Chapter 1 Real Numbers (JNV)

CLASS – X
LESSON PLAN
CHAPTER-1: REAL NUMBERS
Unit Number Systems ( Chapter -1 : Real Numbers)

Class Total: 14 periods (approx. 40 min each)
Transaction
Pre-requisite for This lesson requires
the course 1. Basic knowledge of rational and irrational numbers.
2. Knowledge of conversion of rational numbers into decimal
notation and vice versa.
3. Knowledge of prime factorization of natural numbers.
Assessment of 1. Written test
qualifying 2. Lab activity
3. HW notebook
knowledge
Objective Students would be able to understand the co-relation of rational and
irrational numbers and new methods of finding out LCM and HCF of
numbers, thereby inculcating competencies like collaboration, critical
thinking
Learning KNOWLEDGE- Students will know and understand
Outcomes
1. Euclid’s division lemma
2. Euclid’s division algorithm
3. Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
4. Revisiting irrational numbers
5. Rational numbers and their decimal expansion
SKILLS- Students will

1. Develop conceptual understanding to apply algorithm, Euclid’s
division lemma and Euclid’s division
algorithm in daily life problems through the co-relation between
them.
2. Apply the theorems and and analyze the results
3. Find out HCF and LCM of real numbers through different
methods
4. Prove irrational nature of irrational numbers by developing
critical thinking
5. Find out decimal expansions of rational numbers in
collaboration which will help them in polynomials the next
chapter.
Transaction Transaction would proceed in the following manner-

Methodology Strategies Used : Brain Storming, Inductive and Deductive Learning,
Muddiest Point Discussion, Think Pair and Share, Inquiry based learning
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(The teacher Think Pair and Share: In this activity, students think about a particular
can use the question individually, then they form pairs to discuss their answers.
Following this, the results are shared in a large classroom discussion.
mentioned
Alternatively, two pairs of students can pair up to compare and discuss
techniques, answers. This process forces students to think individually, and then
wherever allows them to analyze and clarify their response collaboratively.
applicable, and
can use any Brain Storming: In this activity, students are asked to generate ideas on a
other too.) certain topic, category or question while facilitator facilitate and record the
answers on the board.
Inquiry Based Learning: Inquiry-based learning uses different
approaches to learning, including small-group discussion and guided
learning. Instead of memorizing facts and material, students learn by
doing. This allows them to build knowledge through exploration,
experience, and discussion.
Inductive and Deductive Learning: In Inductive type students proceed
from particular to general statement(example to formula) and in
Deductive type students proceed from general to particular. Students are
given formula and they solve problems using them.
Muddiest Point: Check comprehension and identify confusion, what

was most confusing about the material?
Brain Storming-The class would start with a discussion on what the

students have already learnt in the previous classes and hence what is it
that they would learn now. They would also be told the significance of
the topic that they would be studying.
Introduction of the topic- ppt and Digital Content would be shared
Guided practice followed by Independent Practice- NCERT questions to

be discussed in the classroom.
Techniques to be used:
Quiz
Daily Practice Problem
MCQ
Peer Assessment
Case Studies
Lab Activities
Any Other
Resources Text Book:

NCERT text book for Mathematics
Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar

Self Study, Independent Practice: Students would do some questions from NCERT
Home Work, and Exemplar in their H.W notebooks
HW notebooks to be marked as per the given plan:
Assignments
Assessment Parameters: The total marks for the activity is 5 marks
On time submission………………………………1 mark
Presentation/ Neatness……………………………1 mark
Content……….………………………………......3 marks
Assessments Through Pen Paper Test Students will be assessed creatively and
critically
3 UNIT TESTS (20, 30, 30) 80 Marks

MID TERM EXAMINATION 80 Marks
HALF YEARLY EXAMINATION 80 Marks
PRE BOARD-I EXAMINATION 80 Marks
PRE BOARD-II EXAMINATION 80 Marks
ANNUAL BOARD EXAMINATION 80 Marks
PERIODIC TEST
Average of the best two tests to be taken that will have a weightage of 10
marks.
Best 2 Tests out of: Units tests, Midterm examination, Half Yearly
examination.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 20 Marks

