I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n

ITU-T Series Q
TELECOMMUNICATION Supplement 49
STANDARDIZATION SECTOR
OF ITU (02/2014)

SERIES Q: SWITCHING AND SIGNALLING

Signalling requirements to support IP telephony

ITU-T Q-series Recommendations – Supplement 49

 ITU-T Q-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS
SWITCHING AND SIGNALLING

SIGNALLING IN THE INTERNATIONAL MANUAL SERVICE Q.1–Q.3

INTERNATIONAL AUTOMATIC AND SEMI-AUTOMATIC WORKING Q.4–Q.59
FUNCTIONS AND INFORMATION FLOWS FOR SERVICES IN THE ISDN Q.60–Q.99
CLAUSES APPLICABLE TO ITU-T STANDARD SYSTEMS Q.100–Q.119
SPECIFICATIONS OF SIGNALLING SYSTEMS No. 4, 5, 6, R1 AND R2 Q.120–Q.499
DIGITAL EXCHANGES Q.500–Q.599
INTERWORKING OF SIGNALLING SYSTEMS Q.600–Q.699
SPECIFICATIONS OF SIGNALLING SYSTEM No. 7 Q.700–Q.799
Q3 INTERFACE Q.800–Q.849
DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER SIGNALLING SYSTEM No. 1 Q.850–Q.999
PUBLIC LAND MOBILE NETWORK Q.1000–Q.1099
INTERWORKING WITH SATELLITE MOBILE SYSTEMS Q.1100–Q.1199
INTELLIGENT NETWORK Q.1200–Q.1699
SIGNALLING REQUIREMENTS AND PROTOCOLS FOR IMT-2000 Q.1700–Q.1799
SPECIFICATIONS OF SIGNALLING RELATED TO BEARER INDEPENDENT CALL Q.1900–Q.1999
CONTROL (BICC)
BROADBAND ISDN Q.2000–Q.2999
SIGNALLING REQUIREMENTS AND PROTOCOLS FOR THE NGN Q.3000–Q.3999

For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations.

 Supplement 49 to ITU-T Q-series Recommendations

Signalling requirements to support IP telephony

Summary
Supplement 49 to the Q series of ITU-T Recommendations consists of a technical report that specifies
the signalling requirements to support IP telephony. IP telephony is defined as a service enabling the
exchange of voice information primarily in the form of packets using Internet protocols (IP), while
Internet telephony is defined as a particular application of the Internet, such that Internet telephony
falls outside the scope of this Supplement. Network configurations are classified into four types
(phone-to-phone, IP phone-to-phone, phone-to-IP phone and IP phone-to-IP phone) and the
characteristics of each configuration are described using a general example. The network capabilities
needed to support IP telephony and interworking with legacy telephone networks are identified in this
Supplement. Finally, the signalling requirements and control protocols needed to support IP telephony
services in public networks are identified.

History
Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID*
1.0 ITU-T Q Suppl. 49 2004-03-12 11 11.1002/1000/7274
2.0 ITU-T Q Suppl. 49 2014-02-21 11 11.1002/1000/12162

____________________
* To access the Recommendation, type the URL http://handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web
browser, followed by the Recommendation's unique ID. For example, http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11
830-en.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) i

 FOREWORD
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of
telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical,
operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing
telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes
the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics.
The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1.
In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-T's purview, the necessary standards are
prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.

NOTE
In this publication, the expression "Administration" is used for conciseness to indicate both a
telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.
Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory
provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved
when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words "shall" or some other obligatory language such as
"must" and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest
that compliance with the publication is required of any party.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication may involve the
use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or
applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of
the publication development process.
As of the date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected
by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database
at http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/.

 ITU 2014
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior
written permission of ITU.

ii Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

 Table of Contents
Page
1 Scope............................................................................................................................. 1
2 Introduction................................................................................................................... 1
3 References..................................................................................................................... 1
4 Abbreviations and acronyms ........................................................................................ 6
5 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................... 6
6 Network configurations for using IP telephony............................................................ 7
6.1 Configuration A: Phone-to-phone communication (with IP transit
network) .......................................................................................................... 7
6.2 Configuration B-1: IP phone-to-phone communication ................................. 7
6.3 Configuration B-2: Phone-to-IP phone communication................................. 8
6.4 Configuration C: IP phone-to-IP phone communication................................ 8
7 Network capabilities to support IP telephony ............................................................... 9
7.1 Service aspects................................................................................................ 9
7.2 Charging considerations ................................................................................. 10
7.3 Quality of service (QoS) considerations......................................................... 10
7.4 User identification and addressing considerations ......................................... 11
7.5 Security considerations ................................................................................... 12
8 Network capabilities to support IP telephony interworking between the PSTN and
the IP network ............................................................................................................... 12
9 Network address translation (NAT) and firewalls ........................................................ 14
10 Control protocols for support of IP telephony .............................................................. 14
Appendix I – Supplementary services and the corresponding ITU-T Recommendations
that define them ............................................................................................................ 16
Appendix II – Standard development related to IP telephony ................................................. 18
Appendix III – J-series ITU-T Recommendations in support of IP telephony ........................ 21

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) iii

Supplement 49 to ITU-T Q-series Recommendations

Signalling requirements to support IP telephony

1 Scope
This Supplement identifies the network capabilities that must be satisfied to enable the support of
IP telephony as well as interworking with legacy telephony networks. It identifies the relevant
network configurations, the network functions required to support the IP telephony feature and the
protocol stacks.

