Chapters I III
Chapters I III
Chapters I III
College of Education
1
CHAPTER I
Introduction
It has been said that teaching is the noblest of all professions since it is
the only profession that creates all other professions. From this statement, it can
lifelong. Teachers may be elated if this consideration about their profession will
decision to make. While there a lot of commendations uttered about teachers and
their profession, there are also nasty comments thrown to them. Thus, it can be
argued that the pros and cons of the teaching profession can cause confusions
among those who have interest in teaching which may redirect their attention.
responsible for the formation of young minds and hearts. This means that
teaching profession can be most understood when one looks at how teachers
dispense their duties and responsibilities. It can be said that teachers are the
mirrors of their profession and that teaching profession may be defined by the
(2023) emphasized that teachers are responsible for educating and guiding the
youth, and for passing down important values and knowledge. From kindergarten
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through university, teachers provide students with the skills and knowledge to
succeed in life. They also act as role models and mentors, and provide guidance
and support when needed. In addition, teachers play an important role in the
shape the future. By providing a positive environment, where students can learn
and grow, teachers help to build a stronger and healthier society. Through
education, teachers are also able to educate people on important issues such as
poverty, health, and human rights. This helps to foster understanding and
compassion, and create a better world. For these reasons, teachers play an
essential role in society, and their work should be greatly valued and appreciated.
have the unique ability to shape the minds of the next generation, providing them
with the tools they need to succeed in life. They pass on valuable knowledge,
skills, and values to the students they teach, helping to create informed and
responsible citizens in our society. Beyond the academic skills, teachers also
help to foster important life skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, and
embrace teaching. Martin (cited in Keceki & Kara, 2023) articulated that there are
deliver what is expected of them without the support of the government, the
More so, Keceki and Kara (2023) asserted that there are many reasons
why teachers leave their job. The first is economic reason – teachers are not
well-compensated and sometimes, not given other benefits that are provided to
becomes complicated over the years. The mounting school violence and
teachers look for other career opportunities, one that is uncomplicated and
pleasurable. The third reason for leaving teaching is organizational, which means
in the practices of some countries. In Japan for example, Japanese people hold
deep reverence for teachers. Special seats are reserved for them on public
transport, dedicated stores cater to their needs, and they are exempt from
queuing for tickets. Teaching is the most respected profession, and teachers are
held in the highest regard. This unwavering respect is a daily celebration. They
are regarded as heroes and they are treated with respect and gratitude due to
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the awareness of the people on how heavy the responsibilities a teacher carries.
Teachers are generally well-paid. They have much more salary than any other
profession in Japan. They are supported by the community and the government.
Careers in the education sector in Japan are commonly popular to the students.
Teaching jobs guarantee lifelong income and relatively high occupational prestige
teaching profession. The exodus of teachers to foreign countries for better salary
has alarmed the national government, thus, salary standardization policies were
executed such as Republic Act (RA) No. 6362 s. 1971, Executive Order (EO) No.
153 s. 1987, and republic Act No. 6758, s. 1989 (Official Gazette of the Republic
of the Philippines, n.d.) The perennial problem of heavy workload has found
solution to the recent DepEd Order (DO) 2, s. 2024 which ordered the immediate
on teaching. In this DO, it was also articulated that teachers must not be given
any task during their vacation so that they may really take a good break from
Much have been said and done about teachers and their profession in the
disinterest to teaching profession. Those who graduated with high honors may
choose other professions which they think would make them financially stable.
Apparently, in the eyes of the young generation, teaching is difficult job that
fulfilling job, the one point that young people capitalize is the knowledge that
teachers’ salary does not compensate all their hard work. Nonetheless, the
young generation recognizes the importance of teachers in the society and it still
that focused on the attitudes and perceptions of Senior High School students in
select schools in Batangas City. From the results, the researchers proposed
activities for teaching career orientation. This may be helpful in promoting the
Theoretical Framework
This study aimed to determine the Senior High School students’ attitudes
concepts that are closely related but are different. From this, two theories were
espoused in this study – constructivist theory for perception, and social learning
for attitude.
