Goofball Grammar FREE Edition by CEPI
Goofball Grammar FREE Edition by CEPI
Goofball Grammar FREE Edition by CEPI
GRAMMAR
Making Grammar Easy for CSS
& PMS Goofs
by
Dr. Noor ul Huda
(5th Position, CSS 2021)
GOOFBALL
GRAMMAR
Making Grammar Easy for CSS
& PMS Goofs
by
Dr. Noor ul Huda
(5th Position, CSS 2021)
Copyright: CEPI Pakistan
WhatsApp: 0321-1114880
Chap
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
pters
Noun
Apostrophe
Pronoun
Tenses
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Articles
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Parellelism
Active & Passive Voice
Direct & Indirect Narration
Chap
14
15
16
17
pters
Usage of Confusingly
Similar Words
Keys
Further Reading
THANK YOU FOR
TRUSTING US!
NOUN
Chapter 1: Noun
By definition, name of a person, place, thing,
quality, phenomenon, idea, concept, etc. is called
a “noun”.
-Shakespeare
Concrete nouns are names of physical objects,
places, or individuals: things or people, basically
any thing that can be observed with the senses;
Common Compound
Proper
Countable
Uncountable
Types of Nouns
two types:
B. Collective Nouns:
1.Countable nouns:
A collective noun is a word referring to a
Countable nouns can be counted in numbers collection or GROUP of things taken as a whole.
AND also have a plural form,
e.g. army, group, herd, band, class, swarm, etc.
e.g. chair, table etc.
And finally,
2.Uncountable Nouns:
C. Compound noun:
In English grammar, some things are seen as a
whole or mass. These are called uncountable A noun formed by more than one word.
nouns, because they cannot be separated or
counted in numbers, e.g. Shop-keeper, brother-in-law, watch-man, fruit
juice, etc.
e.g. water, milk, stars, sand particles, hair,
research, etc. 1.2 PRACTICAL USAGE OF NOUNS:
NOTE: Uncountable nouns should NEVER be While using a noun, the major focus should be
preceded by an article (a, an, the) or a number, on its SINGULAR or PLURAL status:
and they CANNOT be pluralised!
What is meant by using a noun as singular or
TIDBIT: Interestingly, the word money is not a countable noun, plural?
TIDBIT: the word “money”
becauseInterestingly, the word
behavesmoney is notway
in the same a countable
as other
noun, because
uncountable nounsthe
likeword
water,“money” behaves
sand, equipment, in the
air, and luck,same
and To be used as singular means to use noun with
way as other uncountable nouns
so it has no plural form.like water, sand, singular verbs: is, was, has, does, and 1" form of
equipment, air, and luck, and so it has no plural form. verb with s/es
You wouldn’t say "I have five money”, rather, you would say "I
You wouldn’t say have"Ifive
have five money”, rather, you would
dollars/rupees/pounds." To be used as plural means to use noun with plural
say "I have five dollars/rupees/pounds." verbs: are, were, have, and 1st form without s/es.
(ii). Proper Nouns: Let’s jump on to the exam-worthy rules that you
need to remember!
As the word “proper” suggests, these are the
names of a specific person, place or thing;
1.3 THE TWELVE COMMANDMENTS OF
NOUNS:
e.g. Dr. Noor ul Huda, Pakistan, The Holy
Quran, CEPI, etc.
1.The Single Minglers:
NOTE: Proper nouns are always capitalised to
distinguish them from common nouns. A. Some nouns are ALWAYS used in
singular form. Remember the following
,
,
“Chess” - A Deceptive Noun “Measles”
(& a deceptive game) A Deceptive Noun
, ,
Chess is (not are) an interesting game. are singular, but are always used as
Gender studies is (not are) best taught at plural. Remember the following nouns
CEPI. in this category:
TIDBIT:
TIDBIT: News Newsaissingular!
is also also a singular! Vermin, poultry, peasantry, clergy, police, swarm,
offspring, elite, folk, people, cattle, gentry
C. Speaking of deception, also
remember these miscellaneous words MEME-WORTHY: Playboy B)
that are ALWAYS used as singulars:
e.g.
gallows, checkers, molasses, ashes, shambles, The cattle are (not is) grazing.
innings, summons, tidings, alms, series, ethics, The police are (not is) coming.
politics, athletics, etc. The poultry in her farm were (not was) very
weak.
D. Similarly, collective nouns are also The swarm have been (not has been)
generally used as singulars, attacking the people.
If the collective noun doesn’t give singular sense, My glasses are (not is) very precious
it is called Noun of Multitude. Binoculars are (not is) used to see distant
objects.
While a collective noun denotes one undivided
group, it becomes a noun of multitude when the
members of that group give a separate or
individual sense. Noun of Multitude is used as
plural; e.g.