2 Introduction
The traffic characteristics of IP-based applications and of voiceband data communications generally,
are significantly different from those of traditional speech communications upon which the
engineering of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) has historically been based.
Transaction-oriented traffic is handled inefficiently by the traditional PSTN, with the "call"
establishment time being at least of the same, and often of a greater, order of magnitude than the
duration of the transactions themselves. This has particularly significance for "e-commerce"
applications. WTSA-2000 (World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly, 2000) created a
working group, (Question 7/11), to investigate approaches to signalling that efficiently directs these
new traffic demands to (an) appropriately engineered network(s), while minimizing the potential for
service degradation experienced by PSTN users.
Furthermore, at WTPF-2001 (World Telecommunication Policy Forum, 2001), four opinions were
adopted regarding the global introduction of IP telephony services. One of these opinions expressed
a need to study the technical issues associated with interworking and the coexistence of the PSTN
and IP-based networks to provide telephony services.
This Supplement completes the study instigated by WTPF-2001 and explains the signalling needed
to support IP telephony, provides example network configurations and identifies the capabilities that
a network must have to support IP telephony.

3 References
[ITU-T E.106] Recommendation ITU-T E.106 (2003), International Emergency Preference
Scheme (IEPS) for disaster relief operations.
[ITU-T E.107] Recommendation ITU-T E.107 (2007), Emergency Telecommunications
Service (ETS) and interconnection framework for national implementations of
ETS.
[ITU-T E.164] Recommendation ITU-T E.164 (1997), The international public
telecommunication numbering plan.
[ITU-T E.370] Recommendation ITU-T E.370 (2001), Service principles when public circuit-
switched international telecommunication networks interwork with IP-based
networks.
[ITU-T G.107] Recommendation ITU-T G.107 (2003), The E-Model, a computational model
for use in transmission planning.
[ITU-T H.235] Recommendation ITU-T H.235 (2003), Security and encryption for H-series
(H.323 and other H.245-based) multimedia terminals.
[ITU-T H.248] Recommendation ITU-T H.248 (2000), Gateway control protocol.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 1

[ITU-T H.323] Recommendation ITU-T H.323 (2003), Packet-based multimedia
communications systems.
[ITU-T H.450.1] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.1(2011), Generic functional protocol for the
support of supplementary services in ITU-T H.323 systems.
[ITU-T H.450.2] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.2 (2011), Call transfer supplementary service
for ITU-T H.323 systems.
[ITU-T H.450.3] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.3 (2011), Call diversion supplementary service
for ITU-T H.323 systems.
[ITU-T H.450.4] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.4 (2013), Call hold supplementary service for
ITU-T H.323 systems.
[ITU-T H.450.5] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.5 (2013), Call park and call pickup
supplementary services for ITU-T H.323 systems.
[ITU-T H.450.6] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.6 (1999), Call waiting supplementary service
for H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.7] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.7 (2013), Message waiting indication
supplementary service for ITU-T H.323 systems.
[ITU-T H.450.8] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.8 (2013), Name identification supplementary
service for ITU-T H.323 systems.
[ITU-T H.450.9] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.9 (2000), Call completion supplementary
services for H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.10] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.10 (2001), Call offering supplementary
services for H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.11] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.11 (2001), Call intrusion supplementary
service for H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.12] Recommendation ITU-T H.450.12 (2001), Common Information Additional
Network Feature for H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.x] Recommendations ITU-T H.450.1 to ITU-T H.450.12 on supplementary
services.
[ITU-T I.250] Recommendation ITU-T I.250 (1988), Definition of supplementary services.
[ITU-T I.251.1] Recommendation ITU-T I.251.1 (1992), Number Identification supplementary
services: Direct dialling in.
[ITU-T I.251.2] Recommendation ITU-T I.251.2 (1992), Multiple Subscriber Number.
[ITU-T I.251.3] Recommendation ITU-T I.251.3 (1992), Calling Line Identification
Presentation.
[ITU-T I.251.4] Recommendation ITU-T I.251.4 (1992), Calling Line Identification
Restriction.
[ITU-T I.251.5] Recommendation ITU-T I.251.5 (1995), Connected Line Identification
Presentation (COLP).
[ITU-T I.251.6] Recommendation ITU-T I.251.6 (1995), Connected Line Identification
Restriction (COLR).
[ITU-T I.251.7] Recommendation ITU-T I.251.7 (1992), Malicious call identification.
[ITU-T I.251.8] Recommendation ITU-T I.251.8 (1992), Sub-addressing supplementary
service.

2 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

[ITU-T I.252.1] Recommendation ITU-T I.252.1 (1988), Call Offering supplementary services:
Call Transfer
[ITU-T I.252.2] Recommendation ITU-T I.252.2 (1992), Call Offering supplementary services:
Call Forwarding Busy.
[ITU-T I.252.3] Recommendation ITU-T I.252.3 (1992), Call Offering supplementary services:
Call Forwarding No Reply.
[ITU-T I.252.4] Recommendation ITU-T I.252.4 (1992), Call Offering supplementary services:
Call Forwarding Unconditional.
[ITU-T I.252.5] Recommendation ITU-T I.252.5 (1992), Call Offering supplementary services:
Call Deflection.
[ITU-T I.252.6] Recommendation ITU-T I.252.6 (1988), Call Offering supplementary services:
Line Hunting (LH).
[ITU-T I.253.1] Recommendation ITU-T I.253.1 (1990), Call completion supplementary
services: Call Waiting (CW) supplementary service.
[ITU-T I.253.2] Recommendation ITU-T I.253.2 (1992), Call completion supplementary
services: Call Hold.
[ITU-T I.253.3] Recommendation ITU-T I.253.3 (1996), Call completion supplementary
services: Completion of calls to busy subscribers.
[ITU-T I.254.1] Recommendation ITU-T I.254.1 (1988), Multiparty supplementary services,
Conference calling (CONF).
[ITU-T I.254.2] Recommendation ITU-T I.254.2 (1992), Multiparty supplementary services,
Three-Party Supplementary Service.
[ITU-T I.255.1] Recommendation ITU-T I.255.1 (1992), Community of Interest supplementary
services: Closed User Group.
[ITU-T I.255.2] Recommendation ITU-T I.255.2 (1996), Community of Interest supplementary
services: Support of Private Numbering Plans.
[ITU-T I.256.1] Recommendation ITU-T I.256.1 (1988), Charging supplementary services:
Credit card calling (CRED).
[ITU-T I.256.2] Recommendation ITU-T I.256.2 (1993), Charging supplementary services:
Advice of charge (AOC).
[ITU-T I.256.3] Recommendation ITU-T I.256.3 (1992), Charging supplementary services:
Reverse charging.
[ITU-T I.257.1] Recommendation ITU-T I.257.1 (1995), Additional Information Transfer
supplementary services: User-to-User Signalling (UUS).
[ITU-T J.160] Recommendation ITU-T J.160 (2005), Architectural framework for the
delivery of time-critical services over cable television networks using cable
modems.
[ITU-T J.161] Recommendation ITU-T J.161 (2007), Audio codec requirements for the
provision of bidirectional audio service over cable television networks using
cable modems.
[ITU-T J.162] Recommendation ITU-T J.162 (2007), Network call signalling protocol for the
delivery of time-critical services over cable television networks using cable
modems.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 3

