Abstract :-

As people are getting smarter, so are the things. While the thought comes up for Smart cities. There is a
requirement for Smart waste management.The idea of Smart Dustbin is for the Smart buildings,
Colleges, Hospitals and Bus stands etc . The Smart Dustbin thus thought is an improvement of normal
dustbin by elevating it to be smart using sensors and logics. Smart Dustbin is a new idea of
implementation which makes a normal Dustbin smart using motor, wheel ,motor driver, and controlling
these using modem . As soon as the Dustbin is use after that we remotely send it back to it position or
without touching the bin we send back its position.

Introduction :-

Dustbins (or Garbage bins, Trash Cans, whatever you call them) are small plastic (or metal) containers
that are used to store trash (or waste) on a temporary basis. They are often used in homes, offices,
streets, parks etc. to collect the waste. In some places, littering is a serious offence and hence public
waste containers are the only way to dispose small waste. Usually, it is a common practice to use
separate bins for collecting wet or dry, recyclable or non-recyclable waste.

In this project, I have designed a simple system called Smart Dustbin using Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor,
and Servo Motor, where the lid of the dustbin will automatically open itself upon detection of human
hand. The smart dustbin is a carefully designed solution that solves the social issue of waste disposal;
the smart dustbin identifies the kind of material being thrown inside it and segregates it into bio or non-
biodegradable.

Hardware :-

(A) Arduino UNO :-

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a
physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or
IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload
computer code to the physical board.

The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics, and for
good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate
piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the board — you can simply
use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn
to program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-
controller into a more accessible package.


The Uno is one of the more popular boards in the Arduino family and a great choice for beginners. The
Arduino hardware and software was designed for artists, designers, hobbyists, hackers, newbies, and
anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments. Arduino can interact with buttons,
LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras, the internet, and even your smart-phone or you’re TV! This
flexibility combined with the fact that the Arduino software is free, the hardware boards are pretty
cheap, and both the software and hardware are easy to learn has led to a large community of users who
have contributed code and released instructions for a huge variety of Arduino-based projects.

(B) Ultrasonic sensor :-

Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave at a frequency above the range of human
hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send the ultrasonic
sound. Our ultrasonic sensors, like many others, use a single transducer to send a pulse and to receive
the echo. The sensor determines the distance to a target by measuring time lapses between the
sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse. Figure shows the pin configuration for ultrasonic sensor
module (HC-SRO4) which includes.

• Vcc (5 volt Supply )

• Trigger pin

• Echo pin

• Gnd (0volt)

Ultrasonic Sensor Specifications:-

• Width: 2.0 cm (¾ in)

• Height: 1.4 cm (½ in)

• Typical price: Around $4

• Supply voltage: 5V

• Operating voltages: 3V or 5V (trigger), 5V all other I/O ports

• Working current: 15mA

• Operating range: 2 cm to 400 cm (1 in – 13 ft)

• Claimed precision: 0.3cm, more realistically: 1cm

• Measuring angle: 15 degrees

• Quiescent Current : : <2mA

• Working Current: 15mA

• Effectual Angle: <15°

• Resolution : 0.3 cm

• Measuring Angle: 30 degree

• Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS

(C) servo motor :-

A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an object with great precision. If you
want to rotate an object at some specific angles or distance, then you use servo motor. It is just made up
of simple motor which run through servo mechanism. If motor is used is DC powered then it is called DC
servo motor, and if it is AC powered motor then it is called AC servo motor. We can get a very high
torque servo motor in a small and light weight packages. Due to these features they are being used in
many applications like toy cars, RC helicopters and planes, Robotics, Machine etc.

Figure 3 displaying the internal infrastructure of the servo motor and figure 4 shows the angular
rotation of the servo motor that how it will perform its angular rotations when a signal will be provided
by microcontroller.

Tiny and lightweight with high output power. Servo can rotate approximately 180 degrees (90 in each
direction), and works just like the standard kinds but smaller. You can use any servo code, hardware or
library to control these servos. Good for beginners who want to make stuff move without building a
motor controller with feedback & gear box, especially since it will fit in small places. It comes with a 3
horns (arms) and hardware.
Micro Servo 9G Specifications

• Weight: 9 g

• Dimension: 22.2 x 11.8 x 31 mm approx.

• Stall torque: 1.8 kgf·cm

• Operating speed: 0.1 s/60 degree

• Operating voltage: 4.8 V (~5V)

• Dead band width: 10 μs

• Temperature range: 0 ºC – 55 ºC Position “0” (1.5 ms pulse) is middle, “90” (~2ms pulse) is all the way
to the left. ms pulse) is all the way to the right, “”-90″ (~1ms pulse) is all the way to the left.

