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Fundometals oDfitl SysieosLoe
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Sanels
Anday Sn

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which
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é Specch Sna yttage

Velo cty upestur ,PreAsure.

A algtSigmal4aSiynsl t
uresets olata a Sesicae dler Values
Piyital hdso gna Coputu
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Psadvandye aneSs
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Prblerna n ande Sigod

Noise et aup he Spr
 Adventeys Pyebal Sysieno
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3
Response
Accurral
ime
le aletel Noise
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igtalCwtuut
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peso theVarios odko etatreu
uuirtment

SyshenL Pyehl lp
Mobde Calaulartos olezitnk atehes ctr.
En Comactn
Compcter,
 Numbers Syskm

Bina (olL) ecimal Octal Hexcdecimal

Pvide b 2 2 Muhe e2
Drude b 94 Multply b 8C
6

Mutlipt
16
adeioel to
53) 2

53
2 6 -LS3
2
2 13

2 6 1

2 3

MSC

53) (olo2
 . 47)
2 47
2 23
2 5
2

(471 (oLL),
(53.625), (9,
253 0.625 2 =(1, 25 2i]Mse
2 26L O:25 x 0 50 D
2 13 o O 50 2=(A00 L1s
6
3 0

(53.625) (Llool101)2 As
(47. 81250 ()
)
0.0125 X2 =6250
0-6250 x2 ( 2 500
0:25 x2 0).50
0 . 50 2 o0

y7.8125)rO loj1oDa
A Convert nto 2
3 Ci) 167 Cw) +2.45
(V) C.u475 V) 52 Vii) 4o97.199 Vi) 2048. 0625
Lix) (364. 25)
Ci) loolo(i) lo (R) oloo) (iN) looloo0.bll0
(N) 0.01lDo VI) 110loo (N)0000000ooOD1 O0
Vii) l000000 00o00.O0oL Cix) oollo0.
O1/,

8 483
8 60 3 LsB

83) 743g
(30510
8 30 0-5 x8 0 4
3 6

(30) 36
(30-5 (36.4 A
 upes > (7745

Conveut o
i)483 Cii) (30.5 Cni) 1278
CVi 532 (Vi) 309
iv)52 (V) 367
(Vi uo85

Cs 2 2 743 Cii2 36.y Ci) 2376 (iv) 64 (v) s7

CVi) o2 4 (Vii) 65 (Vii) I76 5

Lonversiov deimaL Hexaole.cim

7373)
673
4
4

Healeumal -9, A

A,8c,P EF, 10,11, 12, 13

3,-9,
0,1,2,3
9, 1A, 16, 1eLD, LE, LE
20 21

16 1C
 Conrat 2 to
Ci) 75 C 4y. 289 (ii) 6740 (1N) 4012.2929
) 96 (vi) 25 6.7 (Vi 208.3s (Viii) 23.49
i ) 4 B (ii 2c. 4A Ci) A 86 Civ) FAC .4B
3C (A24.c), (Vii) Do.5qa9 (Vii) 17.7Pe

ortsin bmay aleeimul

. C1ou), C.
1x2 tox2+ *2+ x2+ |x 2
L6 + 4 +2+1
L310
(LO) 2 3

0011
I x+ox2 +o x2 2 2+2

0.5 +0.25

oo-1) .75)
 Convvrtt sllsiun dnay No. indo skeml

111.d)Cii) lo00.0) (V) ||o 1l0

)1101 010Cvi l0001 (Vii) o ooo0 0
Ni) 10o10 01Cix) \ooloooo
(Vi)
() 1 lo)
oy Li 23 C 15.25 (ii) 8.25 C 54 (v) 13.25
(Vi) 7 (Vi) 32. 625 CV) 18.25 Cix) 40o CK) G2:5

Convesion oct to alecimad

(20(20.34 -
20.34
2
2x8to x8 3 x 8 +ux 8
6+3+
16 0 375+ O:0625
64315) do
8. CoouutAe Pollsusy octal do. mto ekeimal
Ci) 4o cli 103 Lii) 32.u0 Civ) tu3 V)lo2). 3656
vi LOI3 (Vid D 3342 (Vii) 35. 017270
Ci) 32 (ii) 558 i ) 26.5 Civ) 94 u)524.48
(vi) 523 (Vi) 32.u3 (Vii) 29 3
 Convss9o Hexedeciml -to ckamak-E