• Periodical Test 10 Marks
• Note Book Submission 05 Marks
• Lab Practical (Subject Enrichment ) 05 Marks
• Through lab Practical Students are assessed for Collaboration,
Character building, Character Building
Addressing Due to various social backgrounds and multiple intelligences, the
Classroom classroom might be a diverse arena. The following techniques can be
used for various groups:
Diversity
For gifted students:
• High order thinking questions from NCERT Exemplar
For weak students:

• Buddy help to be provided
• Provide grade-up classes
For differently abled students:

• Ignore spelling mistakes and formulae, if not written
• Call parents at regular intervals
• Provide grade-up classes

Marks The weightage would be given by CBSE.
Assessment Q1 Use Euclid’s division lemma to find HCF of 10224 and 9648.
Questions Q2 Find HCF and LCM of 18 and 45 and verify the relationship.
Q3 Show that 8n can not end with the digit zero for any natural number n
Q4 Prove that 7 - 2√2 is irrational.
Q5 In a seminar, the number of participants in Hindi, English and
Mathematics are 60, 84 and 108 respectively. Find the minimum number
of rooms required if in each room the same number of participants are to
be seated and all of them being in the same subject.

DAY ONE
Objective Enhance ability to accurately recognize and use appropriate
terminology related to numbers and developing the art of
communication and critical thinking.
Assessment of Quiz and knowledge testing on rational numbers and their operations.
qualifying
knowledge
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- Students will know and rewrite long division process
in lemma form.
SKILLS and COMPETENCIES Students would be able to Reason

effectively and critically correlate the long division process with
Euclid’s Division Lemma

Methodology Anticipatory Set: 10 min
(The teacher can Facilitator will ask few questions to introduce the topic
use the mentioned • What are rational numbers?
techniques, • What are irrational numbers?
wherever
• What are these numbers together called?
applicable, and can
use any other too.) • How to convert rational numbers into decimal notation?
Strategies Used: Inquiry based learning, Think Pair and share
Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15 min

Inquiry based learning (Critical Thinking and Problem Solving)
Students would be asked to rewrite the long division process in the

form of Lemma. The facilitator would take rounds and ensure that
each learner is engaged.
Guided practice: 10 min
The students will solve the questions from NCERT book, solved
examples before Ex 1.1 in their notebook in the class with the help of
their facilitator. The facilitator would take rounds and help the
students in solving the questions.
Independent Practice: Students will go through the solved examples
before Ex 1.1 of NCERT text book.
Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the
topic discussed.

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do some of the questions from
Work, Assignments NCERT in their H.W. notebooks.
Assessments Oral Test (5 minutes)

DAY TWO
Objective Students will be able to discuss the Euclid’s Division Lemma and its
mathematical statement in collaborative manner.
Assessment of Written questions on rewriting long division process in the form
qualifying Euclid’s Lemma.
knowledge
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- Students will know and Demonstrate the ability to
write the long division process in the form of Lemma
SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Students will be able to differentiate

and classify quotient and remainder in the process of Euclid’s
Division Lemma, in collaboration with each other. They will
Methodology Strategies Used : Think pair and Share, Inductive and Deductive
(The teacher can learning
use the mentioned Recapitulation: 5 min
techniques, Brainstorming on the previously taught concept would be done.
wherever Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15 min
applicable, and can (Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
use any other too.) An oral quiz will be taken and students will be asked to divide two
positive integers and will be able to realize the fact that there are
unique quotient and remainder for given two positive integers.
Guided practice: 15 min
The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions
from NCERT book of Exercise – 1.1 in their notebook in the class
with the help of their teacher. The teacher would ensure that each
student tries to be independent at the work as well as be under the
teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the remaining HW
parts given in the monthly planner of Exercise 1.1 in their Math HW
notebook.
Students who would difficulty in solving the problem would solve
with the help of their buddies.
Closure: 5 min
topic discussed.

