their plants indoor without worrying if their plants is receiving enough
light to grow. This will also help avoid plants that are grown indoors to be moved every morning from
inside the house outdoor for it to get the sunlight it should have to grow.

To further analyze the effect of artificial lights like fluorescent light and LED lights, the researchers
recommended to test it for about two weeks at most, to gather more data and be able to see the rate at which the
plant grow using fluorescent light and LED light

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 CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The study evaluated the effects of artificial lighting on the growth of Brassica juncea. To
establish the direction of the investigation, a quasi-experimental research methodology was used.
The data for this study was acquired through observation. The information gathered was
summarized using regression analysis.

Summary of Findings

- Researchers conducted a study to examine the impact of fluorescent light and LED light on
the growth of Mustasa (Brassica juncea) plants. Both types of artificial lights were used at a
power of 9 watts, similar to the fluorescent light. The experiment involved subjecting the
plants to 10 hours of daily exposure to either artificial lights or natural sunlight over a period
of 6 days.

- The data shows that Mustasa (Brassica juncea) plants are grown under fluorescent light, LED
light, and natural sunlight over a 6-day period. By day 4, the plant under fluorescent light had
grown 3cm, while the one under LED light grew 2cm, and the one under natural sunlight
grew 1.5cm. By the end of the 6-day period, the plant under fluorescent light had grown an
additional 0.5cm compared to day 5, while the plant under LED light showed consistent
growth of around 1cm per day. Overall, the plant under fluorescent light exhibited the most
substantial development.
Problem 3: What type of artificial light is best for growing plants?
- The data gathered after 6 days of exposure to fluorescent light and LED lights showed that
the plant under fluorescent light had significantly more growth than the plant under LED
light. After 6 days, the plant under fluorescent light was 7.5cm taller than the plant under
LED light, with a 2cm difference.

21
Problem 4: Is there a significant relationship between using artificial light in growing
plants?
- The result of the experiment shows that Mustasa (Brassica juncea) has a quick growth when
exposed to artificial lights. It is observed that it has a rapid development when Mustasa
(Brassica juncea) is under the artificial light than the natural sunlight
Problem 5: Is there a significant difference in using fluorescent and LED lights on growing
Brassica juncea?
- The outcome demonstrates that growing Mustasa (Brassica juncea) under LED or fluorescent
light differs significantly. According to the findings, Mustasa (Brassica juncea) under
fluorescent light grew to a height of 7 cm after 6 days of exposure (10 hours per day),
whereas the plant under LED light only grew to a height of 5 cm
Problem 6: What recommendation can be derived from the study?
- Mustasa (Brassica juncea) can be grown indoors without fearing that it won't get enough light
to grow. Additionally, this will save the need to carry indoor plants outside each morning so
they may receive the sunlight they require to develop. The researchers advise testing it for no
longer than two weeks in order to get more data and be able to observe the rate at which the
plant grows under fluorescent and LED light. This will allow you to further study the impacts
of artificial lighting such as fluorescent and LED lights.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that growing plants under artificial light could help people by
reducing the amount of products we need on a daily basis and increasing the amount of products
we can grow. Artificial light gardening also benefits people because it enables plants to grow
indoors in almost any environment and meets our daily needed for food, shelter, clothing, and
medicine. Our rapid growth had an impact on our way of life because it led to rising income,
urbanization, and a shortage of necessities. Planting is essential to our daily lives, whether it is
indoors or outdoors. It replenishes our energy. The researcher discovered that artificial lights can
help with plant growth especially inside and during the cold season when day duration and light
intensity drop. Light intensity affects the production of plant food, stem length, leaf color, and
flowering. Plants cultivated in low light are typically spindly with light green leaves. An identical

22
 plant growing in direct sunlight has shorter, better branches and larger, dark green leaves. The
plant got higher as the amount of light increased. However, we have to consider the intensity of
the light because too much heat might cause the plant to wilt, especially in the early stages of
growth. In this study, the plant was grown in a controlled setting for six days but wilted due to a
lack of oxygen and the intensity of the light, yet plants do grow under artificial lights.

Recommendations

1. To avoid wilt during the process, the researchers recommended selecting lower lumens for the
mustasa plant.
2. Researcher’s advice keeping the soil moist and providing enough water to the plants.
3. Other artificial lights with red and blue hues can be beneficial to plant growth.
4. This research can also be conducted on any type of vegetable. The study's potential is recognized
by the researchers as being advantageous in the future.
5. The researchers recommended testing it for no more than two weeks to collect more data and see
the entire plant's growth.

