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1-The cane toad (Rhinella marina) was _________ 3-The following text is adapted from Abraham
to South America but was transported to Australia Lincoln's last public address, given on April 11,
in 1935 in an attempt to control the beetle 1965
infestations on sugarcane plantation.
If this course of rejection has any tendency to bring
Which choice completes the text with the most Louisiana into proper practical relations with the
logical and precise word or phrase? Union, I have, so far, been unable to perceive it. If,
on the contrary, we recognize, and sustain the new
A) innate
government of Louisiana the converse of all this is
B) congenital made true.
C) pandemic As used in the text, what does the word
"recognize" most nearly mean?
D) endemic
A) identify
B) accept
2-Be aware that some _________ business
opportunity promoters have been known to name C) realize
"insiders" who give glowing—but bogus—
D) appreciate
recommendations. Don't just talk to the few people
they suggest. Choose whom to contact. What if
what the seller is telling you is different from
what's on the disclosure document or what you
hear from another buyer? Step on the brake.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) arguable
B) questionable
C) improbable
D) unresolved
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4-The Business Opportunity Rule governing 5-In order to learn more about the properties of fire
franchise sales says that a seller has to give you the in space, scientists aboard the International Space
disclosure document at least seven days before you Station have conducted many experiments. Their
sign a contract or pay them anything. Use that time goal is to gain valuable insight into the
to check out the information in the disclosure mechanisms of fire that will ultimately help
document, including contacting references. Be prevent fires on spacecraft or offer solutions to
aware that some questionable business opportunity quickly extinguish such fires. Flames act very
promoters have been known to name "insiders" differently in an environment devoid of gravity
who give glowing but bogus-recommendations. than they do on Earth. For example, spheres of
Don't just talk to the few people they suggest. light form, and the flames can ignite at extremely
Choose whom to contact. What if what the seller low temperatures. On Earth, a standard gas stove
is telling you is different from what's on the burns at about 3100 degrees Fahrenheit, but a
disclosure document or what you hear from sustained flame can burn at 900 degrees in the
another buyer? Step on the brake. An International Space Station.
inconsistency could be a tell-tale sign of a business
What is the main purpose of the underlined portion
opportunity rip-off. However, it is important to
in the overall structure of the text?
remember that many business investments have a
wide range of returns, so not all differences in A) It highlights the motivation for conducting the
profit are a deliberate attempt to scam a potential experiments.
buyer.
B) It outlines the methodology the scientists are
What is the purpose of the information that the using to conduct the experiments.
seller must disclose at least seven days before
signing a contract? C) It offers a point of comparison for the results of
the experiments.
A) To point out that there is adequate time to make
a decision D) It presents an example of the phenomenon
viewed in the experiments.
B) To emphasize that the buyer is under a lot of
pressure
C) To indicate that honest references take time to
find
D) To offer the reason that sellers secure bogus
recommendations 49 Iliad’s
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6-This passage is adapted from Emma Lazarus's 8-The Panama Canal stands as one of the greatest
poem Spring Star. feats of engineering in all time. The idea was not
new-in 1534, Charles, King of Spain, ordered a
Over the lamp-lit street,
survey of the region -but it took until 1904 for the
Trodden by hurrying feet,
self-educated engineer John Frank Stevens to
Where mostly pulse and beat
solve the technical problems with an intricate lock
Life's throbbing veins,
system and numerous inventions of equipment for
See where the April star,
the specialized tasks. Equally important were the
Blue-bright as sapphires are,
efforts of Sanitation Engineer William C. Gorgas,
Hangs in deep heavens far,
who tirelessly oversaw the efforts to keep the work
Waxes and wanes.
crews healthy. Entire cities of workers and their
families needed food, clean water, medical care,
What is the main structure of the text?
and other essential services.
A) It establishes a contrast between two images.
Based on the passage, why is William Gorgas key
B) It shows the futileness of an action. in building the Panama Canal?
C) It offers a solution to a problem. A) He was able to invent equipment that
performed different functions.
D) It elaborates on an extended metaphor..
B) He was a doctor who took care of the workers'
medical needs.
7-The following text is adapted from F. Scott C) He was zealous about fulfilling duties regarding
Fitzgerald's 1992 novel, The Beautiful and the the health of workers.