how people form their perception on things around them and that perception is
not just based on what they see. It is also influenced by the past experiences,
things are given richer meaning. So, when people look at something, their brain
uses the information it already has to help them understand what they are
how an individual actively constructs his own notions of reality through their
Figure 1
Constructivist Theory for Perception
have been in contact with their teachers, they had a lot of observations,
information, and experiences, from which they may have formed their insight
towards their duties and responsibilities; their words uttered about teaching; and
the emotions they poured out while attending to their students may have
watching and imitating other people, especially those they consider important,
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like parents and friends; and for students, their teachers. These important people
become their models from whom they build their interest of doing what these
models do. For instance, if teachers have a positive attitude towards a particular
thing, their students are more likely to have a positive attitude towards it too
(Horsburgh & Ippolito, 2018). It may be interpreted that if teachers have good
and positive stories to tell about teaching, students may also develop positive
Attitude
Figure 2
Constructivist Theory for Attitude
in this study. Students, who spend a daily eight-hour encounter with teachers
have all the opportunities to observe evertything that their teachers do and hear
what their teachers say about their profession. Teachers whom students consider
their “favorite” become their model and they tend to believe what they utter and
may have inclination to be like them. Such process forms their attitude towards
this study as the theoretical support. Students formed their attitude and
their daily interaction. They acquire more information about teaching theough
and personal values. As such, Figure 3 displays the merger of the theories as
Figure 3
Theoretical Framework of the Study:
Social Learning Theory and Constructivist Theory
It can be noted form the Figure 3 that teachers are the focus and
reference of the students because what they say about their profession and how
they perform and accomplish their job, are the mirrors of the teaching profession.
Conceptual Framework
The study focused on the senior high school students’ attitude and
perception about teaching profession, the findings of which were used as bases
Three significant concepts were analyzed in this study. The first one is
teaching profession which was the subject of perception and attitude in this
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directly responsible for the formation of young minds and hearts (Study.com,
n.d.).
The other two concepts are perception and attitude. Confusion about
attitude and perception may be raised because they are closely related. For
example, one’s perception may shape his attitudes and at the same time, one’s
attitude may influence his perception. However, these two are distinct from one
another.
experience of the world around them (Nguyen, 2021). Attitude, on the other hand,
is a mental state that reflects one’s beliefs, feelings, and values. It is the way that
people approach and respond to the world around them. Attitude is often
what a person thinks after examining certain specific, logical facts about
through their reasons for considering or for not considering teaching as their
career. Their perception about teaching profession was ascertained by the way
they view teachers’ reputation in the community and the positive and negative
Respondents’ Profile
gender
academic strand
thought of becoming
a teacher
Figure 4
Conceptual Framework
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respondents’ profile. This is displayed in the first box placed at the uppermost
part of the framework. Afterwards, their attitude and perception about teaching
profession were identified as reflected in the two boxes placed at the same level,
one in the left side and the other on the right side of illustration. The study further
teaching profession when they are grouped according to profile. The same
analysis was done with their respondents’ perception and their profile variables.
The process of finding the differences was indicated by the two-headed arrows
placed between the profile and attitude boxes and the profile and perception
boxes. The results of the analysis were used in the proposed activities for career
orientation in teaching, which is the output of this study. It is displayed in the box
This study examined the senior high school students’ attitudes and
1.1 gender;
related to:
may be proposed?
Hypothesis
This research examined the senior high school students’ attitudes and
career orientation activities for teaching. Three (3) schools offering senior high
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school program were considered to be the locale of the study due to proximity
and connection of the researchers with some of the teachers in those schools.
These schools were given specific codes such as SHS 1; SHS 2; and SHS 3,
delimited the profile to the said variables these may already be adequate as
responses.
community, and positive and negative aspects of the profession. Both groups of
measures for attitudes and perceptions were based on the questionnaires used
in study of Saks et al. (2016), which the current researchers adopted in this
research.
This paper which aimed to determine the senior high school students’
following:
To the guidance counselors who conduct career guidance for students, the
To the teachers, the findings of this study about the attitudes and
perceptions on teaching profession may inform them how their actions, thoughts
that put into words, and performance of their duties and responsibilities as
entire findings of this research may help them assess their career orientation and
profession may guide them in realizing the prejudices of their initial views about
teaching and teachers, which may eventually lead them to be more appreciative
To the senior high school class advisers whom students often confide their
uncertainties about the program to pursue in college, they may use the findings
option.
