Art History

1.Prehistoric Art (40,000-4,000 BC)

-relied on the use of natural pigments
-stone carvings to create representations of objects,
animals, and rituals that governed a civilization's existence.
-Wall/cave paintings

Example of artworks
1.Lascaux Cave Painting in France
2.Venus ofWillendorf,
=fertility sculpturefound in Willendorf
Austria
3.Stonehenge (Post and Lintel), Salisbury
Plain Wiltshire, England

1.Angono Petroglyphs,
the oldest knownartworks in the Philippines. 127 figural
carvings engraved on the wall of a shallow cave of
volcanic tuff.

2ManunggulJar
a secondary burial
jar excavated from a
Neolithic burial site in the
Manunggul cave of the
Tabon Caves at Lipuun
Point in Palawan,
Philippines.

3.Maitum Jar
- are earthenware secondary
burial vessels
- discovered in 1991 by the
National Museum of the
Philippines' archaeological
team in Avub Cave, Barangay
Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani
Province, Mindanao,
Philippines.

2. Ancient Art (4,000 B.C.-A.D. 400)

Art was produced by advanced civilizations, which in this
case refers to those with an established written language.
to tell stories
decorate utilitarian objects like bowls and weapons
display religious and symbolic imagery,
demonstrate social status depict stories of rulers, gods, and goddesses.
Mesopotamia
1.Code of Hammurabi. Created around 1792 B.C., the piece
bears a Babylonian set of laws carved in stone.
Greece
1. Parthenon
(Architecture)
a temple in
honor of the
city's patron
goddess
Athena

2.Venus de Milo
(Sculpture)
carved in 100 B.C.
during the
Hellenistic Age by
the little-known
Alexandros of
Antioch
discovered in
1820 on the island
of Melos.

3.Kerch vases
(Pottery)
is an
archaeological
term describing
vases from the
final phase of Attic
red-figure pottery
production.

4. Pelike (Pottery)
It has two open
handles that are vertical
on their lateral aspects
and even at the side
with the edge of the
belly, a narrow neck, a
flanged mouth, and a
sagging, almost
spherical belly

Medieval Art
(500-1400)

-often referred to as the "Dark Ages,

marked a period of economic and cultural deterioration following
the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D.
-artwork produced reflects that darkness
characterized by grotesque imagery and brutal scenery.
centered around the Church.
-more sophisticated and elaborately decorated churches emerged
windows and silhouettes were adorned with biblical subiects
scenes from classical mythology.
-emergence of the illuminated manuscript and Gothic architecture
style

Art Forms

Relief sculptures
-sculpture is any work which
projects from but which belongs to
the wall,
a sculpture with figures that
protrude from a background while
still being attached to it.
Fresco paintings
method of painting water-based
pigments on freshly applied plaster,
usually on wall surfaces.

Mosaics
a pattern or image made of small
regular or irregular pieces of colored
stone, glass or ceramic, held in place
by plaster/mortar, and covering a
surface

Metal works
useful and decorative objects
fashioned of various metals, including
copper, iron, silver, bronze, lead, gold,
and brass.

Stained glass
refers to glass that has been colored
by metallic oxides during the
manufacturing process

Gothic architectures
a European style of architecture
that values height and exhibits an
intricate and delicate aesthetic.
Pointed arches
Large, stained window glass
Rib vaults.

Sample Artworks and

Architecture

* Rose window
*Mosaic of Jesus Christ in Istanbul, Turkey.
*Hagia Sophia in Constantinople
*Lindisfarne Gospels (illuminated
manuscript)
*Byzantine mosaics at The Palatine Chapel
in Sicily.
*Notre-Dame Cathedral

4.Renaissance Art (1400-1600

period of "rebirth" in arts, science,
and culture, and is typically thought
to have originated in Italy
capture the experience of the
individual and the beauty and
mystery of the natural world.

FAMOUS ARTIST DURING RENAISSANCE

1.LEONARDO DI SER PIERO DA VINCI (1452-1519)

the ultimate "Renaissance man"
epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.
Famous works
"Mona Lisa" (1503-05)
"The Virgin of the Rocks" (1485)
"The Last Supper" (1495-98), Fresco
Vitruvian Man
allowed him to reproduce reality with a remarkable
degree of accuracy

2.Michelangelo Buornarotti(1475-1564)
the dominant sculptor of the High Renaissance
Famous works
Pietà in St. Peter's Cathedral (1499)
David in his native Florence (1501-04)
Giant fresco covering the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel,
completed over four years (1508-12) and depicting various
scenes from Genesis.