[ITU-T J.163] Recommendation ITU-T J.163 (2007), Dynamic quality of service for the
provision of real-time services over cable television networks using cable
modems.
[ITU-T J.164] Recommendation ITU-T J.164 (2007), Event message requirements for the
support of real-time services over cable television networks using cable
modems.
[ITU-T J.165] Recommendation ITU-T J.165 (2007), IPCablecom Internet signalling
transport protocol (ISTP).
[ITU-T J.166] Recommendation ITU-T J.166 (2007), IPCablecom Management Information
base (MIB) framework.
[ITU-T J.167] Recommendation ITU-T J.167 (2007), Media Terminal Adapter (MTA) device
provisioning requirements for the delivery of real time services over cable
television networks using cable modems.
[ITU-T J.168] Recommendation ITU-T J.168 (2005), IPCablecom Media Terminal Adapter
(MTA) MIB requirements.
[ITU-T J.169] Recommendation ITU-T J.169 (2005), IPCablecom network call signalling
(NCS) MIB requirements.
[ITU-T J.170] Recommendation ITU-T J.170 (2005), IPCablecom security specification.
[ITU-T J.171] Recommendation ITU-T J.171 (2005), IPCablecom Trunking Gateway Control
Protocol (TGCP).
[ITU-T J.172] Recommendation ITU-T J.172 (2005), IPCablecom management event
mechanism.
[ITU-T J.173] Recommendation ITU-T J.173 (2005), IPCablecom embedded MTA primary
line support.
[ITU-T J.174] Recommendation ITU-T J.174 (2005), IPCablecom interdomain quality of
service.
[ITU-T J.175] Recommendation ITU-T J.175 (2005), Audio server protocol.
[ITU-T J.176] Recommendation ITU-T J.176 (2005), IPCablecom management event
mechanism MIB.
[ITU-T J.177] Recommendation ITU-T J.177 (2005), IPCablecom CMS subscriber
provisioning specification.
[ITU-T J.178] Recommendation ITU-T J.178 (2005), IPCablecom CMS to CMS signalling.
[ITU-T P.800] Recommendation ITU-T P.800 (1996), Methods for subjective determination of
transmission quality.
[ITU-T P.862] Recommendation ITU-T P.862 (2001), Perceptual evaluation of speech quality
(PESQ): An objective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of
narrow-band telephone networks and speech codecs.
[ITU-T Q.761] Recommendation ITU-T Q.761 (1999) – Signalling System No. 7 ISDN User
Part functional description.
[ITU-T Q.762] Recommendation ITU-T Q.762 (1999) – Signalling System No. 7 ISDN User
Part general functions of messages and signals.
[ITU-T Q.763] Recommendation ITU-T Q.763 (1999) – Signalling System No. 7 ISDN User
Part formats and codes.

4 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

[ITU-T Q.764] Recommendation ITU-T Q.764 (1999) – Signalling System No. 7 ISDN User
Part signalling procedures.
[ITU-T Q.1902.1] Recommendation ITU-T Q.1902.1 (2001) – Bearer Independent Call Control
protocol (Capability Set 2): Functional description.
[ITU-T Q.1902.2] Recommendation ITU-T Q.1902.2 (2001) – Bearer Independent Call Control
protocol (Capability Set 2) and Signalling System No. 7 ISDN User Part:
General functions of messages and parameters.
[ITU-T Q.1902.3] Recommendation ITU-T Q.1902.3 (2001) – Bearer Independent Call Control
protocol (Capability Set 2) and Signalling System No. 7 ISDN User Part:
Formats and codes.
[ITU-T Q.1902.4] Recommendation ITU-T Q.1902.4 (2001) – Bearer independent call control
protocol (Capability Set 2): Basic call procedures.
[ITU-T Q.2920] Recommendation ITU-T Q.2920 (2003) – Broadband integrated services
digital network (B-ISDN) – Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 2
(DSS 2): Call/connection control for the support of ATM-MPLS network
interworking.
[ITU-T Q.Supp 62] ITU-T Q-series Recommendations – Supplement 62 (2014) – Overview of the
work of standards development organizations and other organizations on the
emergency telecommunications service.
[ETSI TS 101 878] V1.1.1: Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over
Networks (TIPHON) Release 3; Service Capability Definition; Service
Capabilities for a simple call.
[ETSI TS 101 878] V4.1.1: Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over
Networks (TIPHON) Release 4; "Service Capability Definition; Service
Capabilities for TIPHON Release 4.
[ETSI TS 101 878] V5.1.1: Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over
Networks (TIPHON) Release 5; Service Capability Definition; Service
Capabilities for a Multi Media Call.
[ETSI TS 101 315] V1.1.1: Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over
Networks (TIPHON) Release 3; Functional entities, information flow and
reference point definitions; Guidelines for the application of TIPHON
functional architecture to inter-domain services.
[ETSI TS 101 315] V4.1.1: Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over
Networks (TIPHON) Release 4; Information flow and reference point
definitions; Implementation of service capabilities.
[IETF RFC 2916] IETF RFC 2916 (2000), E.164 number and DNS.
[IETF RFC 3261] IETF RFC 3261 (2002), SIP: Session Initiation Protocol.
[IETF RFC 3262] IETF RFC 3262 (2002), Reliability of Provisional Responses in the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP).
[IETF RFC 3323] IETF RFC 3323 (2002), A Privacy Mechanism for the Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP).
[IETF RFC 3325] IETF RFC 3325 (2002), Private Extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP) for Asserted Identity within Trusted Networks.
[IETF RFC 4566] IETF RFC 4566 (2006), SDP: Session Description Protocol.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 5

[IETF RFC 5359] IETF RFC 5359 (2008), Session Initiation Protocol Service Examples.

