Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Which of the following is a sudden, calamitous event, bringing great damage,

loss, destruction, and devastation to life and property?
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. phenomenon
d. risk

2. A natural disaster can be a _____________ .

a. phenomenon
b. terrorism/Violence
c. technological/industrial issues
d. complex humanitarian emergencies

3. All of the following are the effects of disasters EXCEPT ___________

a. can destroy health infrastructure
b. can cause an unexpected number of deaths
c. can have adverse effects on the environment
d. can cause the ability of every specie to reproduce
4. It is also called as the Circum-Pacific belt, the zone of earthquakes
surrounding the Pacific Ocean where about 99% of the world’s earthquake
occurs.
a. drought
b. ring of fire
c. subsidence
d. Bermuda Triangle

5. Which of the following is NOT an example of man-caused hazard?

a. mutiny
b. genocide
c. earthquake
d. bombs or explosions
6. It is defined as the source of danger and something that may cause injury or
harm. It is also the uncertain course of events in a country.
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. risk
d. phenomenon

7. Which of the following category is a man-made hazard?

a. storm surges
b. flooded coastal areas
c. Landslide on Mining sites
d. Oil Spills from shipping boat

8. Which of the following is NOT included in the phases of disaster?

a. recovery phase
b. planning phase
c. emergency phase
d. preparedness phase

9. A natural disaster where sea waves of local or distant origin that results
from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes,
major submarine slides, or exploring volcanic hazards is called _______
a. earthquake
b. flood
c. tsunami
d. typhoon

10. During the initial stage of a disaster, almost all surface means of
transportation within the community are disrupted by broken bridges, roads, and
streets that are rendered impassable by landslides or floods. The restricted
mobility of vehicles makes rescue and other emergency operations doubly difficult.
What is this impact/ effect of disaster?
a. economic impact
b. social and political impact
c. damage to critical facilities
d. disruption of transportation

11. Which of the following variables will NOT determine the elements in identifying
disaster risk?
 a. coping capacity
b. population explosion
c. vulnerability to a hazard
d. hazard (natural or man-made)

12. There are many impacts of Disaster, on what impact it will fall if a person is
suffering from post-traumatic stress syndrome?
a. physical wellbeing impact
b. mental wellbeing impact
c. social wellbeing impact
d. none of the above

13. Erica is outside the building. Which action should she do when she feels the
ground is shaking?
a. Stay away from trees, powerlines, post and concrete structures.
b. Move away from steep slopes which may be affected by landslides.
c. If near the shore and feel and earthquake, especially if it’s too strong,
move quickly to higher grounds.
d. All of the above.

14. The potential disaster losses in lives, health statuses, livelihoods, assets, and
services, which could occur in a particular community or a society over some
specified future time period is called _______________.
a. disaster risk
b. disaster mitigation
c. disaster prevention
d. disaster preparedness

15. Disaster has a great impact on which of the following aspect?

a. Bacteria
b. Human
c. Invention
d. Technology
1. a. disaster

2. a. phenomenon

3. d. can cause the ability of every specie to reproduce

4. b. ring of fire

5. c. earthquake

6. b. hazard
7. c. Landslide on Mining sites

8. b. planning phase

9. c. tsunami

10. d. disruption of transportation

11. b. population explosion

12. b. mental wellbeing impact

13. d. All of the above.

14. a. disaster risk

15. b. Human

Act 1.6

1. Disaster

2. Event

3. Hazard

4. Impact

5. Vulnerability

6. Coping

7. Risk

8. Emergency

9. Preparedness

Module 2

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Which of the following is the process or condition, often development-

related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of
exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity?
 a. risk factor
b. disaster risk
c. natural hazard
d. man-made hazard

2. Which of the following is NOT an element which causes disaster?

a. exposure
b. hazard
c. risk
d. vulnerability

3. Which of the following BEST describes hazard?

a. loss of life or injury naturally
b. a phenomenon or human activity
c. potentially damaging physical event
d. reduction of vulnerability and exposure

4. Which of the following risk factors BEST describes the cause of COVID-19
pandemic?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. globalized economic development
d. poorly- planned and managed urban development

2. It refers to the changes that can be attributed “directly or indirectly to

human activity altering the composition of the global atmosphere and
additionally to the natural climate variability observed over comparable
periods of time”?
a. deforestation
b. climate change
c. global warming
d. carbon footprint

3. How will reduction of the level of vulnerability and exposure be possible?

a. proper knowledge on disaster risk
b. potentially damaging physical even
c. increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard
d. by keeping people and property as distant as possible from hazards

4. Which of the following risk factors affect with inequality?

a. poverty
b. climate change
 c. weak governance
d. globalized economic development

5. Unwillingness to assume their roles and responsibilities in governing

disaster risk unit, falls under which of the following risk factors? climate
change
a. weak governance
b. poverty and inequality
c. environmental degradation

6. Which among the groups suffer more adverse effects when an earthquake
causing disaster occurs?
a. men and women
b. children and women
c. old persons and women
d. old persons and children