Basic Information Modulation :-

• Analog Torque: 4.8V: 25.0 oz-in (1.80 kg-cm)

• Speed: 4.8V: 0.10 sec/60°

• Weight: 0.32 oz (9.0 g)

• Width: 0.48 in (12.2 mm)

• Height:1.14 in (29.0 mm)

• Motor Type: 3-pole Gear Type: Plastic

• Rotation/Support: Bushing

Additional Specifications:-

• Rotational Range: 180°

• Pulse Cycle: ca. 20 ms

• Pulse Width: 500-2400 µs

Software

Aurdino IDE :-
What’s on the board?

There are many varieties of Arduino boards that can be used for different purposes. Some boards look a
bit different from the one below, but most Arduino have the majority of these components in common:

Power (USB / Barrel Jack)

Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO can be powered
from a USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply that is terminated in a barrel jack.
In the picture above the USB connection is labeled (1) and the barrel jack is labeled.

The USB connection is also how you will load code onto your Arduino board. More on how to program
with Arduino

NOTE: Do NOT use a power supply greater than 20 Volts as you will overpower (and thereby destroy)
you’re Arduino. The recommended voltage for most Arduino models is between 6 and 12 Volts.

Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)

The pins on your Arduino are the places where you connect wires to construct a circuit (probably in
conjunction with a breadboard and some wire. They usually have black plastic ‘headers’ that allow you
to just plug a wire right into the board. The Arduino has several different kinds of pins, each of which is
labeled on the board and used for different functions.

GND : Short for ‘Ground’. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to
ground your circuit.
5V & 3.3V : As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the 3.3V pin supplies 3.3 volts
of power. Most of the simple components used with the Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.

Analog : The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the UNO) are Analog In pins.
These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor (like a temperature sensor) and convert it into a
digital value that we can read.

Digital : Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the UNO). These pins can be
used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed) and digital output (like powering an LED).

PWM : You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 on the
UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for something called Pulse-Width
Modulation (PWM). Think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output (like fading an LED in
and out).

AREF : Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin alone. It is sometimes used
to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.

Reset Button

Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button . Pushing it will temporarily connect the
reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the Arduino. This can be very useful if your
code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it multiple times. Unlike the original Nintendo however,
blowing on the Arduino doesn’t usually fix any problems.

Power LED Indicator

TX RX LEDs

TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quite a bit in electronics to
indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, there are two places on the Arduino
UNO where TX and RX appear — once by digital pins 0 and 1, and a second time next to the TX and RX
indicator LEDs . These LEDs will give us some nice visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or
transmitting data (like when we’re loading a new program onto the board).

Main IC

The black thing with all the metal legs is an IC, or Integrated Circuit . Think of it as the brains of our
Arduino. The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board type to board type, but is usually
from the ATmega line of IC’s from the ATMEL company. This can be important, as you may need to know
the IC type (along with your board type) before loading up a new program from the Arduino software.
This information can usually be found in writing on the top side of the IC. If you want to know more
about the difference between various IC’s, reading the datasheets is often a good idea.

Voltage Regulator

The voltage regulator is not actually something you can (or should) interact with on the Arduino. But it is
potentially useful to know that it is there and what it’s for. The voltage regulator does exactly what it
says — it controls the amount of voltage that is let into the Arduino board. Think of it as a kind of
gatekeeper; it will turn away an extra voltage that might harm the circuit. Of course, it has its limits, so
don’t hook up your Arduino to anything greater than 20 volts.
OBJECTIVES:-

The main objective of this project is to

Design and build a prototype for an automatic open dustbin that can automatically open the lid when it
detects the people who want to throw out their trash. It also can detect the level of the trash that inside
the dustbin.

To get familiar with the Arduino and the respective sensors how to use them for a cause.

To analysis the dustbin program and set it up according to the physical distance for best Working.

Smart Dustbin Circuit Diagram:-

CONNECTIONS:-

Servo Motor SG-90

Red Pin (Servo Motor) with Arduino 3.3v

Black Pin (Servo Motor) with Arduino GND (Ground)

Ultrasonic Sensor

VCC (Sensor) with Arduino 5v

Trig (Sensor) with Arduino Pin 7

Echo (Sensor) with Arduino Pin 6

GND (Sensor) with Arduino GND

Smart dustbin Aurdino programing :-

Programming:-

Working :-

After setting up the Smart Dustbin and making all the necessary connections, upload the code to
Arduino and provide 5V power supply to the circuit. Once the system is powered ON, Arduino keeps
monitoring for any object near the Ultrasonic Sensor.

If the Ultrasonic Sensor detects any object like a hand for example, Arduino calculates its distance and if
it less than a certain predefined value, Arduino will activate the Servo Motor and with the support of the
extended arm, it will list the lid open.
After certain time, the lid is automatically closed.

Conclusion:-

A simple but useful project called Smart Dustbin using Arduino is designed and developed here. Using
this project, the lid of the dustbin stays closed, so that waste is not exposed (to avoid flies and
mosquitos) and when you want dispose any waste, it will automatically open the lid.