4 Abbreviations and acronyms

This Supplement uses the following abbreviations and acronyms:
DNS Domain Name System
ENUM Telephone Number Mapping
ETS Emergency Telecommunications Service
IEPS International Emergency Preference Scheme
IWF Interworking Function
NAT Network Address Translation
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
STP Signalling Transfer Point
URI Uniform Resource Identifier

5 Terms and definitions

This Supplement uses the following terms and definitions:
5.1 media gateway (MG): A media gateway converts the media provided by one type of network
to the format required by another type of network. For example, an MG could terminate bearer
channels from a switched circuit network (e.g., DS0s) and media streams from a packet network (e.g.,
RTP streams in an IP network). This gateway could be capable of processing audio, video and
ITU-T T.120 multimedia signals alone or in any combination, and would be capable of full-duplex
media translations. The MG may also play audio/video messages and perform other interactive voice
response (IVR) functions, or provide media conferencing. In the context of this Supplement, the term
"media gateway" refers to a voice gateway.
5.2 media gateway controller (MGC): A media gateway controller controls the parts of the call
state that pertain to connection control for the media channels in a media gateway (MG).
5.3 call agent (CA): Function that controls the provision of services to users.
5.4 telephone number mapping (ENUM): Protocols for mapping telephone numbers to IP
phone identifiers (i.e., ITU-T E.164 numbers to URIs).
5.5 IP network: An IP network is a network that uses IP technologies to transport information.
It may be a Private IP network, or a Carrier's network.
5.6 phone: Phone refers to a PSTN terminal.
5.7 IP phone: IP phone refers to a terminal (e.g., dedicated voice terminal or multipurpose
personal computer) that is connected directly (e.g., through an Ethernet interface or an xDSL line) to
an IP network.
5.8 IP telephony: IP telephony is a service that enables the exchange of voice information,
primarily in the form of packets, using IP protocols.
5.9 Internet telephony: The combination of the term 'Internet' with the term 'telephony' is
regarded as a specific use of the Internet, rather than a service. The Internet offers many capabilities
to users, including the ability to carry bidirectional speech in real time or near real time. This is
considered to be an intrinsic capability of the Internet and not a telecommunication service.

6 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

NOTE – Internet telephony is a particular application of the Internet and, therefore, falls outside of the scope
of this Supplement.

6 Network configurations for using IP telephony

In this clause, the network configuration, charging and numbering plans needed to support
IP telephony are introduced as a general example. This Supplement discusses the following four
network configurations.
Configuration A: phone-to-phone communication;
Configuration B-1: IP phone-to-phone communication;
Configuration B-2: phone-to-IP phone communication;
Configuration C: IP phone-to-IP phone communication.
The remaining subclauses describe the characteristics of each configuration.

6.1 Configuration A: Phone-to-phone communication (with IP transit network)

This configuration (see Figure 6-1) uses the PSTN to originate and terminate a call (using the
switching function of an existing PSTN) and converts speech into IP packets in the transit network.
In the IWF (such as MG, MGC, SG functions) between the PSTN and IP network at the originating
and terminating sides, control signalling (ISUP – H.323/SIP conversion) and information signalling
(64 kbit/s bearer – IP packet conversion) are converted. In the IP network, a call is controlled by the
H.323/SIP protocol. A user dials a phone number to identify the terminating phone terminal and also,
in some cases, additional information (e.g., through the use of prefix dialling) to select an IP transit
network.

PSTN PSTN
CA
STP MGC MGC STP

IP network
Transit Transit
exchange MG MG exchange

Local Local
exchange exchange

Phone Phone
(ITU-T E.164) (ITU-T E.164)
Q Supp.49(14)_F6-1

Figure 6-1 – Network configuration A (phone-to-phone communication)

6.2 Configuration B-1: IP phone-to-phone communication

In this configuration (see Figure 6-2), the originating network is an IP network and the terminating
network is a PSTN.
In the IWF (such as MGC, MG, SG functions) between a PSTN and an IP network at the terminating
side, the signalling protocol (ISUP – H.323/SIP conversion) and the user information (64-kbit/s
bearer – IP packet conversion) are converted. In the IP network, a call is controlled by the H.323/SIP
protocol. The originating IP phone user dials a phone number to identify the terminating phone
terminal.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 7

 PSTN
CA
STP MGC

Transit IP network
exchange MG

Local
exchange

Phone IP Phone
(ITU-T E.164)
Q Supp.49(14)_F6-2

Figure 6-2 – Network configuration B-1 (IP phone-to-phone communication)

6.3 Configuration B-2: Phone-to-IP phone communication

In this configuration (see Figure 6-3), the originating network is a PSTN and the terminating network
is an IP network.
In the IWF (such as MGC, MG, SG functions) between a PSTN and IP network at the originating
side, the signalling protocol (ISUP – H.323/SIP conversion) and the information (64-kbit/s bearer –
IP packet conversion) are converted. In the IP network, a call is controlled by the H.323/SIP protocol.
The originating phone user dials a phone number to identify the terminating IP phone terminal.
PSTN
CA
STP MGC

Transit IP network
exchange MG

Local
exchange

Phone IP Phone
(ITU-T E.164)
Q Supp.49(14)_F6-3

Figure 6-3 – Network configuration B-2 (phone-to-IP phone communication)

6.4 Configuration C: IP phone-to-IP phone communication

In this configuration (see Figure 6-4), all networks are IP. Calls are controlled by H.323/SIP signalling
in the IP network. The terminating IP phone user is identified by an ID (e.g., a sequence of
alphanumeric characters). The network operator assigns an ID to each user as they are registered. In
addition to IDs, the IP phones can also have phone numbers which can be used for dialling (in the
call control level IDs are used).