3.RAFFAELO SANZIO DA URBINO

the youngest of the three great High
Renaissance masters.

1.Sistine Madonna
2. Madonna of the
Chair
3. The School of Athens

4.DONATO DI NICCOLO DI BETTO BARDI

(1386-1466)
one of the best-known sculptors of the
Renaissance
His most famous piece, the bronze David,
was the first free-standing nude statue
made since antiquity

5. Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)

-Primavera'
-The Adoration of the Magi
'Venus and Mars'
The Birth of Venus
6.Giovanni Bellini (1430-1516)
-Portrait of Doge Loredano

5. Baroque (1600-1750) PERIOD

-over-the-top visual arts and architecture.
-characterized by grandeur and richness
-stylistically complex.

Famous Artist during this period

1.Michelangelo Merisi Caravaggio (1573-1610)

-Realistic religious depictions, done on a grand
scale,
-Italian painter
-Known for: dramatic use of lighting in
Baroque paintings
- Death of the Virgins

The Subject in Art

=in any art form- be it painting, music, sculpture,
architecture, o dance that serves as the FOUNDATION
OF THE CREATION of the work of art.
-The subject of art is VARIED. (Varied in terms of CULTURE, ENVIRONMENT
Usually anything that is represented in the artwork.
(person, object, sense, or event.)

Art Presented in 2 Ways:

1.Representational/ objective art
-arts which depict (represent) objects that
are commonly recognized by most people
-Arts that have subjects (paintings,
sculpture, literature, graphic arts, theater
arts)

2.Non- representational/ non- objective art

-Arts that do not have subject (Music, Architecture, and
many of the Functional art)
-They do not present descriptions, stories, or
references to identifiable objects or symbols
-Appear directly to the senses primarily because of the
satisfying organization of their sensuous and
expressive elements.
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART
1.Art Is Universal
2.Nature Is Not Art, and Art Is Not Nature
3.Art is a result of personal experience

FUNCTIONS OF ART
(SUCA)
1.S ocialFunction

2.U tilitarian Function

3.C ultural Function

4.A esthethic Function

1.Social Function
Art performs a social function when: It
influences a human group: for instance,
what products sell well because of their
package design? It is made to be seen
or used in public situations.

Example: FLAGS OF EVERY COUNTRY (because of the design of flags).

2. Utilitarian Function
Art serves this function when it is used
to give comfort, convenience, and
happiness to human beings. It served
basic functions such as clothing, food,
and shelter, and other things that make
humans live with happiness and ease. (EXAMPLES CLOTHING)

3.Cultural Function
Art serves as an aperture towards
skills, knowledge, attitudes, customs,
and traditions of different people.
The art helps preserve, share and
transmit culture of people from one
generation to another. (Ex. FESTIVALS, TATTOOS)

4. Aesthetic Function
Aesthetics is a discipline concerned with the
perception, appreciation, and production of
art. Aesthetic experiences, such as looking at
paintings, listening to music or reading
poems, are linked to the perception of
external objects, but not to any apparent
functional use the objects might have.

ELEMENTS OF ARTS

1.Space
In visual arts, space pertains to emptiness which
may either be positive space or negative space.

Positive space= refers to a part which is enclosed

in a shape ( the actual picture)

negative space= refers to the

opposite part which the shape is enclosing.(the background of the pic)

2)Line
In visual arts, a line is a series of connected points.
It may come in two characteristics:

form - curved,dotted, or broken lines

direction - vertical,
horizontal, or diagonal lines.

Different types of lines may convey different

meanings.
For example:
-horizontal line:
usually suggests calmness,

-vertical lines may

convey strength
-diagonal lines create an
impression of action
-curved lines create an
expression of gradual change of direction

-circular line may pertain an abrupt change of

direction.

3)Shape and Form

Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or
lines. Shapes are two dimensional figures
with height and width.

There are different kinds of shapes and these

are geometric shapes (triangle, squares,
rectangle, etc.),
organic shapes (shapes found
in nature, e.g. shape of a leaf or cloud)

abstract shapes (asymmetrical and free

flowing shapes).

Meanwhile, forms are three

dimensional figures. Its dimensions are
height, width, and volume. Unlike shapes, it
has more depth.

4.Color
In visual arts, color is associated with the
natural phenomenon in our environment.
Scientifically, when a light passes through a
prism, it will produce different hues of
different wavelengths. These colors may
pertain to lightness, darkness, coolness, or
warmth.

