A Call to Action:

TOXIC AND hazardous

P A T RIC K A N D F RIE N D S
 what is hazardous
waste?
Hazardous waste refers to waste materials that pose a
threat to human health, the environment, or both. These
materials may exhibit characteristics such as toxicity,
flammability, reactivity, or corrosiveness, or they may
contain certain substances in concentrations that make
them potentially harmful.
hazardous waste
Hazardous wastes can be liquids,
solids, or contained gases. They can be
the by-products of manufacturing
processes, discarded used materials,
or discarded unused commercial
products, such as cleaning fluids
(solvents) or pesticides. View the
hazardous waste regulations and
statutes for more information.
types and
sources
types of hazardous waste
BIOLOGICAL WASTE
-is any material that contains or has been contaminated by
a biohazardous agent. Biological waste includes, but is not
limited to; Petri dishes, surgical wraps, culture tubes,
syringes, needles, blood vials, absorbent material, personal
protective equipment and pipette tips.
types of hazardous waste
CHEMICAL WASTE
-refers to any solid, liquid, or gaseous waste
material that is produced or discarded during
chemical processes. These substances are often
hazardous to human health or the environment due
to their toxic, flammable, corrosive, or reactive
nature.
types of hazardous waste
RADIOACTIVE WASTE
-is a waste material containing radioactive
substances that emit ionizing radiation. It is
produced primarily from nuclear power plants,
research facilities, medical institutions, and various
industrial processes involving radioactive materials.
types of hazardous waste
TOXIC METALS
-are metallic elements that, at certain concentrations or
forms, can be harmful or poisonous to living organisms.
These metals are considered toxic due to their ability to
accumulate in biological tissues, interfere with essential
biochemical processes, and cause adverse health effects.
 Sources of toxic and
hazardous waste
Industrial Agricultural
Processes Activities
-factories and - pesticides,
manufacturing plants herbicides, and
produce a range of fertilizers can
hazardous substances contaminate soil and
like heavy metals, water sources
solvents, chemicals,
and radioactive
 Sources of toxic and
hazardous waste
Healthcare Households
- items like batteries,
Facilities electronics, cleaning
- hospitals, clinics, products, and some
and laboratories paints contain
generate medical hazardous materials.
waste such as
infectious materials,
pharmaceuticals, and
chemicals.
ENVIRONMENTAL
AND HEALTH
IMPACTS
 AIR POLLUTION HUMAN HEALTH
Burning or improper disposal EFFECTS
of hazardous waste releases Exposure to hazardous waste
toxins into the air, leading to can cause cancer, birth
respiratory issues. defects, organ damage, and
other serious health problems.