8 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

 CA

IP network

Q Supp.49(14)_F6-4
IP Phone (ID) IP Phone (ID)

Figure 6-4 – Network configuration C (IP phone-to-IP phone communication)

7 Network capabilities to support IP telephony

This clause identifies the required functions and the related control protocols.

7.1 Service aspects

7.1.1 International IEPS/ETS
In the event of a natural or man-made disaster, the international communication networks may
become congested. It is a requirement of [ITU-T E.106] and [ITU-T E.107] that international
emergency agencies and relief organizations authorized by the home government be able to
communicate. The user authentication and authorization of IEPS/ETS subscribers should be
automated to support such emergency situations. To facilitate this service requirement, signalling
requirements and protocols are being amended to support the priority handling of IEPS/ETS calls
across the international network.
NOTE – The signalling requirements for IEPS/ETS are being studied by the relevant standards organizations.
The status of the studies being performed by the relevant standards organizations is shown in Appendix II.
7.1.2 Support of emergency calls
Among those calls invoked from an IP network (Configurations B-1, C), emergency calls (911 in
North America, 999 in the United Kingdom, 112 in Europe) are not supported in many cases, so that
an alternative means is required, such as calling from the PSTN instead of the IP network. In the
future, to popularize IP telephony, emergency call services must be supported. In some countries, it
is already a regulatory requirement to support the emergency call, including cases where the call is
invoked from an IP network. The systems used to respond to emergency calls and emergency services
will vary within each country depending on the implementations. The following are examples of the
issues that must be solved to enable the support of emergency calls:
– Appropriate routing to the nearest emergency call centre within the calling area when using
the common specific number for a given country.
– The method used to realize the signalling used to recognize the priority level of an emergency
call when interworking the PSTN network and IP network.
– The QoS requirements for an emergency call.
For calls invoked from the PSTN (Configurations A, B-2), emergency calls are supported by the
features of the local exchange and the issues mentioned above are not an issue with the current
telephone network technology.
NOTE – The procedure used to support emergency calls in a national network depends on the given country's
regulations.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 9

7.1.3 Support of location-dependent services
For those calls invoked from an IP network (configurations B-1, C), with routing to the appropriate
destination depending on the calling area, it is necessary to consider the support of services for
selecting the destination according to the local calling area (e.g., services that connect to an
announcement centre in the local calling area to provide local weather forecast information). As a
concrete solution, a means of fixing the destination using location information for the access router
that accommodates the calling user must be devised.
For calls invoked from the PSTN (configurations A, B-2), support of location-dependent services is
provided by the features of the local exchange. The issues mentioned above are not an issue with the
current telephone network technology.
7.1.4 Support of supplementary services
To ensure the popularization of IP telephony, supplementary services (call hold, call transfer and so
on) must be supported in addition to the basic call services. Regarding some of the supplementary
services that are supported by the PSTN, their ITU-T H.323 counterparts are defined in the
[ITU-T H.450.x] subseries of ITU-T Recommendations, while services for SIP are defined within
IETF. For phone-to-phone (configuration A), the supplementary services are defined in the ITU-T
I.251.x subseries of ITU-T Recommendations and it is felt that it would be better to support the same
supplementary services for IP telephony. The supplementary services that are supported by each
Recommendation are shown in Appendix I.
NOTE 1 – The scenario for migrating services from PSTN to IP telephony must be discussed and the step-by-
step development method may be adapted to service developments. This issue is one of the ongoing study
items covered by ITU-T.
NOTE 2 – The signalling requirements for supporting IP telephony over an IP cable network must be taken
into account.

7.2 Charging considerations

Signalling requirements related to charging require further study.

7.3 Quality of service (QoS) considerations

Regarding the quality of IP telephony, the following issues require consideration.
– For evaluating call quality, the objective evaluation method is defined in [ITU-T G.107]
(R value) and [ITU-T P.862] (PESQ) and the subjective evaluation method is defined in
[ITU-T P.800] (MOS value). Currently, ITU-T SG 12 is developing a standard for assessing
voice transmission quality based on IP protocol information, ETSI TIPHON, while the
Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) in the United States as well as the Japan's
Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications have adopted
the R value as the index of the quality class (the QoS category) for IP telephony. Currently,
there is no unified evaluation method and no consensus for mapping between the quality class
and service level. Instead, this is dependent on the regulations in each country.
– The Diffserv and the MPLS that are defined in the IETF are regarded as being effective means
of distinguishing between data traffic that constitutes non-real-time communication and IP
telephony that constitutes real-time communication over the IP network, while controlling
the quality of the traffic to assure each service.
– When a call that causes the capacity set for IP telephony to be exceeded, is made over the
IP network, quality degradation of the calls that are in progress is assumed by the newly
established call. To assure the quality of the current calls, there is a need for a method of
controlling the number of connections made at any one time. For instance, a call that would
cause the set capacity to be exceeded should be rejected by the CA control mechanism.

10 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

– To protect a network from burst traffic such as that which arises in the event of a disaster or
upon the occurrence of some major event and to assure the quality as much as possible,
appropriate congestion control is necessary by ensuring cooperation between the IP network
and the PSTN.
– These features of the congestion control must be able to cooperate with the traffic control
mechanism of the PSTN and studies must be done to determine how to realize a control
mechanism for calls originating in the IP network and incoming calls from the PSTN or
outgoing calls to the PSTN.
NOTE 1 – The current description in this clause includes the status of the studies of the relevant standards
organizations from the viewpoint of background information.
NOTE 2 – The signalling requirements for IP-QoS are being studied by the relevant standards organizations.
The statuses of the studies being performed by the relevant standards organizations are shown in Appendix II.

