Python Control Flow Statements and Loops

Python Control Flow Statements
and Loops
In Python programming, flow control is the order in which statements or
blocks of code are executed at runtime based on a condition.
Control Flow Statements

The flow control statements are divided into three categories
1. Conditional statements
2. Iterative statements.
3. Transfer statements
Python control flow

statements
Conditional statements
In Python, condition statements act depending on whether a given condition

is true or false. You can execute different blocks of codes depending on the
outcome of a condition. Condition statements always evaluate to either True
or False.
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There are three types of conditional statements.
1. if statement
2. if-else
3. if-elif-else
4. nested if-else
Iterative statements
In Python, iterative statements allow us to execute a block of code repeatedly

as long as the condition is True. We also call it a loop statements.
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Python provides us the following two loop statement to perform some actions
repeatedly
1. for loop
2. while loop
Let’s learn each one of them with the examples
Transfer statements
In Python, transfer statements are used to alter the program’s way of

execution in a certain manner. For this purpose, we use three types of transfer
statements.
1. break statement
2. continue statement
3. pass statements
If statement in Python
In control statements, The if statement is the simplest form. It takes a
condition and evaluates to either True or False.
If the condition is True, then the True block of code will be executed, and if the
condition is False, then the block of code is skipped, and The controller moves
to the next line
Syntax of the if statement
if condition:
statement 1
statement 2
statement n
Python if statements
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Let’s see the example of the if statement. In this example, we will calculate the
square of a number if it greater than 5
Example
number = 6
if number > 5:
# Calculate square
print(number * number)
print('Next lines of code')
Output
36
Next lines of code
If – else statement
The if-else statement checks the condition and executes the if block of code
when the condition is True, and if the condition is False, it will execute
the else block of code.
Syntax of the if-else statement
if condition:
statement 1
else:
statement 2
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If the condition is True, then statement 1 will be executed If the condition

is False, statement 2 will be executed. See the following flowchart for more
detail.
Python if-else statements
Example
password = input('Enter password ')
if password == "PYnative@#29":
print("Correct password")
else:
print("Incorrect Password")
Output 1:
Enter password PYnative@#29
Correct password
Output 2:
Enter password PYnative
Incorrect Password
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Chain multiple if statement in Python
In Python, the if-elif-else condition statement has an elif blocks to chain

multiple conditions one after another. This is useful when you need to check
multiple conditions.
With the help of if-elif-else we can make a tricky decision. The elif statement
checks multiple conditions one by one and if the condition fulfills, then
executes that code.
Syntax of the if-elif-else statement:
if condition-1:
statement 1
elif condition-2:
stetement 2
elif condition-3:
stetement 3
...
else:
statement
Example
def user_check(choice):
if choice == 1:
print("Admin")
elif choice == 2:
print("Editor")
elif choice == 3:
print("Guest")
else:
print("Wrong entry")
user_check(1)
user_check(2)
user_check(3)
user_check(4)
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Output:
Admin
Editor
Guest
Wrong entry
Nested if-else statement
In Python, the nested if-else statement is an if statement inside another if-

else statement. It is allowed in Python to put any number of if statements in
another if statement.
Indentation is the only way to differentiate the level of nesting. The nested if-
else is useful when we want to make a series of decisions.
Syntax of the nested-if-else:
if conditon_outer:
if condition_inner:
statement of inner if
else:
statement of inner else:
statement ot outer if
else:
Outer else
statement outside if block
Example: Find a greater number between two numbers

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num1 = int(input('Enter first number '))

num2 = int(input('Enter second number '))
if num1 >= num2:

if num1 == num2:
print(num1, 'and', num2, 'are equal')
else:
print(num1, 'is greater than', num2)
else:
print(num1, 'is smaller than', num2)
Output 1:
Enter first number 56
Enter second number 15

56 is greater than 15
Output 2:
Enter first number 29
Enter second number 78
29 is smaller than 78
Single statement suites
Whenever we write a block of code with multiple if statements, indentation

plays an important role. But sometimes, there is a situation where the block
contains only a single line statement.
Instead of writing a block after the colon, we can write a statement

immediately after the colon.
Example
number = 56
if number > 0: print("positive")
else: print("negative")
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Similar to the if statement, while loop also consists of a single statement, we

can place that statement on the same line.
Example
x = 1
while x <= 5: print(x,end=" "); x = x+1
Output
1 2 3 4 5
for loop in Python
Using for loop, we can iterate any sequence or iterable variable. The sequence
can be string, list, dictionary, set, or tuple.
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Read the Complete guide on Python for loop.
Python for loop

