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INTRODUCTION:
SPSS, which stands for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, is a software program used for
statistical analysis and data management. Developed by IBM, SPSS provides a wide range of
capabilities for analyzing and interpreting quantitative data in various fields, including social sciences,
health sciences, business, and more.
Originally designed for social science research, SPSS has evolved into a versatile tool used by
researchers, analysts, and organizations worldwide.
AIM: The aim of SPSS is to provide a user-friendly platform for statistical analysis, data management,
and visualization to facilitate decision-making and research across various fields.
WHAT IS SPSS:
SPSS stands for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. It's a software program used for statistical
analysis in social science and other fields. SPSS allows researchers to analyze data, perform statistical
tests, and create visualizations to interpret results. It's widely used in academic research, market
research, and various industries for data analysis.
SPSS, developed by IBM, is a comprehensive statistical software package that offers a wide range of
capabilities for data management and analysis. Some key features include:
1. DATA MANAGEMENT: SPSS allows users to import, manipulate, and organize data from various
sources, including spreadsheets, databases, and other statistical software.
2. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: It provides a vast array of statistical procedures for descriptive statistics,
hypothesis testing, regression analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and more.
3. DATA VISUALISATION: SPSS offers tools for creating various types of charts, graphs, and plots to
visually represent data and findings.
4. AUTOMATION: Users can automate repetitive tasks and analyses using syntax or programming
capabilities within SPSS.
5. INTEGRATION: SPSS can integrate with other software packages and programming languages such
as R and Python for advanced analysis and customization.
Overall, SPSS is widely used by researchers, analysts, and practitioners in fields such as social
sciences, healthcare, marketing, finance, and education for data-driven decision-making and
research purposes
REQUIREMENTS:
• Laptop (preferably processor running at 1 GHz. or higher,

1 GB RAM as more, minimum
800 MB free drive spaces, Microsoft Windows XP 32 - bit or Vista and 7)
● SPSS _software
WHAT ARE THE PROCEDURES OF SPSS:
SPSS INSTALLATION GUIDE:
First, check the system requirements on the SPSS Statistics page. Choose the option for your
computer's operating system and see what you need. Then, go to the SPSS website in your
browser to download the software. Start with the free trial version of SPSS.
OPENING SPSS:
To open SPSS, you typically follow these steps:
1. Locate the SPSS icon: Look for the SPSS icon on your desktop or in your applications folder.
2. Double click the icon: Double-click on the icon to launch the SPSS software.
3. Wait for the program to load: Depending on your computer's speed, it may take a few
moments for SPSS to load.
4. Choose data source: Once SPSS is open, you can choose to open an existing data file or start
with a new one.
5. Begin analysis: Once you have your data loaded, you can start your analysis by entering data
directly, importing data from other sources, or running statistical procedures.
If you encounter any issues during the opening process, ensure that your SPSS installation is correctly
configured and that your computer meets the system requirements for running SPSS.
Layout of SPSS:
Data editor: The data editor window is the default window and opens when SPSS starts. This window
displays the content of any open data files and provides drop down menus that allows you to modify
and analyse data. The data are displayed in a spreadsheet format where columns represent variables
and rows represent cases. The spreadsheet format includes two tabs at the bottom labelled DATA
VIEW and VARIABLE VIEW. The tabs that is currently displayed will be yellow in colour.
DATA VIEW: This is where you enter and view your actual data. Each row represents an individual
case or observation, and each column represents a variable.
VARIABLES VIEWS: This is where you define the characteristics of your variables, such as their
names, labels, types (numeric, string, etc.), and measurement levels (nominal, ordinal, scale).
 Name: It is a column field that accepts a unique ID that helps in sorting the
data. Some of the parameters for sorting data are name, gender, sex,
educational qualification, designation, etc.
 Label: It gives the label and allows you to add special characters.
 Type: It is useful to differentiate the type of data that is being used.
 Width: The length of the characters can be measured here.
 Decimal: It helps us understand how to define the digits required after the
decimal.
 Value: The user enters the value here.
 Missing: Data that is unnecessary for analysis will be ignored.
 Align: As the name suggests, it is for alignment-left or right.
 Measure: It measures the data that is being entered in the tools, such as
cardinal, ordinal, and nominal.
SPSS MENUS AND ICON:
Now, let’s review the menus and icons. Review the options listed under each menu on the
Menu Bar by clicking them one at a time. Follow along with the below descriptions.
● New: Opening a new SPSS file (it includes New Data, Syntax, Output, Draft Output
and script)
● Open: Opening an existing SPSS file (It Includes Open Data, Syntax, Output, and
Script)
● Import: Data Under Import we have Database; Excel; CSV Data; Text Data; SAS;
Stata; Conos Business Intelligence; Cognos TM1.
● General open
● Close: dozing an opened file
● Save: Saving a file
● Save As: Saving a file by choosing different file type
● Save all Data: Saving all existing data on the file
● Save Restore Points
● Export to Database: exporting current existing file. To database
● Mark File Read Only: Marking a file as Read Only
● Revert to Saved File
● Rename Dataset: renaming a file
● Display Data File Information: displaying the information of existing data file (It includes Working
File and external file)
● Print Preview: viewing current file for printing

● Print: printing current SPSS file
● Welcome Dialog
● Recently Used Data: viewing recently used data
● Recently Used file: viewing recently weed files
● Manage License
● Exit: exiting current SPSS file
Edit has various options like (Figure 2)

• Undo undoing an entered data or value
● Redo Set Cell Value: adding value again
● Cut: cutting data
● Copy - copying data
● Copy with Variable Names
● Copy with Variable Labels
● Paste - pasting data
● Paste Variables - pasting variables
● Paste with variable names
● clear: clearing data
● insert Variables: inserting existing variables
● Insert Cases: inserting existing cases
● Search Data Files
● Find - finding data or variable
● Find Next
● Replace
● Go to case: finding a particular case
● Go to Variable
● Go to Imputation
● Options: various options like output labels, charts, scripts, etc. can be found:

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INTRODUCTION:

• Laptop (preferably processor running at 1 GHz. or higher,

WHAT ARE THE PROCEDURES OF SPSS:

SPSS INSTALLATION GUIDE:

To open SPSS, you typically follow these steps:

SPSS MENUS AND ICON:

● Print Preview: viewing current file for printing

Edit has various options like (Figure 2)

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