7.4 User identification and addressing considerations

There are several possibilities related to the building of a numbering space for IP telephony. The
following cases are examples of these kinds of addressing and numbering aspects:
– A call terminating to a phone (configurations A, B-1) can connect to the destination provided
that the originating phone, or IP phone, specifies the existing ITU-T E.164 number of the
destination phone terminal. For a call made from a phone to an IP phone (configuration B-2),
the ITU-T E.164 number has to be assigned to the terminating IP phone because the
ITU-T E.164 number is specified by the calling phone. It is possible to make a connection by
using the IP address without using the ITU-T E.164 number in the case of an IP phone-to-IP
phone connection (configuration C). But, when the ITU-T E.164 number is assigned to an IP
phone, a call established by dialling an ITU-T E.164 number is also possible.
– The URIs within particular IP domains could be of a different format (e.g., SIP, SIPS or TEL
URI), such that translation at the IP domain borders should be taken into account.
– When an ITU-T E.164 number is assigned to a terminal within an IP network, ENUM can be
used. This is being studied as a means of enabling translation from the ITU-T E.164 number
into the IP terminal address. The ENUM is defined in [IETF RFC 2916], E.164 number and
DNS. An overview is shown in Figure 7-1.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 11

 Phone
(ITU-T E.164)

1) ITU-T E.164 number + 1 123

- 456
- 7890
-
PSTN
1)

MGC 2) ENUM domain name

MG 0.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.1.E.164.TLD

2) 3)
IP network ENUM
3) Address （SIP address, etc. ）
ENUM-DNS

IP phone
Q Suppl.49(14)_F7-1

Figure 7-1 – Overview of ENUM

NOTE – Further study is required to enable the support of ENUM as a translation mechanism between the
ITU-T E.164 and IP terminal address such that different environments can be handled.
– There are several possible means of translating ITU-T E.164 numbers into IP terminal
addresses to support connectivity from ISDN/PSTN to an IP terminal. One possibility is the
use of existing databases (like RADIUS), in which the IP terminal address and ITU-T E.164
number of the IP user are already registered.

7.5 Security considerations

The security of IP telephony faces the following common issue, regardless of the network
configuration (configurations A, B-1, B-2, C).
A mechanism is necessary to protect the user and system from bugging, camouflage, illicit access to
the IP network, cracking and cyber terrorism. The ITU-T recommends the use of authentication and
encryption in ITU-T H.235 for communication with ITU-T H.323. A similar means of authentication
and encryption is also recommended for SIP.

8 Network capabilities to support IP telephony interworking between the PSTN and the
IP network
The following two network-to-network interfaces (NNI) exist, according to the network
configuration.
1) NNI between IP-IP networks (configurations A, B-1, B-2, C).
2) NNI between PSTN-IP networks (configurations A, B-1, B-2).
The network configurations for IP phone-to-phone and phone-to-IP phone (configurations B-1, B-2)
are shown below as an example.
In the case of Figure 8-1, NNI between IP-IP networks, when the protocol (ITU-T H.323, SIP, and
so on) being used by the IP network differs between carriers, a study of the protocol conversion
feature is necessary. Also, in the future, it will be necessary to study the agreement on the quality
assurance and quality evaluation between the different IP network carriers.

12 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

 Carrier A Carrier B
PSTN

ITU-T H.323, SIP etc

STP MGC CA CA

IP network IP network
Transit
exchange MG RTP

Local
exchange

Phone
(ITU-T E.164) IP Phone

Q Supp.49(14)_F8-1

Figure 8-1 – Network configuration connecting carriers (NNI between IP-IP networks)

Carrier A Carrier B
PSTN
CA
ISUP (SS7)
STP MGC

IP network
Transit SDH
exchange MG

Local
exchange

Phone
(ITU-T E.164) IP Phone

Q Supp.49(14)_F8-2

Figure 8-2 – Network configuration connecting carriers (NNI between PSTN-IP networks)
NOTE – A study of the signalling requirement for the interworking between the PSTN and the IP network
must be done by ITU-T.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 13

9 Network address translation (NAT) and firewalls
The technology that is key to an IP network has, to date, proven to be a challenge to IP telephony
(configurations B-1, B-2, C) and incorporates network address translation (NAT) and firewalls.
NAT is a protocol device that translates a global IP address to a private IP address. When using
ITU-T H.323 and SIP with a terminal that has been assigned a private address, the private address is
included in the message for ITU-T H.323 and SIP but the private IP address contained in the message
is not translated to a global IP address by the NAT. As a result, the private IP address is notified to
the terminating terminal as the originating terminal IP address and the IP packets sent to the
originating terminal from the terminating terminal fail to reach their destination. Private IP addresses
are not used by the popular IPv6, but are used by the current IPv4 network. Some solutions have been
proposed, namely, the NAT traversal feature with universal plug and play (UPnP) and simple
traversal of UDP over NATs (STUN) methods.
A firewall has a feature that either passes or blocks IP packets according to the TCP/UDP port
number, but the port number of the real-time transfer protocol (RTP) for voice communication with
ITU-T H.323 is different in each negotiation. Therefore, the firewall cannot specify a port setting. As
a result, the ITU-T H.323 and SIP protocols cannot traverse a firewall.
NOTE – The status of the studies being performed by the relevant standards organizations is shown in
Appendix II.

10 Control protocols for support of IP telephony

This clause describes the protocol stacks used for the call control and media transport in IP telephony.
Call control protocols: SIP (IETF), H.323 (ITU-T), BICC (ITU-T).
Media gateway control protocols: H.248 (ITU-T)/Megaco (IETF).
Signalling transport protocols: UDP (IETF), TCP (IETF) and SCTP (IETF) including the specified
adaptation layers.
Media transport protocols: RTP/RTCP (IETF) over UDP (IETF).
An example of the adaptation of each protocol for configurations B-1 and B-2 is shown in Figure 10-1,
while a protocol stack is shown in Figure 10-2.
PSTN

STP SG MGC

H.248/ H.323/SIP
Transit MEGACO
exchange MG IP network CA

Local H.323/SIP
RTP/RTCP
exchange

Phone IP Phone
(ITU-T E.164)
Q Supp.49(14)_F10-1

Figure 10-1 – Example of protocol adoption

14 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

 IP phone/ 1) 2) 3)
CA MGC MG MG IP phone
MGC

H.248/
H.323/SIP MEGACO RTP/RTCP

SCTP/TCP/UDP TCP/UDP UDP

IP IP IP
Layer 2 Layer 2 Layer 2
Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1
Q Suppl.49(14)_F10-2