To the future researchers who may opt to conduct a study that is parallel
to this topic, this paper may serve as one of their references that may provide
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profession.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of the significant terms used in this study, they
directly responsible for the formation of young minds and hearts (Study.com,
n.d.). In this study, it refers to the job of teachers where they serve as students’
and values that is often described as a predisposition to act in a certain way, and
experience of the world around them (Nguyen, 2021). In this study, it refers to the
respondents’ insights about teaching profession that is based on their view about
teachers’ reputation in the community and the positive and negative aspects of
teaching profession.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
related to academic burnout. These literatures were all useful in investigating the
Conceptual Literature
The main focus of this study are the attitudes and perceptions on teaching
adopted validated questionnaire from the study of Saks et al. (2026). The
unique service to meet the educational needs of the individual and of society. The
choice of learning activities whereby the goals of education are realized in the
(2021) said that teaching profession refers to providing knowledge and making a
better individual with all normal forms of discipline. The teaching profession is
future is born. Teachers provide the education that improves quality of life,
future workers. When students are pushed to be creative and productive, they
young minds and hearts. This means a teacher ends up playing several roles
world. One can imagine how the world looks like without teachers. Teachers can
influence the lives of students who are the future leaders of world. Unlike other
deal with the most complex phenomena on earth. Ranging from the most
studious to the most mischievous students, teachers can transform them into
Along with this thought, Thompson and Wolstencroft (2018) declared that
inspiring them for higher achievements in life. They emphasized that teacher
only then he can impart knowledge. They added that the quality of an education
system is much influenced by the teachers and therefore, all states must extend
support, to sustain and invest in the status of its teachers. This view is parallel to
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Campbell’s, (cited in Darling-Hammond et al., 2019) who also said that teaching
knowledge is crucial.
development, enjoy job security, engage in lifelong learning, and gain valuable
insights from students. It is a career path that appeals to those who are
make a difference in communities, advocate for change and equity, and leave a
lifelong impact and legacy. It appeals to individuals who are passionate about
The University of People (2024) stated that teachers are arguably the
most important members of the society. They give children purpose, set them up
for success as citizens of the world, and inspire in them a drive to do well and
succeed in life. The children of today are the leaders of tomorrow, and teachers
are that critical point that makes a child ready for their future. Teachers have the
ability to shape leaders of the future in the best way for society to build positive
and inspired future generations and therefore design society, both on a local and
global scale. In reality, teachers have the most important job in the world. Those
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who have an impact on the children of society have the power to change lives.
Not just for those children themselves, but for the lives of all.
Teachers are important because they can act as a support system that is
lacking elsewhere in students’ lives. They can be a role model and an inspiration
to go further and to dream bigger. They hold students accountable for their
successes and failures and good teachers would not let their talented students
get away with not living up to their full potential. Teachers of all walks of life and
subjects have the ability to shape opinions and help form ideas about society, life
and personal goals. Teachers can also expand students’ limits and push their
Cordingley et al. (2019) emphasized that teachers are the ultimate role
models for students. The fact that students come into contact with many different
types of teachers in their academic career means that more likely than not, there
invaluable for some students, who may otherwise not have that stability.
Teachers will stay positive for their students even when things can seem grim. A
great teacher always has compassion for their students, understanding of their
students’ personal lives, and appreciation for their academic goals and
achievements. Teachers are role models for children to be positive, always try
They added that knowledge and education are the basis for all things that
youth, thereby giving them the possibility for a better future. Teachers simplify the
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expose children to ideas and topics that they might otherwise not have come into
contact with. They can expand on interests and push their students to do better.
Teachers know when to push students, when to give a gentle nudge in the right
one of the most important parts of teaching is having dedication. Teachers not
only listen, but also coach and mentor their students. They are able to help
shape academic goals and are dedicated to getting their students to achieve
what they do because they want to help others. They are not teaching for
recognition or a paycheck but because they have a passion for youth and
importance of providing children with good role models and are teaching because
of that belief. They are dedicated to the cause. Their dedication is shown by their
‘round-the-clock work habits. Teachers do not stop working when the school bell
rings. They are grading papers, making lessons, and communicating with parents
after school and on weekends. Most teachers arrive earlier than school starts to
profession called for a huge attention. With the nature of teaching job, it really
education sector as it has a very deep impact on the role of a teacher, which in
IvyPanda.com, 2023).
which they meet the alleged criteria. Professionalization is concerned with the
2019).