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar

Assessments Oral quiz (5 minutes)

DAY THREE
Objective To differentiate between lemma and algorithm and solve the questions
of Ex- 1.1.
Assessment of Written questions on applying Lemma and use it to find HCF of two
qualifying given numbers.
knowledge
Difference between lemma and algorithm will be explained along with
Euclid’s division lemma and Euclid’s division algorithm and questions
based from Ex.1.1 will be discussed.
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- Students will develop the ability to understand the
computation of HCF of two given numbers using Euclid’s Division
Algorithm.
SKILLS and COMPETENCIES - Students would be able to critically

apply the concepts in given situations and collaboratively compute
the HCF of two given numbers and statement problems pertaining to
given situations.
Transaction Strategies Used : Think pair and Share, Inductive and Deductive
Methodology learning
(The teacher can
use the mentioned Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, Recapitulation: 5 min
wherever Oral test on the previous concept would be taken up.
applicable, and can Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15 min
use any other too.) (Critical thinking)
Exercise 1.1 would be discussed and students would solve different
questions per group and then the questions would be crosschecked.
Digital content would be used. The facilitator would take rounds and
help students with their doubts.
Guided Practice: 15 min
The students will solve the questions from NCERT book of Exercise –
1.1 in their notebook in the class with the help of their teacher. The
teacher would ensure that each student tries to be independent at the
work as well as be under the teacher’s guidance.
parts of Exercise 1.1 in their Math HW notebook.
Closure: 5 min
topic discussed.

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar

Assessments MCQ (5 minutes)

DAY FOUR
Objective To understand uniqueness of Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic and
prime factorization of composite numbers.
Assessment of Written test on identifying whether the given number is rational or
qualifying irrational.
knowledge
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic will be explained through
examples and activity based on Euclid’s algorithm will be done
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- Students will develop the ability to understand the
Uniqueness of Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.
SKILLS and COMPETENCIES - Students would be able to

1. Critically do prime factorization of composite numbers and
collaboratively realize the fact that this factorization of particular
number is unique.
2. Comprehend that prime factorization of every composite number is
unique irrespective of the fact in the order in which the factors are
written.
Transaction Strategies Used : Think pair and Share, Muddiest Point Discussion
Methodology
(The teacher can Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, Quick revision on the previous concept would be taken up.
applicable, and can (Creativity, Collaboration)
use any other too.) Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic would be discussed
in detail that every composite number can be represented in the form
of product of its primes. The order of the prime numbers can be
changed but the numbers remain the same. This would be discussed in
detail with vivid examples.
Independent Practice: Students will find various ways of
representing factors in view of statement of theorem.
Closure: 5 min
Discussion of muddiest point.
.

Reference Book

CBSE Exemplar
Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

DAY FIVE
Objective To understand the use of Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic in
various situation.
Assessment of MCQ on prime factorization of composite numbers.

qualifying
knowledge
Examples related to the topic would be done,
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- To understand the use of Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic in computing the LCM and HCF of given numbers.

Comprehend the given situation in statement problems to analyse and
calculate LCM and HCF using prime factorization, through
collaborative leaning process.
Transaction Strategies Used : Inductive and Deductive learning, Numbered
Methodology Heads
(The teacher can
use the mentioned Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, Recapitulation: 5 min
wherever Quick revision on the previous concept would be taken up.
use any other too.) (Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
Various set of numbers would be given to students to calculate their
prime factors to know their HCF and LCM. This would be discussed
in detail with vivid examples.
Independent Practice: Students will do prime factorization for HCF
and LCM of given numbers.
Closure: 5 min
Discussion of muddiest point.
.

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar

Assessments MCQ (5 minutes)

DAY SIX
Objective Using Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic Solve Exercise 1.2
Assessment of Written test on representing the composite numbers in the form of
qualifying product of its primes
knowledge
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- Students will know and understand

1. The method of computing HCF and LCM and using
relationship of their product with product of given numbers.
1. Apply the given knowledge with 100 % accuracy
2. Critically analyse the situation in the form of given problems
and differentiate whether to calculate HCF or LCM
Transaction Strategies Used : Muddiest point discussion, Inductive and Deductive
Methodology learning
techniques, Oral test would be taken.
applicable, and can (Critical Thinking)
use any other too.) How to analyse the given situation to calculate either HCF or LCM,
would be discussed in detail.
Guided Practice:15 min
1.2 in their notebook in the class with the help of their facilitator.
Closure: 5 min
Summarization, preferably by a student, would be taken to check
proper assimilation of the topic discussed.
.