4)
SG MGC

SS7 upper layer

SCTP
Adaptation layer

IP
Layer 2
Layer 1

Figure 10-2 – Protocol stack (example for configurations B-1 and B-2)
NOTE – Figures 10-1 and 10-2 are examples of protocol adoption. These figures are intended to act as a
starting point for further discussion regarding the protocols for supporting IP telephony. The various protocols
should be considered and added to these figures.
Applicability of the J-series Recommendations in support of IP telephony is for further study.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 15

 Appendix I

Supplementary services and the corresponding

ITU-T Recommendations that define them
Table I.1 lists the supplementary services defined in the ITU-T I.251, ITU-T I.252, ITU-T I.253,
ITU-T I.254, ITU-T I.255, ITU-T I.256 and ITU-T I.257 series of Recommendations.

Table I.1 – Example supplementary services defined for PSTN

Recommendation Supplementary service
[ITU-T I.250] Definition of supplementary services
[ITU-T I.251.1] Direct-Dialling-In (DDI)
[ITU-T I.251.2] Multiple Subscriber Number (MSN)
[ITU-T I.251.3] Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP)
[ITU-T I.251.4] Calling Line Identification Restriction (CLIR)
[ITU-T I.251.5] Connected Line Identification Presentation (COLP)
[ITU-T I.251.6] Connected Line Identification Restriction (COLR)
[ITU-T I.251.7] Malicious Call Identification (MCI)
[ITU-T I.251.8] Sub-addressing supplementary service (SUB)
Call offering supplementary services
[ITU-T I.252.1] Call Transfer (CT)
[ITU-T I.252.2] Call Forwarding Busy (CFB)
[ITU-T I.252.3] Call Forwarding No Reply (CFNR)
[ITU-T I.252.4] Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU)
[ITU-T I.252.5] Call Deflection (CD)
[ITU-T I.252.6] Line Hunting (LH)
Call Completion supplementary services
[ITU-T I.253.1] Call Waiting (CW)
[ITU-T I.253.2] Call Hold (HOLD)
[ITU-T I.253.3] Completion of calls to busy subscribers (CCBS)
Multiparty supplementary services
[ITU-T I.254.1] Conference Calling (CONF)
[ITU-T I.254.2] Three-Party Service (3PTY)
Community of Interest supplementary services
[ITU-T I.255.1] Closed User Group (CUG)
[ITU-T I.255.2] Support of Private Numbering Plans (PNP)
Charging supplementary services
[ITU-T I.256.1] Credit card calling (CRED)
[ITU-T I.256.2] Advice of charge (AOC)
[ITU-T I.256.3] Reverse charging (REV)
[ITU-T I.257.1] Additional Information Transfer supplementary services
User-to-User Signalling (UUS)

16 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

Table I.2 lists the supplementary services defined for ITU-T H.323 in the [ITU-T H.450.x]
subseries of ITU-T Recommendations, as well as the supplementary services defined for SIP
[IETF RFC 5359].

Table I.2 – Example supplementary services defined for IP telephony

Recommendation Supplementary service

[ITU-T H.450.1] Generic functional protocol for the support of supplementary services in ITU-T
H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.2] Call transfer supplementary service for ITU-T H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.3] Call diversion supplementary service for ITU-T H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.4] Call hold supplementary service for ITU-T H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.5] Call park and call pickup supplementary services for ITU-T H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.6] Call waiting supplementary service for H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.7] Message waiting indication supplementary service for ITU-T H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.8] Name identification supplementary service for ITU-T H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.9] Call completion supplementary services for H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.10] Call offering supplementary services for H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.11] Call intrusion supplementary service for H.323.
[ITU-T H.450.12] Common Information Additional Network Feature for H.323.
Supplementary services defined for SIP [IETF RFC 5359]
Call Hold – Consultation Hold, Music On Hold
Unattended Transfer, Attended Transfer
Call Forwarding Unconditional, Call Forwarding – Busy, Call Forwarding – No Answer
3-way Conference – Third Party is Added, 3-way Conference – Third Party Joins
Single-Line Extension
Find-Me
Call Management (Incoming Call Screening), Call Management (Outgoing Call Screening)
Call Park
Call Pickup
Automatic Redial
Click to Dial

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 17

 Appendix II

Standard development related to IP telephony

Table II.1 lists standard development studies being undertaken by international standards
organizations.

Table II.1 – Example status of studies being undertaken by

international standards organizations
Recommendations
Clause Item Content Organization
/drafts
Service
ITU-T SG 2
description
Overall
ITU-T SG 13
requirements
Signalling
ITU-T SG 11
requirements
International [ITU-T Q.Supp 62]
ITU-T H.323 and
IEPS/ETS ITU-T H.248 Note 5
related ITU-T SG 16
requirements and
7.1 Service protocol
aspects Multiple other SDOs
Other aspects and Other
Organizations
Support of Fire, police,
Note 1 Note 1
emergency calls ambulance
Support of
Weather forecast
location-dependent Note 1 Note 1
information
services
Support of ITU-T SG 16 [ITU-T H.450.x]
supplementary Various services
services IETF sipping-WG Note 3
7.2 Charging ITU-T SG 2, ITU-T
– – –
aspects SG 3