Bilbao et al. (2018) explained that in the Philippines, teaching was viewed
organizations. This is a requirement for all teachers as they practice teaching job.
simply an initial professional education which means that it is only the beginning
In the same discussion, Bilbao et al. (2018) also mentioned that there are
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are expected from each teacher in the various specializations, expressed in their
performance of duties and responsibilities, are also guided with the Code of
Commission (PRC). Lastly, they explained that teaching as a profession calls for
long, arduous, and continuous refining of knowledge, skills, and values. Thus,
several laws were passed to establish how to professionalize teaching. The very
Decree (PD) No. 1006 s. 1976 which provides for the professionalization of
teachers and regulation of their practice. In this PD, teachers of elementary and
secondary levels must take and pass the same written examination designed by
the PRC. This PD No. 1006 was enhanced through Republic Act (RA) 7836 s.
teachers called Professional Board Examination for Teachers (PBET) before they
can teach. PBET at present time, is being referred to as the Board Licensure
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Philippines, n.d.).
models (Bilbao et al., 2018). Recently, Republic Act No. 10912, also known as
(PICs). This includes teachers who must earn points through seminars, trainings,
study. As such, it is but necessary that the concept attitudes and perceptions
must be clarified.
Confusion about attitude and perception may be raised because they are
closely related. For example, one’s perception may shape his attitudes and at the
same time, one’s attitude may influence his perception. However, these two are
experience of the world around them (Nguyen, 2021). Attitude, on the other hand,
is a mental state that reflects one’s beliefs, feelings, and values. It is the way that
people approach and respond to the world around them. Attitude is often
personal feeling about anything while perception is what a person thinks after
examining certain specific, logical facts about something, and it is not excessively
behaviors toward a particular object, person, thing, or event. Attitudes are often
the result of experience or upbringing. They can have a powerful influence over
behavior and affect how people act in various situations. While attitudes are
enduring, they can also change. Attitudes can also be explicit and implicit.
Explicit attitudes are those that people are consciously aware of and that clearly
influence their behaviors and beliefs. Implicit attitudes are unconscious but still
processes that shape how people perceive and interact with the world around
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them. Attitudes can be positive or negative and can be formed through various
(neither good nor bad) about something, most people hold strong attitudes about
the things and people that mean the most to them. Attitudes are important
because they can determine how people interact with the world around them.
a more positive affect, or attitude, toward life in general, has been associated
sensory experience of the world. It is the process of using the senses to become
environmental stimuli. Perception acts as a filter that allows people to exist within
stimuli.
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Schultz (n.d.) stated that perception is the process by which the brain
objects, relationships, and events by means of the senses, which includes such
people use to make sense of the different stimuli they are presented with.
People’s perceptions are based on how they interpret all these different
sensations, which are sensory impressions they get from the stimuli in the world
around them. Perception enables people to navigate the world and to make
Research Literature
main theme of this study. The findings of foreign and local studies that focused
is a demanding field, and despite others discouraging them due to factors like
low pay, many educators remain committed to their chosen path. This reflects the
shaping young minds and imparting knowledge, earning respect and admiration
communities can empower teachers to fulfill their crucial role in nurturing the next
only for the sustainability of the profession but also for the overall advancement
of society.
In the study of Koley et al (n.d), it was found out that the most higher
towards the teaching profession. Students were subdivided based on gender and
showed differences in their level of perception. Males had less perception than
females. This connotes that the perception of male students is more negative
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than that of female students. Also, Students were subdivided based on locality
and showed differences in their level of perception urban had less perception
than rural, and students’ categories based on the stream of education showed
differences in their level of perception, science students had less perception than
view point level will fall if they lose trust in the teaching profession and its
if the honour of the 'noblest of all' profession is not acknowledged and valued by
the students. The current situation of students holding less favorable or positive
Attitude towards teaching profession and job satisfaction among block resource
teacher educators
In study by Kalaivanan (2019) which conducted in India. It was found out the
towards students, aiming to understand and solve their problems while also
responsible to guide students into the right path, illuminating their way and
environment.
In the study of Kraft and Lyon (2022) they examine the state of the U.S. K-
12 teaching profession over the last half century. They found out that perceptions
of teacher prestige have fallen between 20% and 47% in the last decade to be at
or near the lowest levels recorded over the last half century. Interest in the
teaching profession among high school seniors and college freshman has fallen
50% since the 1990s, and 38% since 2010. Teachers collectively shape the
are the role models that is responsible for the formation of young heart and
minds. Yet they have experienced long struggled to gain and maintain the status
of a prestigious profession.
overtime before, however in recent years our society has changed. Those
students who are preparing to enter in the field of teaching are currently at lowest
In the study of Siddiqui (2020), the Researcher found out that most of the
teachers lacked adequate planning for transitioning sequentially from one activity
to the other. The discursive styles in teaching, in most of the cases, does not fit in
well with the struggling learners for whom needed thoughtful planning and extra
attention. Besides, the teaching and the learning activities that are tended to be
desultory derail the objectives and the aim of the lessons. The factors like
backgrounds that affect a lesson plan are scarcely taken into account. The
coverage-oriented plans that cram a good amount of stuff into individual lessons
It appeared that sometime the teachers judged the learners through the
lens of their cultural orientation, and thus they minimized the possibility of
bridging the gap between them and the learners. To many of the teachers,
the control of a class and turning the class into a chaotic place. In a classroom
of the class time. It indicated that teachers' talk time constituted a significant
portion of the teaching-learning activity, sparing little time for students to talk.