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Syntax of for loop:
for element in sequence:

body of for loop
Example to display first ten numbers using for loop
for i in range(1, 11):

print(i)
Output
2
3
10
Also, read Nested loops in Python.
While loop in Python

In Python, The while loop statement repeatedly executes a code block while a
particular condition is true.
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In a while-loop, every time the condition is checked at the beginning of the

loop, and if it is true, then the loop’s body gets executed. When the condition
became False, the controller comes out of the block.
Read the Complete guide on Python while loop.

Python while loop
Syntax of while-loop
while condition :
body of while loop
Example to calculate the sum of first ten numbers
num = 10
sum = 0
i = 1
while i <= num:
sum = sum + i
i = i + 1
print("Sum of first 10 number is:", sum)
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Output
Sum of first 10 number is: 55
Break Statement in Python

Read: Complete guide on Python Break, Continue, and Pass.
The break statement is used inside the loop to exit out of the loop. It is
useful when we want to terminate the loop as soon as the condition is fulfilled
instead of doing the remaining iterations. It reduces execution time. Whenever
the controller encountered a break statement, it comes out of that loop
immediately
Let’s see how to break a for a loop when we found a number greater than 5.
Example of using a break statement
for num in range(10):

if num > 5:
print("stop processing.")
break
print(num)
Output
stop processing.
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Continue statement in python

The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration and continue with
the next iteration.
Let’s see how to skip a for a loop iteration if the number is 5 and continue
executing the body of the loop for other numbers.
Example of a continue statement
for num in range(3, 8):

if num == 5:
continue
else:
print(num)
Output
Pass statement in Python

The pass is the keyword In Python, which won’t do anything. Sometimes there
is a situation in programming where we need to define a syntactically empty
block. We can define that block with the pass keyword.
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A pass statement is a Python null statement. When the interpreter finds a pass
statement in the program, it returns no operation. Nothing happens when
the pass statement is executed.
It is useful in a situation where we are implementing new methods or also in

exception handling. It plays a role like a placeholder.
Example
months = ['January', 'June', 'March', 'April']

for mon in months:
pass
print(months)

Python Control Flow Statements and Loops

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Python Control Flow Statements and Loops

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Python Control Flow Statements

Control Flow Statements

Python control flow

In Python, condition statements act depending on whether a given condition

There are three types of conditional statements.

In Python, iterative statements allow us to execute a block of code repeatedly

Let’s learn each one of them with the examples

In Python, transfer statements are used to alter the program’s way of

Syntax of the if statement

Next lines of code

Syntax of the if-else statement

If the condition is True, then statement 1 will be executed If the condition

password = input('Enter password ')

Enter password PYnative@#29

Enter password PYnative

In Python, the if-elif-else condition statement has an elif blocks to chain

Syntax of the if-elif-else statement:

Nested if-else statement

In Python, the nested if-else statement is an if statement inside another if-

Syntax of the nested-if-else:

Example: Find a greater number between two numbers

num1 = int(input('Enter first number '))

if num1 >= num2:

Enter first number 56

Enter second number 15

Enter first number 29

Enter second number 78

Single statement suites

Whenever we write a block of code with multiple if statements, indentation

Instead of writing a block after the colon, we can write a statement

Similar to the if statement, while loop also consists of a single statement, we

Read the Complete guide on Python for loop.

Python for loop

Syntax of for loop:

for element in sequence:

Example to display first ten numbers using for loop

for i in range(1, 11):

Also, read Nested loops in Python.

While loop in Python

In a while-loop, every time the condition is checked at the beginning of the

Read the Complete guide on Python while loop.

Example to calculate the sum of first ten numbers

Sum of first 10 number is: 55

Break Statement in Python

Example of using a break statement

for num in range(10):

Continue statement in python

for num in range(3, 8):

Pass statement in Python

It is useful in a situation where we are implementing new methods or also in

months = ['January', 'June', 'March', 'April']

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