(2c.uA)
2x16t 2x16 4x16+ID 16
-2

32 12
25%
Hy +o-25 +0-0390
u 28
Cooveet 4lsuing hexaclecsmal alo. to okuna
umberd
Li) 48 Cii) LA6 (tii) FAC. 3 Civ) 3cSU) 145
(Vi A 24.c vii) co.5949 Vii)
17.7D766 Cix) 24D
Ayti) Lii) 6740 Cii) 4o12.
75
2429 Civ) 965
( ) 3 25 C)25 q6. 75 (Vi) 208- 3
CIx) 591
(Vi) 23.42
(192 34)

nrendi& fo octal k Hexeeleuma

DI, 2

ootd lo1
2 27,
hsoalecimel -t o0L911,
(11216
 8. (1u 2 8 4C 16
Henaalee t n l

O1,0 o,, 0o 0

(P 68)1 r
.

oota 00LLOl010
S 3 2

CI532)g
Convert holluuio bmauyNo. oto phkeprel
Dtal Resealleemal upretastntisn
C l100 Cii) 10L00lOCii) lIUoo Civ) 1010)
W) 0ol111)0 0o1l

y Ci t14g ii) C2u)g C) 74)s Ci) $3)

(V) (o3H647-

CCc)
Ce216 () (A i ) (FN CivlC26s
tv) (3FA716
 Lonvess.& octlfo Heradocorak inuny

8. (15)
(134) Oo1oLIoo .
Q 334.26 ( oole old1o0010 Lto)

Conrtrt he sllewu octal o bnny lonve

Ci) 3752) Lii) 125.43 Ci) u53.21 Cid) 45
(o lo ol0) tii) (0ol olo ol- l00 o11,
(iii) Cloo OI Ol1. olo ool), Civ) (l00 o1),
onveTSiOn of Hekeoleeimal Jo bnavuy-

. Convt th
gollouig Hexacluinak o unany e e
Li) 4)Ci E.I4)-Citi) HA 28 av) p04
CV) (16 A) u-
A ti llo ol00lii) LULO00101
Civ) 0000L00) (V)LOUol olo C)I001010-001o1
 Octelto Hexaclecumal.

C2
20000LO0
OC),
Convet olluuy octal nlo. ito
(i)13 i i ) "61 Citi) 1527Civ) exoalecmal o .
u753 (v) 15.32

dle ti) 5c C 3 H Cii 354 Civ2 9E8 (V) D.68

Inverge ohecadeamal octal

Conver A koleunaercodezimal No. into actl No.

C) (68. 4Bt Ci (uP) i2 F liv) 3EC)
A ti) Ci50-224)g Lii 435g Cii) 377 CiN) C1354
(v20)g
 mousy rthmeicc
7-
Additton,Cy Subteadion Multip licadioo Phudisn
0+1Li0
Olo - NA
- olo 1/o NA

MSBTT
LL
LsR- Decimal
L5
0
25 L001LO 0
Io 0 |00l +lloolol loo0111. ito
BinaySulbrastie
MS Decima
o 13
o1O 0O

0.1L 01

26
12
 ina Mulbiplicatio
lo x |lol

O o oo X
oIIXx

Cirlo ollo x 100| 0oLolL.O

ii) 1-o xlo =1 001

Binay Duds B

L J1oo110
lo111oou (10
- lo

-10J

o.0110)
o0
10100

0000
Tod

o0
oLOD
tixeelpoot ane. loatrn pomt sepredeatat7on
umbend
Comptis h cdataare
emory Teisters Oith
binay bits 's and o's
Lomputers Only 0 undlesstand binay
anzuaye Aned whea ente elata s
Ae
Compulirit Convestel intobmay
hen and
COcuys.
esscol 4
The
deely the CPU m
/fer
memiY Sters a r
aSpecipe
odryeanel a omat L Sare elata.
Sdehsts have derelopesl aAal No. supruen-
taion methodin
hememo sterS
32 bil