Synthesis
introducing and explaining the attitudes and perceptions of senior high school
Batangas City.
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role of teaching profession to the youth, in which the teaching profession is the
responsible for honing the minds and the hearts of the students. With this
Kirtose (cited in Tamayao 2019) stated that it is the most significant profession in
the world.
achieve greater heights and it is also a fulfilling profession that offers countless
of People (2024) mentioned that teachers are arguably the most important
should have to pursue education. With the heavy burden of task and
responsibilities, it only determines the reality that a person will face in pursuing
education.
which he clarifies the competence, code of ethics and other elements needed by
emphasize the history of laws that was passed to become professional teachers
and also the present examination the teachers needed to pass, which is the
1994. They also discussed and distribute the Code of Ethics that a professional
There are concepts that were studied in this research and these are the
in meaning of attitude and perception because both of these words are closely
related that causes confusion. Samjaya and Sukarmin (2020) and Cherry (2023)
mentioned that perception refers to the collected data from our senses that our
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Baba et al. (2021) stated that perception serve as a navigation to people and to
pursue this career. According to Silvestre et al, (2020) found out that there are
several concerns that needs to be addressed. With these given reasons, the
perception and attitudes are greatly affected. Based on Koley et al. (n.d) the
negative reasons overpower the positive reasons that a person should take this
according to Kalavian (2019) is that the teachers are role models that should be
careful with their actions because it may affect their reputation as educators.
According to Siddiqui (2020) found out that there are several factors a teacher
should consider to become effective and there are gaps that should be filled. The
factors that are related to teaching profession led to the rise and fall of teaching
profession that was studied by of Kraft and Lyon (2022) wherein they examine
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the research design, the respondents of the study,
the sampling procedure, the instrument used in data gathering, the data
gathering procedure, and the statistical tools applied in analyzing gathered data.
Research Design
descriptive research design was deemed most applicable. More so, since this
discovering how many people think, act, or feel in a specific way. Quantitative
as opposed to gaining the more focused or emotional insight that is the aim of
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a questionnaire from which empirical data were hauled, and from the responses
were measured using a scale with corresponding value, the quantitative research
Sampling Procedure
determine the sample size of the respondents. When the sample size was
and proportion, to systematically distribute the respondents to the strata that they
are representing When the number of respondents per strata is ascertained, the
modified to align with the statement of the problem. Some terms were simplified
The first part of the questionnaire is an added portion to the adopted tool.
The modified questionnaire was presented and checked by the thesis adviser.
This was added to answer the first statement of the problem. The profile
The second part contains items for attitudes towards teaching. It has 14
items, the first 7 express reasons for considering leaching as a career and the
second 7 are reasons for not considering teaching as career. These Items were
The third part are items for perceptions about teaching profession. The are
21 items which were subdivided into two. The first 7 items are for the
respondents' perceptions about teachers and the remaining 14 are for their
perceptions about the teaching profession - negative or positive. The items were
arranged alternately - odd numbers are for positive perceptions and even number
are for negative perceptions. These items were adopted from the study of Saks
et al. (2016).
The Likert Scale used to answer the items for attitudes and perceptions
are as follows:
3 Agree (A)
2 Disagree (D)
in the target DepEd schools in Batangas City After the approval, the researchers
will also write a letter to the respective School Heads/Principals for consent to
respondents.
respondents and will wait for the accomplished tool on the same day.
The retrieved data will be tabulated and will be interpreted using the
following scale:
Statistical Treatment
The gathered data will be analyzed using the following statistical tools.
Ranking. This will be used to compare a list of items with each other and
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Teachers Matter
https://www.uopeople.edu/blog/the-importance-of-teachers/#:~:text=They
%20Provide%20the%20Power%20of,abstract%20concepts%20accessible
%20to%20students.
Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas
College of Education
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