Damned.
D) He surveyed the area to determine the best way
Young Anthony had one picture of his father and to build cities for workers.
mother together-so often had it faced his eyes in
childhood that it had acquired the impersonality of
furniture, but everyone who came into his
bedroom regarded it with interest. It showed a
dandy of the nineties, spare and handsome,
standing beside a tall dark lady with a muff and the
suggestion of a bustle. Between them was a little
boy with long brown curls, dressed in a velvet
Lord Fauntleroy suit. This was Anthony at five, the
year of his mother's death.
Which choice best summarizes the text?
A) A young man reminisces about his family.
B) A man's family's appearance is explained.
C) An aristocrat's achievements are outlined.
D) The cause of a tragic event is revealed.
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9-George Herman "Babe" Ruth, Jr. (1895-1948) 11-
played 22 seasons of Major League baseball.
He started as a left-handed pitcher but made his
fame as an outfielder and powerful batter, earning
the title "Home Run King" Despite the decades
that have passed since he stepped off the field,
Babe Ruth is still a household name and
considered one of the greatest American sports
heroes. He was fortunate in that respect, as fans
celebrated his triumphs against the background of
news from World War I and the 1918 influenza
pandemic.
Based on the text, what is one reason why Babe
Ruth became so famous?
A) He was an excellent pitcher. The median annual wage for urban and regional
B) He showed people success during a grim time. planners was $73,050 in May 2018. The median
wage is the wage at which half the workers in an
C) He fought in World War I. occupation earned more than that amount and half
D) He suffered from the 1918 influenza pandemic. earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than
$45,180, and the highest 10 percent earned more
10-The extreme temperatures on the planet than $114,170. 'The median rate varies depending
Mercury make it unlikely that there is any life on on the field of the planning as well. For instance,
the planet in a form we would recognize. Mercury the median income is _______
is closest to the Sun, and therefore the daytime
temperatures are extremely hot, up to 800 degrees Which choice most effectively completes the
Fahrenheit (430 degrees Celsius). Since there is example using information from the graph?
only a residual atmosphere, nights are much A) higher for state government employees than for
colder. In fact, despite its proximity to the Sun, local government employees
Mercury ________
B) greater for those in architectural, engineering,
Which choice most logically completes the text? and related fields than for those in any government
A) has an egg-shaped orbit which changes its position
distance from the Sun. C) lower for those working in the government than
B) rotates around the Sun faster than any other for those who work in private industries such as
planet, in only 88 days. engineering or related services

C) is approximately the same size as Earth's moon D) not as high for management, scientific, and
and covered with craters. technical consulting service employees as it is for
local government employees.
D) might even be cold enough to have permanent
water ice near the poles.
12-
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13-The following text is adapted from Herman
Melville's 1851 novel, Moby Dick; or The Whale.
I always go to sea as a sailor, because of the
wholesome exercise and pure air of the fore-castle
deck. For as in this world, head winds are far more
prevalent than winds from astern (that is, if you
never violate the Pythagorean maxim), so for the
most part, the Commodore on the quarter-deck
gets his atmosphere at second hand from the
sailors on the forecastle. He thinks he breathes it
first; but not so. In much the same way do the
commonalty lead their leaders in many other
things, at the same time that the leaders little
suspect it. But wherefore it was that after having
repeatedly smelt the sea as a merchant sailor, I
should now take it into my head to go on a whaling
voyage; this the invisible police officer of the
Fates.
With which idea about captains would the narrator
“This study, authored solely by Sugiura Shinji, an most likely agree?
ecologist from Kobe University in Japan, A) They have worked hard to earn their position.
describes how the Japanese water scavenger beetle
(Regimbartia attenuate) manages to extricate itself B) They are greatly worthy of respect.
from inside several species of frog within 6 hours
C) They do not understand the needs of simple
of being swallowed. Active escape of the aquatic sailors.
beetle Regimbartia attenuata from the vents of five
frog species via the digestive tract. Although adult D) They are mistaken about the extent of their
beetles were easily eaten by frogs, power.
____________.”
Which choice most effectively uses data from the
graph to complete the text?
