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    11.2 The Chemical Properties of The Halogen Elements and The Hydrogen Halides

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    tajwaar0506
    The document discusses the chemical properties of the halogen elements and hydrogen halides. It describes the decreasing reactivity of the halogens as oxidizing agents down the group, which can be explained by their decreasing electronegativity. It also describes how the halogens form hydrogen halides with hydrogen through reactions that decrease in reactivity down the group. Finally, it explains that the thermal stability of the hydrogen halides decreases down the group due to their bond energies weakening as the halogen atomic radius increases and bond overlap decreases.

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    11.2 The Chemical Properties of The Halogen Elements and The Hydrogen Halides

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    tajwaar0506
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    The document discusses the chemical properties of the halogen elements and hydrogen halides. It describes the decreasing reactivity of the halogens as oxidizing agents down the group, which can be explained by their decreasing electronegativity. It also describes how the halogens form hydrogen halides with hydrogen through reactions that decrease in reactivity down the group. Finally, it explains that the thermal stability of the hydrogen halides decreases down the group due to their bond energies weakening as the halogen atomic radius increases and bond overlap decreases.

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    11.2 the Chemical Properties of the Halogen Elements and the Hydrogen Halides

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    The document discusses the chemical properties of the halogen elements and hydrogen halides. It describes the decreasing reactivity of the halogens as oxidizing agents down the group, which can be explained by their decreasing electronegativity. It also describes how the halogens form hydrogen halides with hydrogen through reactions that decrease in reactivity down the group. Finally, it explains that the thermal stability of the hydrogen halides decreases down the group due to their bond energies weakening as the halogen atomic radius increases and bond overlap decreases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views3 pages

    11.2 The Chemical Properties of The Halogen Elements and The Hydrogen Halides

    Uploaded by

    tajwaar0506
    The document discusses the chemical properties of the halogen elements and hydrogen halides. It describes the decreasing reactivity of the halogens as oxidizing agents down the group, which can be explained by their decreasing electronegativity. It also describes how the halogens form hydrogen halides with hydrogen through reactions that decrease in reactivity down the group. Finally, it explains that the thermal stability of the hydrogen halides decreases down the group due to their bond energies weakening as the halogen atomic radius increases and bond overlap decreases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    11.

    2 The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

    1 describe the relative reactivity of the elements as oxidising agents

    Group 17: Oxidising Agents

     Halogens are therefore oxidising agents and get reduced themselves


     The oxidising power of the halogens decreases going down the group (the halogens
    get less reactive)

     This can be explained by looking at their electronegativities:

     The electronegativity of an atom refers to how strongly it attracts electrons towards


    itself in a covalent bond
     Going down the group, the atomic radii of the elements increase which means that the
    outer shells get further away from the nucleus
     An ‘incoming’ electron will therefore experience more shielding from the attraction of the
    1

    positive nuclear charge


    Page

    Md Nurul Islam, B. Sc. (Hons), MS (Chemistry); DU


     The halogens’ ability to accept an electron (their oxidising power) therefore decreases
    going down the group

    2 describe the reactions of the elements with hydrogen and explain their relative reactivity in
    these reactions

    The halogens form hydrogen halides with hydrogen gas. The trend in reactivity is illustrated by their
    reactions (Table 12.3).

    The halogens get less reactive going down Group 17.

    A fluorine atom has the strongest pull on the pair of electrons in a covalent bond, while an iodine atom
    has the weakest attraction for electrons. We can explain this by looking at the atomic radius.The fluorine
    atom is the smallest in the group. Its outer shell is nearer to the attractive force of the nucleus and an
    electron entering its outer shell will also experience the least shielding from the attraction of the
    positive nuclear charge. These factors outweigh the fact that fluorine’s nuclear charge is only 9+
    compared with iodine’s 53+. Therefore fluorine is a much stronger oxidising agent (acceptor of
    electrons) than iodine.

    3 describe the relative thermal stabilities of the hydrogen halides and explain these in terms of
    bond strengths
    2
    Page

    Md Nurul Islam, B. Sc. (Hons), MS (Chemistry); DU


    Thermal Stability of the Hydrogen Halides:

     Thermal stability decrease down the group


     The decrease in thermal stability can be explained by looking at the bond energies of the
    hydrogen-halogen bond
    o Going down the group, the atomic radius of the halogens increases
    o The overlap of its outer shell with a hydrogen atom therefore gives a longer bond
    length
    o The longer the bond, the weaker it is, and the less energy required to break it
    3
    Page

    Md Nurul Islam, B. Sc. (Hons), MS (Chemistry); DU

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