T

!(T )

!(ν, T )

!(ν, T )
L

#
E(x, # 0 sin(kx x) sin(ky y) sin(kz z) cos(ωt)
y, z, t) = E
∗
ki = 2π/λi = ni π/L ni ∈
!(ν, T )
ν k T
T

ν
nx ny nz

#k

(π/L)3
N (k) k

k ki > 0

#k
 1 4π 3
8 3 k 1 3 3
N (k) = 2 ! π "3 = L k
3π 2
L

k k +dk N (k +dk)−N (k) =

ρ(ν) 8πν 2
=
L3 c3
ν

E
E
1
Z e− kT k Z

kT

E(ν)
# e− kT
E(ν, T ) = E(ν)
Z

E(ν)

kT

8πν 2
!(ν, T ) = kT
c3

E(ν) = αhν α∈ +

$ αhν $
+∞
e− kT hν +∞ hν 1 ∂
E(ν, T ) = dααhν = dααe−α kT = − ! 1 "Z
0 Z Z 0 Z ∂ kT
 kT
Z= ⇒ E(ν, T ) = kT
hν

hν
+∞ nhν +∞
# e− kT hν # −n hν 1 ∂
E(ν, T ) = nhν = e kT = − ! 1 "Z
n=0
Z Z n=0 Z ∂ kT
Z
+∞ % &n
# hν 1 hν
e− kT = hν
⇒ E(ν, T ) = hν
− kT
n=0 1−e e kT −1

8π hν 3
!(ν, T ) =
c3 e kT
hν
−1

$ ∞ ' (4 $ ∞
8π kT x3 dx
!(T ) = dν!(ν, T ) = ∼ T4
0 c3 h 0 ex − 1

n%1

T % hν/k