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    Electronic Experiment 4.

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    Electronic Experiment 4.

    Uploaded by

    forsan15432
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    Electronic experiment 4.

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    39 views9 pages

    Electronic Experiment 4.

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    forsan15432

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    Taiz University

    Al-saeed Faculty for Engineering


    and Information Technology
    ………… Department

    Electronic Devices Laboratory Reports

    Experiment 4
    The zener diode

    By
    1. ALA SALAH
    2. KHALIL MOHAMMED
    3. FORSAN SADIQ
    4. OMER AMEEN
    5. ZAID ALI
    .
    .
    Supervisor
    Eng. Haitham Alboraihi

    2023
    Objectives

    The purposes of this experiment are to demonstrate the characteristics of


    a zener diode and its use as a simple voltage regulator.

    Required Parts and Equipments

    1. Variable DC Power Supply.


    2. Digital Multimeters.
    3. Zener Diode, BZX55C5V1 (5.1V, 0.5W).
    4. Carbon Resistors 330Ω (2W), 1kΩ (2W).
    5. Variable Box Resistor.
    6. Leads and Wires.

    1. Theory
    The zener diode is a silicon PN junction device that differs from rectifier diodes
    because it is designed to operate in the reverse-breakdown region. The breakdown
    voltage of the zener diode is set by carefully controlling the doping level during the
    manufacturing process. Fig.1 shows the zener diode’s symbol and current-voltage
    characteristic.

    2. Procedure

    1. Connect the zener diode test circuit shown in Fig.7. Increase the
    input voltage gradually in several steps from 0 to 15V, and record
    VZ and IZ according to Table 1.

    Figure 7: Practical Circuit Used to Obtain the Characteristics of the Zener Diode

    2
    Table 1: Recorded Data for the Circuit of Figure 7

    Vin(V) VZ(V) IZ(mA)


    0 0 0
    1 1V 2.01nA
    2 2V 3.02nA
    3 3V 4.04nA
    4 4V 5.06nA
    4.5 4.5V 5.50nA
    5 4.98V 53.1uA
    5.5 5.06V 1.3mA
    6 5.08V 2.77mA
    7 5.1V 5.73mA
    8 5.11V 8.73mA
    10 5.13V 14.7mA
    12 5.14V 20.76mA
    14 5.15V 26.8mA
    15 5.16V 29.8mA

    2. Connect the voltage regulator circuit shown in Fig.8, and vary the
    load resistor RL in several steps as shown in Table 2. Record VL, IS,
    IZ, and IL where IL = IS -IZ.

    Figure 8: Practical Circuit for Zener Diode Voltage Regulator with


    Variable Load Resistor

    3
    Table 2: Recorded Data for the Voltage Regulator Circuit of Figure 8

    RL(Ω) VL(V) IS(mA) IZ(mA) IL(mA)


    50 1.97V 39.47mA 999.2pA 39.47mA
    100 3.48V 34.8mA 1.02nA 34.8mA
    150 4.6V 31.25mA 1.59nA 31.25mA
    200 5.09V 30mA 4.5mA 25.5mA
    300 5.13V 29.9mA 12.8mA 17.1mA
    500 5.14V 29.86mA 19.57mA 10.28mA
    800 5.15V 29.8mA 23.4mA 6.4mA
    1.0k 5.15V 29.8mA 24.6mA 5.15mA
    1.5k 5.15V 29.8mA 26.4mA 3.4mA
    2.0k 5.15V 29.8mA 27.25mA 2.5mA
    2.5k 5.15V 29.8mA 27.76mA 2.06mA
    5.0k 5.15V 29.8mA 28.79mA 1.03mA
    ∞ 5.15V 29.8mA 29.8mA 0

    3. Connect the voltage regulator circuit shown in Fig.9, and vary the
    input voltage in several steps from 0 to 15V as shown in Table 3.
    Record VL, IS, IZ, and IL where IL = IS -IZ.

    Figure 9: Practical Circuit for Zener Diode Voltage Regulator with Variable
    Input Voltage

    4
    Table 3: Recorded Data for the Voltage Regulator Circuit of Figure 9

    Vin(V) VL(V) IS(mA) IZ(mA) IL(mA)


    0 0 0 0 0
    1 938.1mV 187.6uA 1.02mA 187.6 mA
    2 1.87V 375.2uA 999.2pA 375.2 mA
    4 3.75V 750.4uA 1.02nA 750.5uA
    5 4.69V 938.1uA 1.68nA 938.1uA
    6 5.07V 2.8mA 1.79mA 1.02mA
    6.5 5.09V 4.27mA 3.25mA 1.02mA
    7 5.1V 5.75mA 4.7mA 1.02mA
    8 5.12V 8.7mA 7.72mA 1.02mA
    10 5.13V 14.75mA 13.7mA 1.02mA
    12 5.14V 20.7mA 19.7mA 1.03mA
    14 5.15V 26.8mA 25.75mA 1.03mA
    15 5.15V 29.8mA 28.79mA 1.03mA

    Calculations and Discussion

    1. Plot the characteristic curve of the zener diode in the reverse-


    breakdown region from the results obtained in step 1 of the
    procedure.
    Ansewr:

    5
    The curve of zener diode

    2. Determine the internal resistance rz of the zener diode from your


    data. Do this calculation only on the straight-line breakdown
    region of the characteristic curve plotted in step 1 above.
    Ansewr:

    r = (5.16-5.066)/(29.8-1.315)*10^-3
    r = 3.5Ω
    3. Determine the power dissipation in the zener diode for the
    maximum zener current flowing through it from the obtained data of
    step1 in the procedure, and compare it with PZM.
    Ansewr:

    P = V*I
    P = (98*10^-3)*5.1
    P = 499.8mW≈500mW
    4. For the zener diode voltage regulator circuit of Fig.8, sketch the
    relation between VL and IL (VL versus IL). Plot the relation between IS
    and RL. Sketch also the relation between IZ and IL. Comment on the
    resulting curves.
    Ansewr:

    6
    The relation between VL and IL

    The relation between IS and RL

    The relation between IZ and IL

    7
    5. Calculate the theoretical minimum value of RL required for putting
    the zener diode in the zener breakdown region for the regulator
    circuit of Fig.8. What value of load resistance results in the
    maximum zener current? Determine the maximum zener current
    IZ(max) in this case and compare it with IZM.
    Ansewr:

    6. Calculate the theoretical minimum value of Vin required to turn-on


    the zener diode in the voltage regulator circuit of Fig.9. Determine
    also the maximum permissible value of Vin knowing that the
    maximum DC power dissipation of the BZX55C5V1 zener diode is
    0.5W.
    Ansewr:

    8
    7. Explain the difference between line regulation and load regulation?

    Ansewr:
    a) Line Regulation: Series resistance and load resistance are fixed, only
    input voltage is changing. Output voltage remains the same as long as the input voltage is
    above a minimum value (VZ + 2 V).
    b) Load Regulation: Input voltage is fixed and the load resistance is varying. Output
    volt remains same, as long as the load resistance is maintained above a minimum value
    (As per the design).

    3. Conclusion:
    We observed form this experiment:
    The zener diode is the same rectifier diode, but only the different because the
    zener designed to operate in the revers breakdown region, and it has a specific
    voltage that to work in the revers breakdown. Also if the input voltage is less
    than the specific voltage the zener does not work until it be equal or more. And
    we can use the zener as voltage regulator in DC power supplies.

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