5)Value
In visual arts, value is considered a
property of a color which pertains to its
lightness or darkness.

Tint: lightness of the color

Shade: darkness of the color

6)Texture
In visual arts, texture is the element that
appeals to our sense of feel on things,
rough, smooth, bumpy, or slippery. It
pertains to the surface of an art piece.

PRINCIPLE OF ARTS

1) Proportion
Proportion refers to the relationship of
the size of elements in a body of art.

Forexample: when drawing a human

standing beside a house, it is important
to ensure that the size of the human is
proportional to the size of the house.

2)Harmony
In visual arts, harmony is the unity of the
artwork, specifically about the arrangement
of the related elements.

3)Variety
In other terms, variety may be referred
to as diversity. This means adding
multiple, different elements to break the
monotony of an artwork and make it
more interesting.

4)Movement
In arts, movement is the illusion of motion
in a painting, sculpture design, or in a piece
of art.

5. ) Rhythm
This refers to the repetition of certain
elements to produce a pattern. In visual
arts, repeated design elements may
create a certain flow and may lead the
viewer's eyes.

6) Balance
Balance refers to the even and equal
distribution of elements.

7)Emphasis
Emphasis is a principle which may refer to
the greater impact given on a certain
element.

ART AND ARTISANS

Artisans: mga tao, great people

LEONARDO DA VINCI
Born: 04-15-1452, Vinci, Italy
Profile: Painter, Architect, Sculptor, Inventor, Military Engineer and Draftsman.
Died: 05-2- 1519 ,Amboise, France
Quotes: "He who thinks little, errs much" Brian S. Cunal
Famous Works The Last Supper Mona Lisa Vitruvian Man

VINCENT VAN GOGH

Born: 03-30-1853 Zundert, Italy
• Profile: Painter
Died: 07-29-1890 Amboise, France
• Famous Works The Starry Night Sunflowers Irises

MICHAELANGELO
• Born: 4-6-1475, Michelangelo, Italy
• Profile: Painter, Architect, Poet
• Died: 2-18-1564, Rome, Italy
• Quotes: "Genius is eternal patience."
Famous Works David Creation of Adam St. Peter's Basilica

CLAUDE MONET
Born: 11-14-1840, Paris, France
Profile: Painter, Philosopher
Died: 12-5-1926, Giverny, France
Quotes: "The richness I achieve comes from Nature, the
source of my inspiration."
Famous Works Water Lilies Impresion,Sunrise Rouen
Cathedral Series

FRIDA KAHLO
Born: 07-06-1907, Mexico City, Mexico
Profile: Painter
Died: 07-13-1954, Mexico City. Mexico
Quotes:" I never paint dreams or nightmares. I paint my own reality."
Famous Works The Two Fridas SELF
PORTRAIT
NECKLACE AND HUMMINGBIRD The Broken Column.

GEORGIA O'KEEFFE
Born: 11-15-1887, Wisconsin, USA
Profile: Painter
Died: 03-06-1986, New Mexico, USA
Quotes: "The days you work are the best days."
Famous Works Black Irises III Cow's Skull: Red, White and Blue
Radiator Building Night- New York

EDGAR DEGAS
Born: 7-19-1834, Paris, France
Profile: Painter, Sculptor
Died: 9-27-1917, Paris, France
Quotes: "Art is not what you see, but what you make others see.
Famous Works The Abs in The Drinker The Dance Class The Bellelli
Family.

EDVARD MUNCH
Born: 12-12-1863, Adalsbruk, Norway
Profile: Painter
Died: 1-23-1944, Oslo, Norway
Quotes: "From my rotting body, flowers shall grow and I am
in them and that is eternity. "Famous Works The Scream
The Day After The Dance of Life

JACKSON POLLOCK
Born: 1-28-1912, Wyoming, USA
Profile: Painter
Died: 8-11-1956. NY USA
Quotes: "T he painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come
through.
Famous Works The Number 5 The Number 11 The Number 31

PABLO PICASSO
Born: 10-26-1881, Malaga, Spain
Profile: Painter, Sculptor, Ceramicist, Stage Designer, Poet and a Playwright.
Died: 4-8-1973, Mougins, France
Quotes: "Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he
grows up.
Famous Works Guernica The Young Ladies of Avignon The Weeping Woman
GUSTAV KLIMT
Born: 7-14-1862, Baumgarten, Austria
Profile: Painter
Died: 2-6-1918, Vienna, Austria
Quotes: "Truth is like fire; to tell the truth means to glow and
burn.
Famous Works The Kiss Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I The Virgin

