A Survey On Fuel Consumption Measurement Methods of Road Vehicles - Pres

A Survey on Fuel Consumption
Measurement Methods of Road Vehicles

R. A. Prabhath Buddhika, L. G. Iman Ashly
Motivation
• A requirement came from the industry needed to design an effective fuel

consumption measurement system for their customized fuel tanks of their
delivery vehicle fleet.
• Thus, a study on the existing fuel consumption measurement methods was
done.
• The objective was to identify the most recent developments of this field
and figure out the way forward for the future research.
• Hence, peer reviewed scholarly articles were analyzed related to this field
and the findings are published.
2
Introduction
• Fuel prices are paramount to the economies.

• The business organizations of all scales are very conscious about fuel
consumption.
• Various methods attempted to cheat the fuel consumption of a vehicle and
stealing fuel from vehicle fuel tanks are being reported in news frequently.
• As a remedy, researchers investigate various methods to accurately
measure fuel consumption.
3
Methodology
• Establishing the research questions.

• Finding relevant articles.
• Applying exclusion criteria.
• Extracting the relevant data.
• Analyzing the gathered data.
• Formulating the answers for the research questions.
4
Research Questions
1. What are the recently published fuel consumption measurement

methods?
2. How to classify fuel consumption measurement methods?
3. What are the limitations, challenges and future research avenues for fuel
consumption measurement?
5
Finding relevant articles
• The relevant articles were searched in the IEEE Xplore using advanced
search option on 01st August 2023.
• Only those articles that were published after 2018 were selected.
• Only the peer reviewed research articles written in English were selected
for the study.
• Initial keyword-based search in IEEE Xplore resulted in 17 articles.
6
Applying exclusion
criteria. IEEE Xplore Advanced Search
• The articles that focused on sea crafts “Fuel consumption measurement” OR
were eliminated as the focus was on “Fuel consumption monitoring” OR
road vehicles with four wheels or “Fuel level measurement” OR
more.
“Fuel level monitoring”
• The articles that focused on driving
behavior and one article that focused
on simulator design were also Keyword Search
eliminated.
• The fuel consumed is limited to
gasoline and diesel. 17 Articles
• The abstracts of the articles were
read to identify the scope of them Exclusion Criteria
and those do not fit this scope were
excluded.
• This left 9 articles to study. 9 Articles
7
Extracting the Relevant Data
• Carefully reading the methodology, results and discussions sections in the

articles paved the way to extract the data.
• The extracted data was stored in a structured Microsoft Excel spreadsheet
for further comparisons and analysis.
8
Classification based on the
sensing method used
Fuel Consumption Measurement Methods
• Based on the studied

articles, sensor-based Single Sensor Methods
classifications seems to be
viable.
Flow Sensor Methods
• Widely used sensors
include:
• Flow sensors Capacitive Sensor Methods
• Capacitive sensors
• Ultrasonic sensors
• Load cells Multiple Sensor Methods
9
Limitations
• Very little focus on the filtering aspect of the sensor data.

• Live fuel consumption measurement.
• Inevitable vibrations.
• Several methods use Arduino library functions in the firmware.
• Arduino is primarily meant for hobbyists.
• Reliability of the calculations?
• Some experiments were done at constant RPMs of the vehicle.
• These articles stated that the readings were not reliable when the RPM varies.
• Very limited use of IOT is observed in the articles.
• use of GPRS or GSM phones which might be considered old fashioned.
10
Limitations
• Algorithms used is touched very lightly or not analyzed at all.

• huge setback for the other researchers for further improvements.
• No adequate information about the cost of the design.
• As such, there is very little evidence in the set of articles to rank these designs based
on the cost of implementation.
11
Challenges
• Funding for experiments with sophisticated experiment setups.

• Thinking beyond a basic embedded system design layout to introduce fault
tolerance, redundancy and reliability.
• Mental barrier of the “low-cost design” may play a role too.
• A proper analysis is essential to quantify the quality against the cost.
• Method to reduce the recurrent cost of fuel should not be compromised by a poor
design.
12
Future Research Work
• Use of proper hardware and/or software based real time filtering

techniques for the sensor outputs can be studied.
• Use of high-end microcontrollers, FPGAs can be studied.
• Using redundancy in the design to assure reliability and enhance fault
tolerance can be studied.
• Use of IOT in this field can be another area to focus on.
• Information security aspects applicable to fuel consumption measurement
methods also seems to be a research area to study further.
13
Conclusion
• Recent developments in the area are identified. (Research Question 01)

• A classification method is proposed for the fuel consumption measurement
methods based on the sensors used. (Research Question 02)
• The study discusses the limitations, challenges and future research avenues
possible. (Research Question 03)
14
• Thank You!
15

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A Survey on Fuel Consumption

Measurement Methods of Road Vehicles

• A requirement came from the industry needed to design an effective fuel

• Fuel prices are paramount to the economies.

• Establishing the research questions.

1. What are the recently published fuel consumption measurement

• Carefully reading the methodology, results and discussions sections in the

• Based on the studied

• Very little focus on the filtering aspect of the sensor data.

• Algorithms used is touched very lightly or not analyzed at all.

• Funding for experiments with sophisticated experiment setups.

• Use of proper hardware and/or software based real time filtering

• Recent developments in the area are identified. (Research Question 01)

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