Economically Viable

Intermediate to Long Duration

Hydrogen Energy Storage Solutions
1
for Fossil Fueled Assets

Zhili Feng DOE NETL Advanced Energy Storage Initiative Program

Project Review Meeting
WE New Energy Inc
[email protected]
April 5-6, 2021
Project Team:
Exelon Corporation
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
West Virginia University
WE New Energy
 Project Concept:
Synergistically integrated hydrogen energy storage system with
coal and gas fueled EGUs (SIHES)

H2 to E
Actual hourly grid Desired stable base-
demand fluctuation load operation of
in a week EGUs

E to H2

CISO hourly change in electricity demand 5/31/2020 – 6/7/2020

Grid fluctuation for illustration only

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 Goals of SIHES
 Technical Viability: Enables EGUs to operate at optimal
baseload operation conditions through the use of sufficiently
large storage system to manage the dynamic changes in
electric grid demand and electricity price over intermediate to
long-durations (i.e., from 12 hours to weeks).
 Economic Viability: target added round-trip levelized cost of
L h 10% L ’
3
plant for 30 years operation ($5-10/MWh).
 Phase I
 Focuses a site-specific conceptual design for a fossil power plant
selected from the Exelon fossil fleet, to demonstrate both the
technical and economic feasibility of SIHES.
 Form the basis for subsequent Pre-FEED (Phase II), site
demonstration, and eventual deployment of SIHES in fossil power
generation.

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 Large-scale long-duration hydrogen-based energy storage
for electricity grid

 Technically feasible
 Economically better than batteries
 Viable for fossil power plants?

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 Today H2 based energy storage is better than battery,
but may not be economically viable for long duration
LCOE LCOE cost breakdown of hydrogen
Energy Plant Type
$ per MWh storage system
CHART TITLE
Offshore Wind 130.40
Coal with 30% CCS 104.60 Electrolyzer Compressor Storage Vessel Fuel Cell

Coal with 90% CCS 98.60

Cost of storage vessel Biomass 92.20 6%
16%
Added LCOE accounts for >70% of Advanced Nuclear 77.50

entire system cost Nat Gas Combined Cycle with CCS 67.50
5%
PV Solar 60.00
Li-Battery: $100-300/MWh Proportional to storage Hydro-electric 39.10
Hydrogen system: $50- duration Land Based Wind 55.90
60/WMh The longer the storage Natural Gas Combined Cycle 41.20

Cost of electricity is not duration, the higher Geothermal 41.00

included percentage of storage Additional
vessel sub-system in the Energy Storage System LCOE
73%
entire capital cost $ per MWh
Li-ion Battery 100-300
Today H2 based 50-60
Our H2 based 5-20

5 WE New Energy Basis for analysis:10MW, 7-day storage. 30-year operation

Data source: EIA, NREL, solarcellcentral.com 7/2020 life for hydrogen system, and 10 years for Li-ion battery
6
Proposed R&D
Drastically reduce the Effectively integrating
Techno-economic Target level of
cost of hydrogen storage hydrogen energy storage
optimization performance
subsystem system with fossil assets
•Further develop our •Considerable room and •Optimization of both •Baseline design for a
ultralow cost steel unique opportunities system design and specific type fossil power
concrete composite exist in optimal operation of SIHES for plant selected by Exelon
vessel (SCCV) for integration of SIHES into the highly dynamic •Expected hydrogen
tailored use in SIHES fossil assets storage demands and energy storage
•Scalability electricity fluctuations parameters
•500-1000 kg H2 mass- •Cost target: added
produced vessels in round-trip E-H2-E LCOE
shop in the range of 10% of
•Super sized tens to L ’
hundreds tons of H2 fossil plant (i.e. $5-
(on-site construction) 10/MWh)
•300-800MWh for 1-10
days for 30-year
operation

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 ’ h h-pressure H2
storage vessels

 Commercially available low volume vessels

 Most high-pressure tubes are limited by size such as
lengths and diameters (up 20-30 inches)
 Hydrogen embrittlement concerns (especially
under cyclic loading conditions)
H2 Refueling station in
 No high-strength steels CA

 No weld is allowed Microsoft uses hydrogen fuel cells to power servers for
48 hours straight (July 27, 2020)

 Manufacturing process limited the size of tubes

7 WE New Energy
 Large volume high-pressure vessels require
welding and other different manufacturing
technologies

96-ft Long High-Pressure Steel Vessel for ammonia conversion manufactured in the US in 1970s
 Low-Cost Steel Concrete Composite Vessel (SCCV) 9
for Stationary High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage

 SCCV is an innovative solution specifically designed and engineered

for stationary high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage applications
 Addressing the two critical challenges: high capital cost and safety
concerns of hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels.
 Invented by the PI, US Patent 9,562,646 B2, ASME Pressure Vessel Code
Case 2949
 Novel design
 Eliminate hydrogen embrittlement problem by design
 Enable use of cost-effective commodity materials (concrete and steels)
 Advanced welding, manufacturing and sensor technologies for
reduced cost and improved safety
 w h ’
technologies in the US
 Scalability enabled by advanced welding technologies:
 500 – 2000 kg H2 mass-produced vessels in shop
 Super sized tens to hundreds tons of H2 Vessels (on-site construction)

Manufacturing of first demonstration SCCV

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SCCV is cost competitive 10

 ’ $1000-1500/kg H2
 Our technology:
 $500-600/kg H2 at 875 bar (US price).
 Reference SCCV design: 1500kg H2 in moderate volume
production (24 identical vessels per order)
 Improvement in design, manufacturing and economics of
scale will further reduces the cost to $200-300/Kg H2 at high
volume production

WE New Energy
SIHES could drastically reduce the capital cost of H2 energy
storage, potentially economically viable (preliminary results) 11

LCOE
CHART TITLE Energy Plant Type
Our E-H2-E technology ’ h $ per MWh
CHART TITLE
Electrolyzer Compressor Storage Vessel Fuel Cell
Offshore Wind 130.40
Coal with 30% CCS 104.60
Electrolyzer Compressor Storage Vessel Fuel Cell
Coal with 90% CCS 98.60
14% 6% Biomass 92.20
16% Advanced Nuclear 77.50
Nat Gas Combined Cycle with CCS 67.50
38% PV Solar 60.00
5%
Hydro-electric 39.10
Land Based Wind 55.90
Natural Gas Combined Cycle 41.20
Geothermal 41.00
35%
Additional
Energy Storage System LCOE
73% $ per MWh
13%
Li-ion Battery 100-300
Today H2 based 50-60
Our H2 based 5-20
Basis for analysis:10MW, 7-day storage. 30-year operation life for hydrogen system,
and 10 years for Li-ion battery
Data source: EIA, NREL, solarcellcentral.com 7/2020
WE New Energy
 Team

 WE New Energy Inc (lead)

 Exelon
 Oak Ridge National Laboratory

12
 West Virginia University

WE New Energy