HENRY MOORE
Born: 7-30-1898, Castleford, Unite Kingdom
Profile: Sculptor
Died: 8-31-1986
Quotes: "One never knows what each day is going to bring. The important
Thing
is to be open and ready for it."
Famous Works Reclining Figures King and Queen Bird Basket

SALVADOR DALI
Born: 5-11-1904, Figueras, Spain
Profile: Painter, Draftsman
Died: 1-23-1989,Figuerras, Spain
Quotes: "Intelligence without ambition is a bird
without wings."
Famous Works :The Persistence of Memory ,Swans Reflecting Elephants,
Premonition of Civil War

PHILIPPINE ARTS AND

CRAFTS: A CHRONOLOGY

NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

(PAMBANSANG ALAGAD NG SINING NG
PILIPINAS)= The Order is administered by the Cultural
Center of the Philippines by virtue of
President Ferdinand Marcos's Proclamation
# 1001 of April 2, 1972 and the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts.

CRITERIA of being an Artist

1.Living artists who have been Filipino citizens for
the last 10 years prior to the nomination as well
as those who have died after the establishment
of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at
the time of their death.
2. Artists who have helped build a Filipino sense of
nationhood through the content and form of their
works .Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant

3. Artists who have distinguished themselves by

pioneering in a mode of creative expression or style,
making an impact on succeeding generations of
artists.
4. Artists who have created a significant body of
works and/or have consistently displayed excellence
in the practice of their artform, enriching artistic
expression or style.

5. Artists who enjoyed broad acceptance through

prestigious national and/or international recognition,
awards in prestigious national and/or international
events, critical acclaim and/ or reviews of their works,
and/or respect self-esteem from peers within an
artistic group.

PROCEDURE on how to be an Artist

1. Nominations are submitted to the National Artist
Secretariat that is created by the National Artist
Award Committee
2. Experts from the different art fields thn sit a First
Deliberation to prepare the short list of nominees

3. A Second Deliberation, which is a joint meeting of

the Commissioners of the NCCA and the Board of
Trustees of the CCP. decides on the final nominees
4. The list is then forwarded to the President of the
Philippines, who, by Presidential Proclamation,
proclaims the final nominees as members of the
Order of National Artists

HONORS AND PRIVILEGES

-The rank and title of National Artist as proclaimed
by the President of the Philippines.

-The insignia of a National Artist and a Citation

-A lifetime emolument and material and physical

benefits comparable in value to those received by
the highest officers of the land.

- cash award of P200,000 (updated) net of taxes for living

awardees
- cash award of P75,000.00 net of taxes for
posthumous awardees, payable to legal heir/s.
-A monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization
Benefits.

-Life insurance coverage for awardees who are still

insurable
-A state funeral and burial at Libingan ng mga
Bayani
-A place of honor in line with protocolar precedence
at national state functions at cultural events

CATEGORIES
MUSIC:
composition
direction
performance

Dance
choreography
% direction
Performance

THEATER
direction
performance
production
design

LITERATURE
*poetry
fiction
essay
playwriting
•journalism
literary criticism

VISUAL ARTS
Painting
sculpture
printmaking
photography
installation art
*graphic arts
performance art
imaging

ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN AND ALLIED ARTS

architecture design
do interior design
-industrial design
landscape architecture
•fashion design

Period of Spanish colonial art

1.Langit, upa, at Impyerno by Josef Luciano Dans

This wall painting by Josef Luciano Dans will be
found in St. James the Apostle Church in Paete,
Laguna. This painting was dated 1850 and
depicts the heaven, crucifixion of Christ; earth,
Adan and Eve; and hell, sinners with different
Transgressions
.
2.St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral
St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral is located in
Burgos, Vigan City, locos Sur. The original
structure was built in 1574 and replaced as a
church in 1641. The cathedral follows a
Baroque architectural design.

AMERICAN COLONIAL ART

=Modern Art
Modern art refers to the practice
of art from 1860s to 1960s. The
main theme of art works in this
time is national identity.

1.The Making of the Philippine Flag by

Fernando Amorsolo
This painting was made by Fernando
Amorsolo,
"Grand Old Man of
Philippine Art" and born in Manila. It
shows a reminder of the reminder of
traditions and customs of the Filipino.

2. Bayanihan by Carlos "Botong." Francisco

Carlos "Botong" Francisco was born in Angono,
Rizal. This painting by him was dated in 1962.
This mural painting of Carlos "Botong"
Francisco shows the Filipino's bayanihan
tradition. This also shows the distinctive style
of Francisco's painting that showcased his
mastery in arts.