A) a maximum of 65% of swallowed beetles were
excreted were still alive.
B) on average the swallowed beetles were excreted
did not survive.
C) it took less than 6 hours for the swallowed
beetles to be extracted.
D) an average of 90% of swallowed beetles were
excreted were still alive.
 2
14-The planet Venus is the second closest to the
2
16-A classic image of colonial cooperation,
Sun in our solar system, but is generally hotter than _______ Martha kept detailed records of her
the closest planet, Mercury-the average experiences in the American frontier for over three
temperature is 462 degrees Celsius. That is decades.
because the atmosphere contains about 96 percent
Which choice completes the text so that it
carbon dioxide, creating a greenhouse effect that is
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
like having a giant blanket over the planet that
retains the heat. The sulfuric acid in the A) the diary of an 18th-century midwife named
atmosphere makes it very reflective, so Venus is Martha Ballard documents several quilting bees
the second brightest object in the night sky after
the Moon. B) an 18th-century midwife named Martha Ballard
documented several quilting bees in her diary
According to the text, what is most likely true
about the planet Mercury? C) Martha Ballard, an 18th-century midwife,
documented several quilting bees in her diary
A) It does not have any sulfuric acid in its
atmosphere. D) several quilting bees were documented in the
diary of an 18th-century midwife named Martha
B) Its temperature never exceeds 462 degrees Ballard
Celsius.
C) It has less than 96 percent carbon dioxide in its
atmosphere. 17-Marilyn Monroe, the iconic actress and fashion
model from the 1950s and '60s, is attributed as
D) It is difficult to locate in the night sky because _________ women rarely make history." In reality,
it is dark. the credit should go to Laurel Thatcher Ulrich,
who was a student at the time but who later went
on to become a professor at Harvard University.
15-Coffee is the third most consumed beverage in
Which choice completes the text so that it
the world, a welcome statistic for the people in
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Uganda, ______ is the leading cash crop.
A) saying that, "Well-behaved
Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? B) having said that: "well-behaved
A. there, it
C) she said, "Well-behaved
B. where it
D) saying that “well-behaved
C. which
D. it
 2
18-Volunteers of America is a non-profit B) world. Because the
2
organization which helps homeless, disabled,
C) world, the
senior, and other underserved individuals regain a
balanced life. Over the past 125 years, the D) world. The
________ have helped an average of 1.5 million
people annually.
Which choice completes the text so that it 21-Inflation is when the prices of goods and
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? services generally increase, resulting in a decrease
in the purchasing power of money. Economists
A) volunteers efforts' debate about the effects of low levels of
__________ high levels of inflation are
B) volunteer's efforts
universally accepted as disruptive to an economy.
C) volunteers' efforts
Which choice completes the text so that it
D) volunteers's efforts' conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) inflation,
19-Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's detailed B) inflation;
poems greatly influenced the perception of various
C) inflation:
historical events, such as Paul Revere's nighttime
ride during the American Revolutionary war, even D) inflation
though he sometimes ____________ to make the
poems more engaging.
Which choice completes the text so that it 22-Edward Tingatinga's professional art career
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? only lasted four years. _______ he is considered
one of the most influential modern African
A) sacrificed accuracy for eloquence painters and was the founder of an art style now
archetypal in Tanzania.
B) sacrificed--accuracy for eloquence
Which choice completes the text with the most
C) sacrificed: accuracy for eloquence
logical transition?
D) sacrificed (accuracy for eloquence)
A) Therefore,
B) Even so,
20-Archaeologists determined that a pair of
C) Specifically,
sandals made from sagebrush bark that were found
in a cave in Oregon in 1939 are actually the oldest D) Moreover,
extant example of shoes in the __________
specimens have been dated to between 7,000 and
8,000 BCE.
Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) world; and the
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23-Dogs trained for search and rescue have the
2
25 -While researching a topic, a student has taken
same goal of finding humans, but there are actually the following notes:
two main methods that the dogs use to reach this
• Ada Lovelace (nee Byron) was born 1815 and
goal. One is called air scent, in which a dog sniffs
was very interested in science and math from an
its surroundings and makes a straight line for the
early age, so her tutor introduced her to the
target once the scent is detected. __________ a
mathematician Charles Babbage.
dog sniffs the ground and follows the specific
route that the person took, even if the path is very • Babbage is considered the "Father of the
convoluted. This method is called tracking. computer" because he invented an "Analvtical
Machine," which he used to calculate numbers. • It
Which choice completes the text with the most
is possible that Lovelace wrote the first computer
logical transition?
program in the world because she helped design
A) Furthermore, programs for the Analytical Machine.
B) Precisely, • In a 1842-1843 Italian translation explaining how
the Analytical Machine worked, she wrote down a
C) However,
program in an appendix that was not in the original
D) Alternatively, materials provided by Babbage.
• She realized that the Analytical Machine could be
used for non-numerical purposes if other symbols
24-Tropical saltwater fish are beautiful to watch, such as letters or musical notes were substituted.
but they take a lot of time and special equipment The student wants to emphasize that Ada
to maintain properly. That equipment is not cheap, Lovelace's contributions to mathematics are just as
either. A standard tank with fish can easily cost important as Charles Babbage's.
around $2,000 to set up, and there are monthly
expenses such as food, salt, and minerals, which Which choice most effectively uses relevant
can run over $35 a month for a 50-gallon tank. information from the notes to accomplish this
_________ the upkeep alone is equivalent to over goal?
two coffee lattes from a specialty store every week.
A) Charles Babbage is famous for creating the
Which choice completes the text with the most Analytical Machine, but Ada Lovelace also was
logical transition? interested in explaining how it worked to others,
even in different languages.
A) On the other hand,
B) Ada Lovelace wrote a program for the
B) Even so, Analytical Machine in 1842-1843, without which
C) In addition, Charles Babbage would not have been able to
create a working computer.
D) In other words,
C) Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelaces tutor,
introduced her to the Analytical Machine, and she
excelled beyond his abilities at using it.
D) Although Babbage invented the Analytical
Machine, Ada Lovelace was able to explain how it
worked, create effective programs, and offer
additional uses beyond mathematical calculations.
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26-While researching a topic, a student has taken
2
27-Yellowstone National Park is a popular tourist
the following notes: site, but it is also an active supervolcano. Over the
past 2.1 million years, it has erupted with such
A. Edward Tingatinga was born in 1932 in a small
force that there are lavers made of ash and pumice
town called Namochelia in Tanzania.
400 meters thick in places. The most recent giant
B. An art movement was named after his unique explosion, about 640,000 million years ago,
style of cartoon-like animals and landscapes. emitted huge amounts of lava. ____________
Now, the parks famous geysers and hot springs are
C. He tried his hand as a musician, and only started heated by the remaining pools of magma, which
painting in 1968. His work was first done using are at most 15 percent of their former size.
recycled materials like old boards and bicycle
paint. Which choice most effectively anticipates and
addresses a relevant counterargument to the
D. His work became popular among tourists so he assertion presented in the passage?
was able to be an artist full time. He started a
gallery and studio in 1970. A) About 70,000 years ago, there was another
eruption, but it was not of the same magnitude and
E. In 1972 he was accidentally killed by a consisted mostly of lava.
policeman who mistook him for someone else.
B) Geologists have determined that Yellowstone
F. His students continue to paint using his style and had three supereruptions as well as several lesser
today his gallery is the largest in Africa. eruptions.
The student wants to emphasize how influential C) One might expect a giant peak, but so much
Edward Tingatingas painting is in Africa. Which magma poured out each time that the underlying
choice most effectively uses relevant information reservoirs collapsed and formed a giant caldera.
from the notes to accomplish this goal?
D) The region to the southwest, the Snake River
A) Edward Tingatinga painted using recycled Plain, had eruptions prior to the supereruptions at
materials, which started a trend towards using Yellowstone.
recycled art by a wide range of artists.
B) Though his art career only lasted four years,
Edward Tingatinga's art was appealing enough to
build a following that carries on the art style today.
C) Edward Tingatinga was the most popular artist
of animals and landscapes for tourists to Africa, so
his original paintings are highly sought-after
today.
D) Despite using recycled materials, Edward
Tingatinga became so famous that other artists
copied and sold pictures of his artwork.