WATER
CONTAMINATION SOIL
Hazardous waste can seep into CONTAMINATION
groundwater, rivers, and lakes, Chemicals and heavy metals
affecting aquatic life and can make soil infertile and
drinking water sources. harm plants.
PURPOSE OF TOXIC AND
HAZARDOUS WASTE
TREARMENT
Key goals:
1. MINIMIZATION
2. NEUTRALIZATION
3. DETOXIFICATION
4. DISPOSAL
Minimization
To minimize toxic and hazardous waste
impact, strategies include reducing waste,
substituting hazardous materials, optimizing
processes, recycling, treatment technologies,
proper storage, training, and regulatory
compliance, aiming to reduce environmental
and human health harm and ensure a safer
future.
Neutralization Neutralization of toxic and hazardous waste
involves altering their chemical properties
through methods like pH adjustment,
chemical reactions, precipitation,
complexation, stabilization, biological
processes, adsorption, dilution, solidification,
and incineration to reduce toxicity, mobility,
and reactivity, ensuring safer handling and
disposal.
Detoxification
Detoxification is a process that reduces the
harmful effects of toxic and hazardous waste,
making it safer for handling, transport, and
disposal, while protecting human health and
the environment through methods like
chemical treatment, neutralization,
bioremediation, and incineration.
Disposal Toxic and hazardous waste disposal involves
various methods like landfills, incineration,
deep well injection, chemical landfills, surface
impoundments, encapsulation, chemical
treatment, recycling, vitrification, biological
treatment, and specialized facilities.
Compliance with regulations is crucial for
safe disposal to prevent harm to human health
and the environment.
METHODS OF TREATMENT
 Physical treatment
1. Solidification/Stabilization- mixing hazardous
waste with materials like cement to immobilize
contaminants.
2. Encapsulation- containment of hazardous
waste within a material, such as concrete or
polymers.
3. Incineration- high-temperature burning of
waste to convert it into inert materials and
gases.
 CHEMICAL TREATMENT
1. Chemical Oxidation- using chemicals to break
down hazardous substances into less harmful
or inert compounds.
2. Neutralization- adding chemicals to adjust the
pH of acidic or alkaline wastes to make them
less hazardous.
3. Precipitation- chemical reactions that cause
contaminants to form solid particles, which
can then be removed.
 Biological treatment
1. Bioremediation- using microorganisms to
break down or remove contaminants from
soil, water, or air.
2. Composting- turning organic waste into
compost through controlled decomposition
with microorganisms.
3. Phytoremediation- using plants to absorb,
degrade, or stabilize contaminants in the soil
or water..
REGULATIONS AND COMPLIANCE
In the Philippines, regulations regarding the treatment of toxic and hazardous waste
are overseen by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
Here are some key aspects of regulations governing hazardous waste treatment in
the Philippines:
Republic Act 6969- Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes
Control Act of 1990
DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 2013-22
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System
DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 29, Series of 1992
Manifest System
Waste Minimization and Cleaner Production
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA 8749) and Philippine Clean Water Act of
2004 (RA 9275)
Compliance and Enforcement
Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities in the Philippines
ADVANCEMENT IN TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES
Emerging technologies
- Emerging technology is a term generally
used to describe a new technology, but it
may also refer to the continuing
development of an existing technology;
Emerging technologies are often perceived
as capable of changing the status quo.
Example of emerging technologies is
nanotechnology, Nanoparticles can be used
for adsorption, catalysis, and membrane
filtration to remove contaminants from
water, soil, and air.
NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION
-Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter on an
atomic and molecular scale, has diverse
applications across numerous fields. Some notable
applications of nanotechnology include:
 ADVOCACY AND
AWARENESS:
Campaigns often lead to
MEDICINE AND increased public
consciousness, which, in turn, ELECTRONICS AND
HEALTHCARE: drives changes at local, OPTOELECTRONICS:
national, and international
Nanotechnology enables levels.
targeted drug delivery Nanotechnology has
systems, where nanoparticles revolutionized the electronics
are designed to deliver drugs industry by enabling the
fabrication of smaller, faster,
directly to specific cells or and more efficient electronic
tissues, reducing side effects devices.
and improving efficacy.
ADVANCE OXIDATION PROCESSES
- Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
are a group of chemical treatment
methods used to degrade and remove
organic and inorganic pollutants from
water, wastewater, and air. These
processes involve the generation of highly
reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which
oxidize and break down contaminants into
simpler, less harmful substances.
BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES IN
ADVANCEMENT TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES
BENEFITS:
-Advances in treatment technologies enhance
efficiency, enabling faster and more effective
removal of pollutants from water, wastewater,
air, and soil. They also reduce environmental
impact by minimizing harmful byproducts and
residues, reducing risks to ecosystems and
human health.
 CHALLENGES:
-Advanced treatment technologies often involve complex
processes and require specialized equipment, expertise,
and maintenance, posing challenges for implementation
and operation. Additionally, they may require significant
energy inputs, chemicals, or resources, raising concerns
about their environmental sustainability and carbon
footprint.
IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC AWARENESS
Public awareness and engagement are essential for
managing toxic and hazardous waste effectively. Community
involvement, education initiatives, and individual actions
play crucial roles in promoting responsible waste
management practices and reducing environmental risks.
FUTURE OUTLOOK
What would be
our earth looks
like in the
future?
Trends in waste treatment
Circular Economy Approaches
- There is a growing emphasis on transitioning from
linear waste management models to circular economy
principles, which prioritize the reuse, recycling, and
recovery of resources from waste streams. This trend
includes initiatives such as extended producer
responsibility (EPR) schemes, product stewardship, and
closed-loop systems.
Trends in waste treatment
Biological Treatment Innovations
- Biological treatment methods, including composting,
vermicomposting, and biofiltration, continue to evolve
with innovations such as bioaugmentation (adding
specialized microorganisms), biochar addition, and
engineered microbial consortia. These approaches
enhance organic waste degradation, odor control, and
nutrient recovery.
Sustainable approaches
Recycling and Material Recovery
- Recycling involves the collection, sorting, and
processing of recyclable materials such as paper,
plastics, metals, and glass for reuse in manufacturing.
Material recovery facilities (MRFs) utilize mechanical
and manual sorting techniques to recover valuable
materials from mixed waste streams, contributing to
resource conservation and reduced energy consumption.
Sustainable approaches
Energy Recovery and Waste-to-Energy (WtE)
- Waste-to-energy technologies, such as incineration
and gasification, convert non-recyclable waste into
heat, electricity, or fuels. These processes help offset
fossil fuel consumption, reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, and contribute to renewable energy
generation.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, effective and sustainable treatment of toxic and hazardous
waste is paramount for safeguarding human health, preserving the
environment, and promoting overall well-being. A comprehensive approach
that combines advanced technologies, stringent regulations, and public
awareness is essential to mitigate the adverse effects of such waste.
Embracing innovative solutions, promoting recycling and waste reduction,
and fostering international collaboration are key components in managing
toxic and hazardous waste successfully. As we move forward, a collective
commitment to responsible waste management will not only protect our
current and future generations but also contribute to building a cleaner,
safer, and healthier planet for all.
 it's time to take action!

BACONGON, CASTILLO, PABILONA, TAJONERA