Hernando Ocampo
Works includes:
-Mission Accomplished
-Ina at anak (1951)
-oil on Masonite board
-sarimanok
ANG KUIKOK- he is a NATIONAL ARTIST, VISUAL
ARTS PAINTING
Works includes:

-The Thinking man

-FISH
-FISHERMAN
-Cruxifixtion
-man on fire
-angry figure

FERNANDO AMORSOLO-
NATIONAL ARTIST
VISUAL ARTS PAINTING

Works includes
-women washing clothes
-under the Mango tree

Weaving

Luzon- INABEL WEAVING

MINDANAO- INAOL
VISAYAS- Mat weaving with Spanish influence

By plato
Art as a kind of emulation
Plato's The Republic portrays artists as mimics, and
art as nothing more than a collection of imitations.

By Aristotle
Art as a means of
communication
Art is a representation of a version of reality. Aristotelian philosophy holds that
art has two distinct purposes: it allows for the enjoyment of pleasure, and it
has the power to be instructional, teaching its audience valuable lessons
about life and its surroundings

By Kants
Art as a kind of unbiased evaluation
Kant's Critique of Judgment asserted that the judgment of beauty, which he
regarded to be the foundation of art, was something universal, despite the fact
that it was susceptible to subjectivity. In his understanding of beauty, he
acknowledged that it is subjective.

By Tolstoy
Art as a means of conveying
emotional content
Tolstoy believed that art has a significant function in
communicating
feelings
that
the
creator
has
previously
experienced
to
an
audience
via
communication. Emotions are communicated via art

Color and it’s MEANINGS

Red
Positive:
Physical courage, strength, warmth, energy, basic survival, "fight or
flight', stimulation, masculinity, excitement
Negative:
Defiance, aggression, strain

BLUE (INTELLECTUAL)
Positive:
Intelligence, communication, trust, efficiency, serenity, duty, logic,
coolness, reflection, calm
Negative: Coldness, aloofness, lack of emotion, unfriendliness.

YELLOW (EMOTIONAL)
Positive:
Optimism, confidence, self-esteem, extraversion, emotional strength,
friendliness, creativity
Negative:
Irrationality, fear, emotional fragility, depression, anxiety, suicide

GREEN (BALANCE)
Positive:
Harmony, balance, refreshment, universal love, rest, restoration,
reassurance, environmental awareness, equilibrium, peace
Negative:
Boredom, stagnation, blandness, enervation

VIOLET
Positive:
Spiritual awareness, containment, vision, luxury, authenticity,
truth, quality
Negative:
Introversion, decadence, suppression, inferiority.

ORANGE
Positive:
Physical comfort, food, warmth, security,
sensuality, passion, abundance, fun
Negative:
Deprivation, frustration, frivolity, immaturity

PINK
Positive:
Physical tranquility, nurture, warmth, femininity, love,
sexuality, survival of the species,
Negative:
Inhibition, emotional claustrophobia, emasculation,
physical weakness

BLACK black
Positive: Sophistication, glamour, security, emotional safety,
efficiency, substance.
Negative: Oppression, coldness, menace, heaviness.

BROWN BROWN
Positive: Seriousness, warmth, nature, earthiness,
reliability, support.
Negative: Lack of humor, heaviness, lack ofsophistication.

FELIX RESURRECCION
HIDALGO Y PADILLA
-The Christian Virgins Being
Exposed to Populace
JUAN LUNA Y NOVICIO
-Spolarium

FERNANDO AMORSOLO
-Planting Rice with Mayon Volcano
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
- Father of Philippine Arts
-Oblation

AntonioToledo:
Designed the Manila City
Hall

Father of Philippine
Photography
Eduardo Masferré

Victorio Edades
Father of modern Philippine
Painting

Leandro Locsin
Cultural Center of the
Philippines- CCP

Agnes Losin : NATIONAL ARTIST FOR DANCE

Salvacion Lim -Higgins : NATIONAL ARTIST FOR DESIGN

Marilou Diaz – Abaya: NATIONAL ARTIST FOR FILM AND BROADCASTING

Ricardo
" Ricky" Lee: NATIONAL ARTIST FOR FILM AND BROADCASTING

Gemino Abad: NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE

Fides Cuyugan – Asensio : NATIONAL ARTIST FOR MUSIC

Antonio Tony Mabesa NATIONAL ARTIST FLR THEATRE