e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

IMPLEMENTATION OF LDPC CODE FOR 5G- LTE ADVANCED

C. S. Sree Thayanandeswari*1, T. Mohana*2, M. Sowmiya*3, P. Subhashini*4
*1Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, PET Engineering College, Vallioor, Tamil Nadu, India
*2,3,4UG scholars, Department of ECE, PET Engineering College, Vallioor, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, 5G is the latest LTE advanced telecommunication that has a greater speed, lower latency and ability
to connect more devices. But it has low throughput due to high bit error rate. In this paper, we proposes the
implementation of LDPC code for 5G LTE advanced using MATLAB in which the parity bits will be generated
and checked for the encoding and decoding techniques. Moreover, the parameters such that code rate, SNR,
BER and throughput will be estimated for the detection and correction of the errors. Simulated results of the
proposed methodology will provide reduced BER and good throughput with high SNR.
Keywords: LDPC, SNR, BER, throughput, parity bits.
I. INTRODUCTION
Communication is the process of sending and receiving of signals especially by means of channel. In
communication system, when data is transferred from the source to destination, errors can be occurred in the
received signal due to many obstacles. So error correction is required for retrieving the original message. In
1963, Robert Gallagher introduced “Low Density Parity Check Codes”. He analyzed the codes and shows that
LDPC codes can essentially achieve Shannon Capacity on AWGN and Binary Erasure Channels. Using error
correcting codes, transmission errors can be corrected using clever mathematical techniques. This is called
channel coding. Codes can also be used to reduce the number of bits needed to represent the original data,
called source coding. In this paper, we deal with channel coding techniques for two important communication
systems. We show that using efficient applications of channel coding techniques in these systems, we can
improve their performance in many ways and make them practical for application in the real world.
II. METHODOLOGY
In this proposed method, the channel errors are corrected by low density parity-check codes which are the
linear block codes. Channel coding can be seen as the best known and most effective component of cellular
communication systems used to correct noise, interference and fading transmission errors. Low-Density Parity-
Check (LDPC) codes are a greater gain in coding, i.e. a new coding area.
Shannon Channel Coding Theorem
The Shannon channel coding theorem in information theory is known to have encouraged the improvement of
error control codes. It states that all the data rates less than the channel capacity can be achieved with an
arbitrarily small probability of error, where is given by the Shannon-Hartley formula.
P
C = W × log 2 (1 + ) ………(1)
N0 W

Where,
C - Channel capacity, bits/sec
W - Transmission bandwidth, hertz
P - Signal power, watts
N0 - Noise power spectral density, watts/hertz
Channel Coding
The channel coding is often used in digital communication systems to protect the digital information from noise
and interference and reduce the number of bit errors. It is mostly accomplished by selectively introducing
redundant bits into the transmitted information stream. They provide a highly efficient and reliable
communication scheme over several parallel channels using modern codes such as low-density parity-check
(LDPC) codes.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
III. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
The process to transfer the data initially, the transmitter sends the data to the source coding which is used to
reduce the redundancy of data in the channel. Channel Coding is to overcome channel noise bits in the bit
stream of the sender to create a code word. The encoder adds that the redundant bits are used by the decoder
to detect and/or correct as many bit errors as the basic error control code allows. The modulator converts the
digital output of the encoder into a channel-specific format that is normally analogue (e.g., a telephone
channel). In the presence of noise, the demodulator tries to retrieve the correct channel symbol. The decoder
tries to correct any errors that occur when the wrong symbol is chosen. The BER is the probability of an error
in bits. For an error management code, this is always the figure of merit. We want to keep this number small,
less than 10-4 usually. The bit-error rate is a useful measure of system quality on an independent error channel,
but on bursty or dependent error channels, it has little meaning. Errors that are not independent. In contrast to
independent-error channels, burst-error channels have memory.

I/P Transmitter Analog to Digital Modulator LDPC AWGN

converter Encoder Channel

LDPC
Decoder

Demodulator

O/P BER Analyser

Digital to Analog
Decision Device converter

O/P Gap to capacity

Analyser

Figure 1: Block diagram of Communication process.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Using analysis, implemented the density evolution for a set of (3,X) regular LDPC codes whose variable node
degree is 3 and the regular degree of check nodes is X. The discretized density evolution algorithm is used for
memoryless AWGN channels as mentioned. In order to implement density evolution for the guess algorithm,
here assume that 1% and 2% of the variable nodes are available for guessing. For a code of length 1000, 1% and
2% of nodes constitute 10 and 20 nodes respectively. By limiting our “guesses” to 2% in the density evolution
analysis because the maximum number of bits guessed in practical implementations is always much smaller.
This better performance is represented as gain in dB. The improved decoding algorithm performs better due to
the dependencies introduced by the channel. Once a bit is guessed correctly, the decoder propagates the correct
value as the iterations progress. This channel dependency cannot be used for advantage in memoryless
channels. However, there is a need to emphasize that the gains obtained in actual implementations are always
much higher even when the number of guessed bits is smaller. The improved decoding algorithm can be used to
increase capacity of storage devices by using these channel dependencies. We need to stress here that
characterizing this gain in terms of the code rate has not yet been done and is a problem of future research.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

Figure 2: Improved performance for half of block length in BPSK

Figure 3: Improved performance for more than half of block length in BPSK

Figure 4: Improved performance for half of block length in 16PSK

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

Figure 5: Improved performance for more than half of block length in 16PSK
Table 1. Comparison between BPSK Scheme and 16PSK Scheme

Parameters BPSK Scheme 16PSK Scheme

Code rate ½ ¾

Spectral efficiency (bits/s/Hz) 1 4

SNR 11.1 dB 26.0 dB

Bit error rate 10.5 dB 18 dB

From our results, it is evident that the improved decoding algorithm is better on channels with memory and
gains provided by this algorithm on the magnetic recording channels are also significant.
V. CONCLUSION
The proposed method of reduced bit error rate using the Low density Parity-Check Code (LDPC). Error
correction code was simple with reasonable complexity. The LDPC codes uses irregular codes with different
parameters interacting in parallel or in serial with or without including interleaves, so concatenated binary
LDPC codes had been added. Since using irregular LDPC codes are more efficient than regular codes, there was
no error floor. Hence the throughput was better in our project. On the other hand, the proposed method
performed the simulation up to 25 iterations in LDPC decoder, so it not suitable for larger message bits.
5G LTE advance will provide good and perfect utilization of cellular communication in future. As it combines
with AI, one can able to control his/her intelligent robot using his/her mobile phone.
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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
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