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar

DAY SEVEN
Objective To solve the questions from NCERT book of Exercise – 1.2

Assessment of Written test on using Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic in different
qualifying problems
knowledge

1. Every composite number can be represented as product of its
unique factors.

1. Classify and analyse critically whether the problem requires to
compute HCF or LCM
2 Represent composite numbers in the form of the product of their
primes.
Transaction Strategies Used : Think pair and Share, Muddiest Point Discussion
Methodology
techniques, Warming session would be taken.
applicable, and can (Critical thinking, communication)
use any other too.) Solved examples from the book would be taken up.
Brainstorming on classification of situation of LCM or HCF would be
done.
1.2 in their notebook in the class with the help of their facilitator.
The facilitator would explain the questions from Ex 1.2 with a
collaborative approach towards them.
Closure: 5 min
Summarization, preferably by a student, would be taken to check
proper assimilation of the topic discussed.
.

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar

DAY EIGHT
Objective To study irrational numbers and their properties.
Assessment of Written test on various operations on irrational numbers.
qualifying knowledge

Irrational numbers will be explained and proving the irrational nature of them will
be discussed.
1. Classification of numbers as rationals and irrationals.
1. Critically visualize the proof of square root prime number being irrational
number.
Transaction Strategies Used : Inductive and Deductive learning
Methodology
(The teacher can use Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
the mentioned Recapitulation: 5 min
techniques, wherever One-minute test would be taken.
use any other too.) (Creativity)
Redefining irrational numbers on the basis of decimal expansion of a Real number.
Mind mapping would be used
Digital content would be used.
The facilitator would explain through different examples. Collaborative approach
would be taken up.
Independent Practice: Students will go through the solved examples before Ex
1.3 of NCERT text book.
Closure: 5 min
Summarization, preferably by a student, would be taken to check proper
assimilation of the topic discussed.
.

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar
Self-Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do some of the questions from NCERT in
Work, Assignments their H.W. notebooks.

DAY NINE
Assessment of Oral test
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- Students will know and Demonstrate new ways to prove square
root of prime number as irrational number.

2. Apply critically the knowledge meaningfully and creatively.
3. Develop new technique of method of contradiction and Fundamental
Theorem of Arithmetic to show square root of prime number as irrational
number.

Transaction Strategies Used : Think pair and Share, Inductive and Deductive learning
Methodology Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
(The teacher can use Recapitulation: 5 min
the mentioned Oral test would be taken.
techniques, wherever Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 10 min
applicable, and can (Communication and critical thinking)
use any other too.) Solved examples from the book would be taken up.
Mind mapping would be used and would discuss different questions
The teacher, as a facilitator, would explain the questions from Ex 1.3 would be
taken up and collaborative approach towards them so that the facilitator would help
them with their doubts.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the remaining parts of Exercise 1.3
in their Math HW notebook.
Closure: 5 min
.

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar
Assessments Oral test (5 minutes)

DAY TEN
Assessment of MCQ test on terminating and non-terminating decimal expansion of given number
qualifying knowledge and inserting numerous numbers between two given numbers.
apply the knowledge meaningfully and creatively.
2. Combination of rationals and irrationals as irrationals.
4. Develop the method of contradiction to prove irrationality of square root of
a prime number critically
Transaction Strategies Used : Think pair and Share, Sequential Achievement

Methodology
techniques, wherever One minute test would be taken.
applicable, and can
use any other too.) Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15 min
(Critical and creative thinking)

Identifying numbers as rational or irrational depending on the definition done in
previous class.
The facilitator would explain the questions from Ex 1.3 with a collaborative
approach towards them.
Independent Practice:
Students will complete the remaining HW parts given in the monthly planner of
Exercise 1.3 in their Math HW notebook.
Closure: 5 min
.

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar
Assessments MCQ test (5 minutes)

DAY ELEVEN
Objective To use decimal expansion of numbers to distinguish between rationals and
irrationals.
Assessment of Written test on representing real number on number line through successive
qualifying knowledge magnification.
Apply the concepts and evaluate the given questions with 90% accuracy
1. The various kind of decimal numbers depending on the number being
rational or irrational.
2. Critically visualize the representation of real numbers using their decimal
expansion.
Transaction Strategies Used : Inductive and Deductive learning, Discussion of Muddiest Point
Methodology
techniques, wherever Oral Test would be taken up.
use any other too.) (Creativity)
Redefining rational numbers and irrational numbers on the basis of decimal
expansion of a Real number. Mind mapping would be used
Digital content would be used.
The facilitator would explain through different examples. Collaborative approach
would be taken up.
Independent Practice: Students will go through the solved examples before Ex
1.3 of NCERT text book.