23
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Authors: Theoharis Ouzounis1, Eva Rosenqvist2, and Carl-Otto Ottosen3

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Light and Plant Growth

Author: J.W Hart

Light and Plant Growth - J.W. Hart - Google Books [https://scholar.google.com]

Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Blueberry in a Controlled Room under Artificial Light

Author: Thanda Aung, Yukinari Muramatsu, Naomi Horiuchi, Jingai Che, Yuya Mochizuki, Isao
Ogiwara

Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Blueberry in a Controlled Room under Artificial Light
(jst.go.jp) [https://scholar.google.com]

Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary metabolism

Author: Eva Darko, Parisa Heydarizadeh, Benoît Schoefs and Mohammad R. Sabzalian

Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary metabolism |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
(royalsocietypublishing.org) [https://scholar.google.com]

Artificial Light: Experimental Problems with Insects

Author: E. J. Shields

Artificial Light: Experimental Problems with Insects | American Entomologist | Oxford

Academic (oup.com) [https://scholar.google.com]

Can Plants Photosynthesize with Artificial light? | Earth Eclipse

24
Author: Jan Ingenhousz

https://eartheclipse.com/science/biology/can-plants-photosynthesize-with-artificial-light.html
[https://scholar.google.com]

Photosynthesis under Artificial Light: The shift in Primary and Secondary Metabolism

Author: Eva Darko, Parisa Heydarizadeh, Benoît Schoefs, and Mohammad R. Sabzalian

Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary metabolism - PMC
(nih.gov) [https://scholar.google.com]

Effects of Artificial Light sources on Growth and Phytochemicals content in green oak lettuce

Author: Weeraya Khummueng

SciELO - Brazil - Effects of artificial light sources on growth and phytochemicals content in
green oak lettuce Effects of artificial light sources on growth and phytochemicals content in
green oak lettuce [https://scholar.google.com]

25
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: Photographs of the Product

Image 1 Image 2

Image 3 Image 4

Image 5 Image 6

26
APPENDIX B: Photographs of the Material

Image 6

Image 8
Image 7

Image 9
27
APPENDIX C: Photographs of Product Construction

Image 10 Image 11

Image 12 Image 13

Image 14

28
APPENDIX D: Photographs of the Product Testing

Sunlight

Fluorescent light Light-emitting Diode (LED) bulb

29
APPENDIX E: Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data

NAME : DAVE ANDREW MANIEGO MOYA

ADDRESS : 862 Sulukan St, Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan

CONTACT NO. : 09423965894

DATE OF BIRTH : August 4, 2005

PLACE OF BIRTH : Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan

CIVIL STATUS : Single

Personal Attainment

Secondary : Our Lady of Mt. Carmel College

Sabang, Baliwag, Bulacan
2017-2021

Elementary : Caingin Elementary School

Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan
2011-2017
Organizations

Number Crunchers Club : Grade 12 Representative

2022-2023

Science Club : Grade 12 Member

2022-2023

30
 Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data

NAME : ASHLY KEIL CABRAL BESA

ADDRESS : Purok 3 Sampaloc, San Rafael, Bulacan

CONTACT NO. : 09974623196

DATE OF BIRTH : September 27, 2004

PLACE OF BIRTH : Baliuag, Bulacan

CIVIL STATUS : Single

Personal Attainment

Secondary : San Rafael National Trade School

Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan
2017-Present

Elementary : Tambubong Elementary School

Tambubong, San Rafael, Bulacan
2011-2017

31
 Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data

NAME : JOHNNA BANTILLO MANITE

ADDRESS : 1501 JY. Viceo St., Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan

CONTACT NO. : 09613033945

DATE OF BIRTH : September 04, 2003

PLACE OF BIRTH : Malolos City, Bulacan

CIVIL STATUS : Single

Personal Attainment

Secondary : San Rafael National Trade School

Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan
2021-Present

Our Lady of Mt. Carmel College

Rio Vista Subdivision, Sabang, Baliwag, Bulacan
2018-2021

Baliuag University
1069 Gil Carlos St., Baliwag, Bulacan
2016-2017

Elementary :Caingin Ecumenical School

Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan
2010-2016

32
 Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data

NAME : MALVIN ROY DEL ROSARIO GARAY

ADDRESS : 1668 Viceo St, Caingin San Rafael, Bulacan

CONTACT NO. : 09310702778

DATE OF BIRTH : January 26, 2005

PLACE OF BIRTH : Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan

CIVIL STATUS : Single

Personal Attainment

Secondary : San Rafael National Trade School

Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan
2017-2023

Elementary : Caingin Elementary School

Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan
2011-2017
Organizations

Senior Scout : Senior Scout member

2018-2023

Red Cross Youth Club : Red Cross Youth member

2018-2019

School Varsity : Table Tennis Player

2016-2023

33
 Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data
NAME : HELEN DEL POSO TIROL
ADDRESS : 764 purok 4 Luwasan, Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan
CONTACT NO. : 09203162220
DATE OF BIRTH : October 02, 2004
PLACE OF BIRTH : Baliuag, Bulacan
CIVIL STATUS : Single

Personal Attainment

Secondary : San Rafael National Trade School

Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan
2017-2023

Elementary : Baliuag South Central School

Baliuag, Bulacan
2011-2017

34