Nanoemulgel 2
Nanoemulgel 2
Nanoemulgel 2
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Article in Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology · May 2020
DOI: 10.5958/0975-4377.2020.00022.1
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RESEARCH aRTICLE
ABSTRACT:
Nanoemulsion was described as a promising delivery system for various drugs, including biopharmaceuticals.
Nanoemulsion is a heterogeneous network consisting of one immiscible liquid that was distributed within
another liquid as droplets. This study aimed to investigate the nanoemulgel as a transdermal delivery system for
a drug that is poorly water-soluble. Different components of nanoemulsion (oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant)
were selected based on the solubility and emulsification capacity. A high-pressure Homogenization technique
was used for Nanoemulsion preparation. The gelling agent was applied to transform nanoemulsion to
nanoemulgel as a gel matrix. Nanoemulgels loaded with drugs were characterized for particle size, SEM,
viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, pH, Stability.
INTRODUCTION: Nanoemulsion:
The emulsion is a dispersed system consisting of small For most medicines, the nanoemulsion method is an
droplets well distributed in a vehicle that is immiscible. ideal drug delivery to optimize effectiveness while
Macroemulsion (droplet of 1 to 100 μm of diameter) is reducing toxicity. Researchers have excogitated the
also known as the conventional emulsion/colloid, the simple delivery of drugs in advancing research into
types of emulsions that classified according to their eminently refined novel dosage forms.
droplets. It is usually unstable with water droplets or
floats with virtually the dispersing phase and medium Nanoemulsion system consists of combining nano ranges
phase, volatile with the absorption of solid particles on of two immiscible liquids (water and oil) to form a
the surface [1]. Whereas microemulsion (droplet homogeneous solution by adding appropriate
between 10-100nm) is an isotropic liquid system with surfactants/cosurfactants with an acceptable HLB value.
more uniform size and excellent physicochemical This stable, thermodynamic system ranges from 10-100
properties and more stable nanoemulsion (droplet nm. Figure 1 describes the various compartments of a
diameter 20-200nm). nanoemulsion that has been stabilized. Nanoemulsion is
a promising option for enhancing the penetration of the
Nanoemulgel is known as the formation of hydrogel drug delivery system and targeting poorly soluble drugs
based on nanoemulsion by adding the integrated by increasing their absorption through the skin,
nanoemulsion system to the hydrogel matrix, which improving drug processing time in the target area and
influences a better penetration of the skin. eventually leading to less side effect [2]. The effects of
nanoemulsion with globules in an emulsion's nano-scale
size do not transmit on the physical properties of the
Received on 29.01.2020 Modified on 10.02.2020 emulsion itself. yet, the bioavailability of therapeutic
Accepted on 20.02.2020 ©AandV Publications All right reserved drugs as a whole was encountered. Research on the
Res. J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech.2020; 12(2): bioavailability of lacidipine via transdermal route has
DOI:
1
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 12(2): April - June, 2020
been 3.5 times higher than that of an oral course which Emulgel is not a new type of formulation and is already
was thought to be due to the avoidance of the first-pass present in the market, as shown in Table 1. On the other
metabolism. hand, Table 2 shows the example of nanoemulgel or
microemulgel formulations that have been prepared
Also, Nanoemulsion improves drug permeation across before.
the skin, which interacts with researchers' interests.
Moreover, the small size of particles, the more The formulation of nanoemulgel for the topical delivery
medication can be introduced into the mixture, which system acts as drug reservoirs which, influence the
then enhances the thermodynamics towards the skin. The release of drugs from the inner stage to the outer phase
drug-affinity for partitioning enhances skin permeation. and then further onto the skin. These release mechanisms
depend on the composition of the network polymer
One of the studies consequently narrates the implications
chains and the crosslink density [4]. Besides that, the
of Nile red (NR) dye loaded in lecithin nanoemulsion
ability of a drug to permeate the skin and successfully
was able to penetrate the skin 9.9-fold higher than the
release of the therapeutic agent is influenced by drug
NR-loaded general emulsion. Besides that, ingredients
affinity to diffuse out from the vehicle and permeate
used in the formulation consisting of ethyl oleate and
through the barrier.
propylene glycol, also act as permeation enhancers.
The greatest obstacle upon transdermal drug delivery Nanoemulgel on intact with skin will release the oil
refers to barrier properties of the stratum corneum a 10 droplets from the gel network. The oil droplets then will
µm to 20µm thick tissue layer with a great composed, penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin and directly
structured lipid/protein matrix. A recent study, of topical deliver the drug molecules without a transfer via the
delivery lipophilic flurbiprofen in nanoemulsion proves hydrophilic phase of nanoemulsions.
an increase in bioavailability by 4.4 times compared to
oral administration [3]. Hence, the nanoemulsion as a
spontaneous emulsifying method which provides
numerous advantages over another carrier such as
polymeric nanoparticle and liposomes, including low-
cost preparation procedure, high hydrophilic and
lipophilic drug loading system to enhance the longer
shelf lives upon preserving the therapeutic agents.