Closure: 5 min
Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar
Assessments MCQ test (5 minutes)

DAY TWELVE
Objective To use decimal expansion of numbers to distinguish between rationals and
irrationals.
Assessment of Quiz on factorisation and decimal expansion of given numbers.

1. Operations on real numbers
2. Factorizing the denominator to check for terminating or non-terminating
expansion of rational number.
1. Critically rationalize the denominator and analyse the decimal expansion to
be terminating or non-terminating recurring
Transaction Strategies Used : Graphic Organiser, Think Pair Share
Methodology
use any other too.) (Critical and creative thinking)
Operation on real numbers and rationalizing the denominator
The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the examples from NCERT
book before Exercise – 1.4 in their notebook in the class with the help of their
teacher.
Students will complete the remaining HW parts given in the monthly planner in
their Math HW notebook.
Closure: 5 min

Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar

Assessments Quiz (5 minutes)

DAY THIRTEEN
Objective Revisiting the Rational numbers to classify their decimal expansion.
Assessment of Oral test on prime fcatorisation


1. Nature of prime factors of denominator of any given rational number.
1. Critically apply and extend previous knowledge of prime factorizing to
rational numbers.
Transaction Strategies Used : Graphic Organiser
Methodology
use any other too.) Decimal Expansion of Rational numbers through prime factorizing the
denominator.
(Communication)
The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions from NCERT
book of Exercise – 1.4 in their notebook in the class with the help of their teacher.
Students will complete the remaining HW parts given in the monthly planner of
Exercise 1.4 in their Math HW notebook.
Closure: 5 min
Summarization would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic discussed.

Reference Book
1. CBSE Exemplar

DAY FOURTEEN
Objective Solving various levels of Exemplar
Assessment of Oral test on various concepts being used in chapter.


2. Various concepts being applied on Rational numbers.
2. Recall the concepts and terms being used in chapter to solve the questions.
3. Critically Apply and solve the questions of NCERT Exemplar
Methodology Recapitulation: 5 min
(The teacher can use Oral Test would be taken up.
the mentioned Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 10 min
techniques, wherever (Critical)
applicable, and can Exemplar Questions would be taken up.
use any other too.) Guided Practice: 20 min
The teacher would explain the questions.
Independent Practice: Students would try Long questions from the Exemplar
Closure: 5 min
Reference Book
CBSE Exemplar
Self-Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do some of the questions from Exemplar in
Work, Assignments their H.W. notebooks..

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CLASS – X

Unit Number Systems ( Chapter -1 : Real Numbers)

SKILLS- Students will

Transaction Transaction would proceed in the following manner-

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

CBSE Class XII Books:

NCERT Problem-Solution Exemplars

Muddiest Point: Check comprehension and identify confusion, what

Brain Storming-The class would start with a discussion on what the

Introduction of the topic- ppt and Digital Content would be shared

Guided practice followed by Independent Practice- NCERT questions to

Resources Text Book:

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

3 UNIT TESTS (20, 30, 30) 80 Marks

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 20 Marks

For weak students:

For differently abled students:

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

SKILLS and COMPETENCIES Students would be able to Reason

Transaction Transaction would proceed in the following manner-

Strategies Used: Inquiry based learning, Think Pair and share

Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15 min

Students would be asked to rewrite the long division process in the

Resources Text Book:

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

Assessments Oral Test (5 minutes)

SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Students will be able to differentiate

Resources Text Book:

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

Assessments Oral quiz (5 minutes)

SKILLS and COMPETENCIES - Students would be able to critically

Resources Text Book:

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

Assessments MCQ (5 minutes)

SKILLS and COMPETENCIES - Students would be able to

Resources Text Book:

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

Assessment of MCQ on prime factorization of composite numbers.

SKILLS and COMPETENCIES - Students would be able to

Resources Text Book:

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

Assessments MCQ (5 minutes)

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- Students will know and understand

Resources Text Book:

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- Students will know and understand

SKILLS and COMPETENCIES - Students would be able to

Resources Text Book:

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

Resources Text Book:

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

SKILLS and COMPETENCIES - Students would be able to

Click on this link to buy latest Educart Books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/3OwEosm

Resources Text Book:

Assessments Oral test (5 minutes)