We hare wo mayos uyroach tos Stosnng sual

numbers: ixes and
oating-pomt yiprtenri
tipeelpomt representahon

I lompctou, o d pomt epresetaion

ual data
pe numbers. Ayeol pt
bepsedetah on Can Conrert olala mto bina
førn, hen e l a l a Pprocased,
Stoseel ud y th lomputur
Sasa ocel No.
betr r he inee
anel rachonal parls
 emuuple
1111. FFF given fixcol -
we Canl Stose Pointgupreseatedion
O00 O0. 00 minmum Ualuee
anol amaximum
gag99.19 alue ofE
Oi

Ther u thru parl Ue

firoel -Pomt
umber
upreentaion: Sy it, pomt
part-, 4 ractiona Part Jntezral

Sign Bi t Jnasgex Past |Fsacional Pautt

Siqneol ixedpont epresendeion

s a e Part acional Pauet

UDStqnea e o point sapruentation
par ocepomt apresep etoa
Siq Bt
Theinesk-hoint orimbr
uupusentatisn pinarny A,
pit. The
Cwhule- He_mumbu Aasabik 6.

Joiegral pa The intgral fpart n pxe

pomt umumbeurs A cclutat leoyhs kt
depends 0 he psks
olahrrunt darus
uGiser,the imtegaak pent
he a n bit
4 ts
 troaotional pad
he fractional part o dhouai
lenghs at terutplaces.A depenols do h
lister s an 8: btsaprsiex he
he Asaction
hoatrorel
Part 3/bess
Size of Siqn
bit, Jotegve part ractien
port farteraat pistexs areodksplayal kuleas.
egistes |San bi Ieges pa otion put
8-bit Lher bts 3 bits
I6-bt Lbit bs Gbits
32-etLbit S bits bits

How to_wrie numbersin ixed-pomt notaio

N 4.5
Corerthe No
Step-L. 5 ( ( 2

(loo.2
SHep-2- Keprtent the bmay No.
0.5x2o
m
oveel-pom
noterion wim f e foleeeiy

oooloI
Sob hegrl peuk
Part
Foaip pontupreseotadion
Floaing Pointgtepresttati on abesnt uvve
any Spech.c lo ts fos he ictge o
actton Parta Butinsteool, t Teess Cetain
bits tDs the No
Ccallal he Sgniftane os
mantissa) and a ixed Na
k
bisto S
uohere olecdmal plas ies CCallael t exponent)
The Compues useA locetin poin Na
epresention_ to Conrextt hthput oata into
binany au This binay o NouCorestesl
tos&ieatiic otaion i c is Concesteel ito.
tlaatinoq-poirt teprsextajon..

he loatingpoin epresetahoo fo tise ips

notatis

2Lieaiec noation he methool et upresen-

Angsnay o . intoaxb oTm 4f 4 uther
Conveted ipto Plsating-psiKt upresestah oo.
ex

No 326 25
in scleaificnotadion 32.625 xl0
A
Na Jena om Lo4ol k2

Heu
Heu_naisso ol lo1 4 Bese Prt i 2l0.
 Nosmaizati on notefion -

J+ a
Special Case
of Suicnhic
notation Nosmalizol means hat e
hare a
lst one non - Zem duigit afer Ahe pheeimal
point

Aloahi pont Supresen tat'on ad r u parly:

érpo neat part Mankiss a

San t Esporeot part Mantissa peyet

The oahing-poiot mumbers in biney

Aesa Stgn bit A -veNo Kas a Sgn bit
whlle a the number Kas a
Sign a
Synbt0. he
anyNo. olepenols on maniSsa not n
erponeót.

Mantiss a art
The manisSa part okjount
length s at otorunt plaus.A depenoly
usters e al6-bt ugstor 4
måntissa part As.

yponent o t
he poser t e No.
depenols 00 the
Sge Rpi stez-torex
Inthe
1 bTts.
6-bituste he
epona pety f
 Ho o wste numbersin float#n -point
notaton

Ihe No A 53.5 in 32 bet prstes )

sHep- Convest he N in binsy f o

53.5 =
1o ol)

S onnalizeike No base 2
1loo
l x 2

3ep-3 G Keprstat he bnuyNo a

lo almg pot notate ith. he
14stlerán
ooO0101_ lol0)o00 00 000000000000
Sian Cit Erponent Manhssa Part
Pavt

1+ 8 23
32
Jdt = Sn Expons + 1