Nanoemulgel:
Nanoemulgel, which known as the formation of
nanoemulsion based on hydrogel is the addition of the
nanoemulsion system intergraded into the hydrogel
Figure 1: Diagram of Stabilized Nanoemulsion.
matrix which influences better skin penetration. This
mixture of nanomulgel has attracted the attention of
many scientists for the development of numerous drugs
that function to treat various kinds of skin disorders.
Table 1: Product of Emulgel Present in the Current Market
Voltaren Emulgel© Novartis Consumer Active ingredient: 100 g Diclofenac diethylamine corresponding to 1g
Health diclofena sodium, propylene glycol. Base: Fatty emulsion in an aqueous gel to
which isopropanol and propylene glycol have been added.
Reumadep Emulgel© ErbozetaEnergia Verde Arnica, Ashwagandha, Myrrh, Ginger, Rosemary, Cloves, Mint.
Emulgel Levorag Monodose© THD LAB Farmaceutici
Meloxic Emulgel© Provet Meloxicam
Benzolait AzEmulgel© Rordermal Benzoylperossido 10%
Coolnac Gel Emulgel 1 %© Chumchon Diclofenac Diethylammonium
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Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 12(2): April - June, 2020
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Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 12(2): April - June, 2020
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Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 12(2): April - June, 2020
ACCELERATED STABILITY STUDIES OF 10. Mitkari BV, Korde SA, Mahadik KR, Kokare CR, Formulation
and evaluation of topical liposomal gel for Fluconazole. Indian
GELLIFIED NANOEMULSION:
journal of pharmaceutical education and research, 2010; 44(4):
Stability studies were performed according to ICH 324-329.
guidelines. The formulations were stored in a hot air 11. Kshirsagar N A. Drug Delivery Systems. Ind. J. Pharmacol, 2000;
oven at 37±2°, 45±2° and 60±2° for 3 months [19]. The 32: S54- S61.
12. Rashmi M. Topical gel: A review august vol. 2008;
samples are analyzed for drug content every two weeks
13. Kong, M., et al., Investigestions on skin hyaluronic acid based on
by UV‐Visible spectrophotometer. A stability study was naoemulsion as transdermal carrier, Carbohydrates polymer,86(2),
carried out by measuring the change in pH of the 2011, p. 837-843.
formulation at a regular interval of time. 14. Khurana, S., N.K. Jain, and P.M.S. Bedi, Nanoemulsion based gel
for transdermal delivery of meloxicam: Physico-chemical,
mechanistic investigation, Life Sciences, 92(6–7), 2013, p. 383-
CONCLUSION: 392.
Nanoemulsions are non-equilibrium, optically 15. Mou, D., et al., Hydrogel thickened nanoemulsion sistem for
transparent thermodynamically stable, metastable topical delivery of lipophilic drugs, International journal of
pharmaceutiucs, 35(1), 2008, p. 270.
dispersion of nano-sized particles having established 16. Bernard, P.B., Modern Aspects of Emulsion Science, Emulsions -
surface tension produced by certain shears, consisting of Recent Advances in Understanding, UK: Royal Science of
an appropriate oil and a definite mixture of surfactants Chemistry, 2012.
and co-surfactants and having the capacity to dissolve 17. Chavda VP, Shah D. A Review on Novel Emulsification
Technique: A Nanoemulsion Research and Reviews. Journal of
large quantities of hydrophobic drugs. The nanoemulsion Pharmacology and Toxicology Studies 2007; 5(1):31-32.
mechanism can be accomplished by means of 18. Bhattacharya S, Prajapati BG. Formulation and Optimization of
homogenizers, low energy emulsification and methods Celecoxib Nanoemulgel. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and
for the inversion of phase temperatures. On top of that, Clinical Research 2017; 10(8):355-356.
19. Vats S, Saxena C, Easwari TS, Shukla VK. Emulsion Based Gel
there are so many controversies concerning the Technique: Novel Approach for Enhancing Topical Drug Delivery
appropriate method of nanoemulsion preparation and it of Hydrophobic Drugs. International Journal for Pharmaceutical
was later proved that nanoemulsions can be formulated Research Scholar 2014; 3(2):2277-7873.
by low-energy emulsification process along with high
shear homogenizer method. Nanoemulgel is also known
as hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsion (HTN), as the
system shows an increase in viscosity compared to the
nanoemulsion system. A stable formulation of
nanoemulsion is enhanced by nanoemulgel, by
decreasing surface and interfacial tension leading to
increased viscosity of the aqueous phase.
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