18 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

 Table II.1 – Example status of studies being undertaken by
international standards organizations
Recommendations
Clause Item Content Organization
/drafts
Diffserv IETF (diffserv-WG） IETF RFC 2474
ITU-T SG 11 [ITU-T Q.2920],
ITU-T Q. Suppl. 46
Signalling (Note 4)
requirements and MPLS
protocols for QoS ITU-T SG 13 ITU-T Y.1411,
ITU-T Y.1412
IETF (mpls-WG) IETF RFC 3031
IP-QoS ITU-T SG 11 Note 4
R value [ITU-T G.107]
PESQ [ITU-T P.862]
Speech quality ITU-T SG 12
PSQM ITU-T P.861
7.3 QoS
MOS value [ITU-T P.800]
Connection quality
(Connection delay, Connection ITU-T SG 2 ITU-T E.671
connection release quality ITU-T SG 13 (Note 4)
delay, lost call rate)
Stable quality ITU-T Y.1540,
Stable quality ITU-T SG 13
failure rate ITU-T Y.1541
Transmission Transmission
ITU-T SG 13 ITU-T Y.1541
quality quality
QoS for the IP
Etc. telephony in the ITU-T SG 9 –
cable network
IETF RFC 6116,
7.4 User IETF enum-WG
Addressing ENUM IETF RFC 6117
identification
ITU-T SG 2 –
and addressing
Routing Routing protocols IETF Routing -WG –
Authentication and ITU-T H.235 ITU-T SG 16 [ITU-T H.235]
7.5 Security
encryption SIP IETF sip-WG [IETF RFC 3261]
8 PSTN
– – – –
interworking
STUN IETF-behave-WG IETF RFC 5389
9 NAT and NAT UPNP NAT
UPNP Forum –
firewall Traversal
FW STUN IETF-behave-WG IETF RFC 5389

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 19

 Table II.1 – Example status of studies being undertaken by
international standards organizations
Recommendations
Clause Item Content Organization
/drafts
ITU-T H.323 ITU-T SG 16 [ITU-T H.323]
SIP IETF sip-WG [IETF RFC 3261]
Call control
IETF megaco-WG IETF RFC 3525
H.248/MEGACO
ITU-T SG 16 [ITU-T H.248]
Media control RTP/RTCP IETF avt-WG IETF RFC 3550
10 Protocol IETF RFC 3398
Note 3 For the
IETF sipping-WG latest draft
SIP-ISUP inter- document, see URL
Interwork
working of IETF
ITU-T SG 11 ITU-T Q. Suppl. 45
ITU-T SG 11 ITU-T Q.1912.5
ITU-T SG 13
NGN – –
ITU-T SG 11
others
ETSI/Project
ETSI – Note 2
TIPHON
NOTE 1 – Varies with the national implementation.
NOTE 2 –
• ETSI TS 101 878 V1.1.1: "Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks
(TIPHON) Release 3; Service Capability Definition; Service Capabilities for a simple call"
• ETSI TS 101 878 V4.1.1: "Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks
(TIPHON) Release 4; "Service Capability Definition; Service Capabilities for TIPHON Release 4"
• ETSI TS 101 878 V5.1.1: "Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks
(TIPHON) Release 5; Service Capability Definition; Service Capabilities for a Multi Media Call"
• ETSI TS 101 315 V1.1.1: "Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks
(TIPHON) Release 3; Functional entities, information flow and reference point definitions; Guidelines
for the application of TIPHON functional architecture to inter-domain services"
• ETSI TS 101 315 V4.1.1: "Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks
(TIPHON) Release 4; Information flow and reference point definitions; Implementation of service
capabilities"
NOTE 3 – For the latest draft document, see the IETF website http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sipping-charter.html.
NOTE 4 – As work continues to evolve, the reader is advised to look for ITU-T publications.
NOTE 5 – The reader is invited to look at [ITU-T Q.Supp 62] for an overview of the Standards
Development Organizations (SDOs) and other industry organizations and the standards that they have
developed and are developing to support emergency telecommunications service (ETS).

20 Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014)

 Appendix III

J-series ITU-T Recommendations in support of IP telephony

Table III.1 lists J-series ITU-T Recommendations in support of IP telephony.

Table III.1 – Example J-series ITU-T Recommendations in support of IP telephony

[ITU-T J.160] Architectural framework for the delivery of time-critical services over cable television
networks using cable modems.
[ITU-T J.161] Audio codec requirements for the provision of bidirectional audio service over cable
television networks using cable modems.
[ITU-T J.162] Network call signalling protocol for the delivery of time-critical services over cable
television networks using cable modems.
[ITU-T J.163] Dynamic quality of service for the provision of real-time services over cable television
networks using cable modems.
[ITU-T J.164] Event message requirements for the support of real-time services over cable television
networks using cable modems.
[ITU-T J.165] IPCablecom Internet signalling transport protocol (ISTP).
[ITU-T J.166] IPCablecom Management Information base (MIB) framework.
[ITU-T J.167] Media Terminal Adapter (MTA) device provisioning requirements for the delivery of
real-time services over cable television networks using cable modems.
[ITU-T J.168] IPCablecom Media Terminal Adapter (MTA) MIB requirements.
[ITU-T J.169] IPCablecom network call signalling (NCS) MIB requirements.
[ITU-T J.170] IPCablecom security specification.
[ITU-T J.171] IPCablecom Trunking Gateway Control Protocol (TGCP).
[ITU-T J.172] IPCablecom management event mechanism.
[ITU-T J.173] IPCablecom embedded MTA primary line support.
[ITU-T J.174] IPCablecom interdomain quality of service.
[ITU-T J.175] Audio server protocol.
[ITU-T J.176] IPCablecom management event mechanism MIB.
[ITU-T J.177] IPCablecom CMS subscriber provisioning specification.
[ITU-T J.178] IPCablecom CMS to CMS signalling.

Q series – Supplement 49 (02/2014) 21

 SERIES OF ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS

Series A Organization of the work of ITU-T

Series D General tariff principles

Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors
Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services
Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks

Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems

Series I Integrated services digital network
Series J Cable networks and transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia
signals

Series K Protection against interference

Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant

Series M Telecommunication management, including TMN and network maintenance

Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits

Series O Specifications of measuring equipment

Series P Terminals and subjective and objective assessment methods

Series Q Switching and signalling

Series R Telegraph transmission
Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment
Series T Terminals for telematic services
Series U Telegraph switching

Series V Data communication over the telephone network

Series X Data networks, open system communications and security

Series Y Global information infrastructure, Internet protocol aspects and next-generation networks

Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems

Printed in Switzerland
Geneva, 2014