3. AM I SINGLE OR TAKEN?
n Turkiye.”
Air – atmosphere Custom – a traditional and widely accepted way
Airs – behaving arrogantly of behaving or doing something that is specific to
a particular society, place, or time.
e.g. Customs – the official department that
administers and collects the duties levied by a
The air in Lahore is quite polluted. government on imported goods.
Faria has put on airs after getting allocated in
PAS. e.g.
Blind – unable to see because of injury, disease, Making kunefe on Eid day is a common
or a congenital condition. custom in Turkiye.
Blinds – a screen for a window, especially one on The Customs department should be free of
a roller or made of slats. corruption.
e.g.
Workers of the
The quality of these oranges is not good.
world, unite!
The energy of the players is (not are) sky
high.
A group of demonstrators was (not were)
marching.
Dozens of students have failed.
His only hope is (not are) his parents.
Your secret to success was (not were) your
books.
The talents of a gentleman are numerous.
9. JUST A FRACTION:
The poor (not poors) should be helped by the Finally, the Masculine Gender is often applied to
rich (not riches) objects remarkable for strength and violence, e.g.
The elderly (not elderlies) are going on a
pilgrimage. The Sun, Summer, Winter, Time,
Fortune favours the brave (not braves) Death,Hurricane, etc.
.
11. THE QUANTITIES: The sun sheds his beams on rich and poor
alike.
Consider the following two expressions! “The
number of” takes singular verb, whereas, “a Whereas, the Feminine Gender is sometimes
number of” takes plural verb, e.g. applied to objects remarkable for beauty,
gentleness, and gracefulness; e.g.
A number of Baloch people are missing.
A number of new articles were introduced in The Moon, the Earth, Spring, Autumn, Nature,
CEPI BookShop. Liberty, Justice, Mercy, Peace, Hope, Charity;
Likewise,
1.What is the content of this book? 2. Measles have caused him illness.
2. The data you provided is incorrect. 3. The circumstance is not in his favour.
5. What wages (is/are) given to labourers in this 6. The lady is buying furnitures.
factory?
7. The boy gave many abuses to his friend.
6. I saw deers in the zoo.
8. This old man is famous for his honesties.
7. The council was unable to converge on single
point. 9. I don’t like his behaviours.
10.Cattle is grazing in the field. 12. We should always help the poors.
11.Equipments purchased for the lab is of 13. Her (hair/hairs) (is/are) grey.
inferior quality.
14. Riches are contributing funds for flood
12.Seeing the accident, he lost his wit. stricken areas.
13.Five hundreds people were watching the 15. Rearing of cattles is a common tradition in
match. our rural areas.
Choose the correct sentence: 6. a) The staff were busy in performing different
duties
1. a) Inzamam’s innings made Pakistan win the b)The staff was busy in performing different
match. duties.
b) Inzamam’s inning made Pakistan win the c) The staff is busy in performing different
match. duties.
c) Inzamam’s innings made Pakistan win the d) The staffs was busy in performing different
match. duties.
d) Inzamam’s innings make Pakistan win the
match. 7. a) All your advices fell flat on him.
b) All your pieces of advices fell flat on him
2. a) Does measles cause acute illness? c) All your pieces of advise fell flat on him.
b) Does measles causes acute illness? d) All your pieces of advices fell flat on him.
c) Do measles caused acute illness?
d) Do measles cause acute illness? 8. a) The peasantry in Pakistan leads a poor life.
b) The peasantry in Pakistan lead a poor life.
3. a) The four dozens of eggs you purchased, all c)The peasantry in Pakistan led a poor life.
are rotten. d) The peasantries in Pakistan leads a poor life.
b) The four dozens of egg you purchased, all are
rotten. 9. a) My family members are quite religious.
c)The four dozen of eggs you purchased, all are b) Member of my family are quite religious.
rotten. c) Members of my family are quite religious.
d) The four dozen of eggs you purchased, all is d) My family members is quite religious.
rotten.
10. a) The glasses that were purchased yesterday
4. a) A cloth with fifteen meter length are are very expensive.
sufficient to make a curtain. b) The glasses that was purchased yesterday is
b) A cloth with fifteen meters length is sufficient very expensive.
to make a curtain. c) The glass that was purchased yesterday are
c) A cloth with fifteen meter length is sufficient very expensive.
to make a curtain. d) The glasses that was purchased yesterday is
d) A cloth with fifteen meters length sufficient to very expensive.
make a curtain.
HURRAY! YOU MADE IT! one CHAPTER
5. a) The clergy, in Christian world, keeps no real DOWN!. TIME TO PAT YOURSELF ON
importance now. THE BACK!
b) The clergy, in Christian world, keep no real
importance now.
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