7. The occurrence of landslides in the Philippines is increasing. This kind of

disaster will fall under which of the following risks?
a. poverty and inequality
b. climate change and weak governance
c. climate change and environmental degradation
d. climate change and globalized economic development

8. The ages below are average years ranges affected by specific situations
happening as a disaster occurs. Which of the following age ranges are “Most
Stressed-Out” after a disaster according to Asian Disaster Preparedness
Center (ADPC)?
a. 16-20
b. 20-30
c. 30-40
d. 40-60

9. Which of the following risk factors is the result in an increased polarization

between the rich and poor on a global scale?
a. climate change
b. poverty and inequality
c. environmental degradation
d. globalized economic development

10. Which of the following is NOT a contributor to the worst outcomes when
a disaster happened?
a. displacement
b. can handle stress
c. death of someone close
 d. massive loss of property

11. Who among the following groups of people are more likely to live in
hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures
based on most studies in Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)?
a. middle class
b. senior citizens
c. young professionals
d. impoverished people

12. It is a risk factor that is both a driver and a consequence of disasters,

reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological
needs, what is it?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. poverty and inequality
d. environmental degradation

1. b. disaster risk
2. c. risk
3. c. potentially damaging physical event
4. c. globalized economic development
5. b. climate change
6. a. proper knowledge on disaster risk
7. c. weak governance
8. a. weak governance
9. c. old persons and women
10. c. climate change and environmental degradation
11. b. 20-30
12. b. poverty and inequality
13. b. can handle stress
14. d. impoverished people
15. d. environmental degradation
Activity 1.5 Fill Me!
Direction: Supply the missing letters to complete the word/s that described
the various effects of disaster. Statements are provided as clues.
1. The elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event.

_X__S__E
2. These are processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence
the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or
reducing capacity.

D_S___E_ R___

3. The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental

factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the
impact of hazard.

_U_N__A__L__Y

4. Damage to both public and private infrastructures

I_F__S_R__T_R_ D__A_E

5. Many people must abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions
which may cause large influx of refugees that disrupt accessibility of health
care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water

P__E_T__L D_S__A__M_N_

1. EXPOSURE
2. DISASTER RISK
3. VULNERABILITY
4. INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE
5. POTENTIAL DISPLACEMENT

Module 3

Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

a. Congenital condition
b. Neonatal condition
c. Pre-existing condition
d. Psychological condition
2. What is the collective term used for the condition of people who develop
stress reaction that negatively affect their physical and mental behavior
after suffering from a disaster?
a. displaced population
b. emotional aftershock
c. food scarcity
d. health risk
3. What do you call the effect of a disaster that causes a group of people
forced to leave their homes?
a. displaced population
b. emotional aftershock
c. food scarcity
d. health risk
4. Which among the following is NOT an effect of a disaster?
a. displaced population
b. emotional aftershock
c. food scarcity
d. health risk
5. What effect of disaster refers to the shortage of sustenance among people?
a. displaced population
b. emotional aftershock
c. food scarcity
d. health risk
6. What is the term used referring to damaging incident that happened
unexpectedly in a certain society and caused harm to people and their
properties?
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. politicking
d. terrorism
7. COVID19 has caused millions of diseased people and thousands of deaths
all over the world. How are you going to name the damaging event?
 a. disaster
b. hazard
c. politicking
d. terrorism
8. How are you going to call a dangerous condition that carries human threat?
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. politicking
d. terrorism
9. A strong typhoon hit an uninhabited area in the mountainous Sierra Madre
region. What are you going to name the damaging event?
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. politicking
d. terrorism
10. What is it that disasters bring to humans?
a. devastation
b. excitement
c. fame
d. power
11. In a situation that you know you and your family are on a disaster risk
area, how could you reduce the impact of a disaster that may come in your
life?
a. Avoid the crowd.
b. Watch news to be informed.
c. Get the right mindset and preparation.
d. Build good relationships among neighbors.
12. Why should people need to plan and be ready for the possible
consequences of a disaster?
a. So that people would show their own capabilities.
b. So that people could set an example to others.
c. So that people would reduce the potential effects of disasters.
d. So that people could prepare ahead of time.
13. Which should be the right attitude in dealing the effects of a disaster?
a. Let us be mindful of others.
b. Try to be a leader for others.
c. Show positivity in dealing with it.
d. Be grateful on what the government can provide.
14. Which of the following characteristics will help a person to recover
quickly after a disaster?
 a. One must be happy and hopeful.
b. One must be prayerful and friendly.
c. One must be wise and cooperative.
d. One must be resourceful and determined.

15. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by

coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a serious acute respiratory syndrome. This
was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and then spread
around the globe, triggering a continuing pandemic SITUATION. How can
the Philippine win against disasters like COVID19?
a. Quarantine protocols must be continued.
b. People must maintain a clean environment at all time.
c. The citizens must follow health guidelines and safety measures.
d. The government must be allowed to decide for the good of the fellow
people.
Here are the correct answers:

1. d. Psychological condition
2. b. Emotional aftershock
3. a. Displaced population
4. c. Food scarcity
5. c. Food scarcity
6. a. Disaster
7. a. Disaster
8. b. Hazard
9. b. Hazard
10. a. Devastation
11. c. Get the right mindset and preparation.
12. c. So that people would reduce the potential effects of disasters.
13. c. Show positivity in dealing with it.
14. d. One must be resourceful and determined.
15. c. The citizens must follow health guidelines and safety measures.
,odule 4

Here are the correct answers:

1. b. Socio-Cultural
2. b. Disaster
3. d. Unemployment
4. d. Political
5. d. Hunger
6. c. Pandemic
 7. a. Knowing what to do and who to trust.
8. c. It gives them a sense of identity.
9. d. It is unpredictable.
10. a. COVID19 pandemic
11. b. Epidemic
12. b. I can practice health protocols.
13. c. Psychological perspective
14. a. Accurate assessment and preparations
15. d. Effective delivery of humanitarian assistance
Module 5
Here are the correct answers:

1. a. High disaster risk

2. c. Women, children, old people
3. d. Provisions of housing on areas that have fault lines in the vicinity
4. d. Vulnerability is the susceptibility of an individual or a group of people to
the impact of natural hazard.
5. d. Human population is increasing in areas that are vulnerable
6. b. Indigenous people
7. c. Resiliency
8. d. Vulnerability
9. c. It means that vulnerability depends on every individual.
10. b. Ability to escape a specific event
11. b. Preparation, response, and recovery
12. c. Hazard and vulnerability
13. b. Catholic church
14. D. Congress funding Army corps of Engineers projects to build bridges
15. b. Natural hazards
Modulw 6
Here are the correct answers:

1. d. Increased vulnerability
2. d. Disruption of transportation
3. c. Urban region has higher population density than rural region.
4. b. They have less population density
5. c. Balik Probinsya, Bagong Pag-asa Program
6. b. Exposure
7. d. Community provides accessible services and facilities for response
8. a. Our country is not heavily populated.
9. c. Number of individuals inhabiting in a particular space at the same time
10. c. Level of awareness of the community
11. a. Disaster
12. b. Hazard
 13. a. Human activities affect the intensity of the typhoon
14. d. Occurrence of natural hazards
15. d. When it happens in an area without any people
Module 7

Modified TRUE or FALSE

Read each item carefully and choose the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper. Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is false, change
the underlined word/s to make the statement true.

_____________1. The health facilities is classified as social vulnerability

_____________2. Economic vulnerability happens due to inability of people,
organization, and societies to prevent severe effects from hazards.
_____________3. Physical element is exposed to hazard during typhoon when the
houses are destroyed.
_____________4. When the flood occurred due to deforestation the element exposed
is economical.
_____________5. The Covid 19 pandemic affected the economy reulting to closure of
many businesses during enhanced community quarantine the
physical element is mostly affected.
_____________6. Increased human population can sometimes result to increased of
vulnerability.
____________7. In Cavite some areas is situated within the fault lines stated at risk
by PHILVOLCS. Economical element has least possibility of being to
hazard.
_____________8. COVID 19 pandemic affected the operations of establishments such
as malls and other leisure establishments which were prohibited from
operating to prevent further community transmission. The element
which mostly exposed is economical.
_____________9. Wild fire considered as cause of Physical vulnerability
_____________10. Environmental degration consired as socio economical hazard
_____________11. Tsunami considred as cause of socio economic vulnerability.
_____________12. Kaingin is a human practice where in a forest is converted to
farmland. In this case, social element is most likely exposed to hazard
_____________13. To quantify the vulnerability of the people get the ratio of the
number of casualties or injured to the total population.
_____________14. It is important to quantify the vulnerability.
_____________15. The vulnerability status of structure or building depends on the
cost of repair.

Here are the corrected statements:

1. **TRUE** - The health facilities are classified as social vulnerability.

2. **FALSE** - Economic vulnerability happens due to the inability of people,
organizations, and societies to prevent severe effects from hazards.
 3. **TRUE** - Physical elements are exposed to hazards during a typhoon when
houses are destroyed.
4. **FALSE** - When the flood occurred due to deforestation, the element
exposed is environmental.
5. **FALSE** - The Covid-19 pandemic affected the economy, resulting in the
closure of many businesses during enhanced community quarantine; the social
element is mostly affected.
6. **TRUE** - Increased human population can sometimes result in increased
vulnerability.
7. **FALSE** - In Cavite, some areas are situated within the fault lines, stated
at risk by PHILVOLCS. Social elements have the least possibility of being
exposed to hazards.
8. **FALSE** - COVID-19 pandemic affected the operations of establishments
such as malls and other leisure establishments, which were prohibited from
operating to prevent further community transmission. The element mostly
exposed is social.
9. **FALSE** - Wildfire is considered a cause of environmental vulnerability.
10. **FALSE** - Environmental degradation is considered an environmental
hazard.
11. **FALSE** - Tsunami is considered a cause of physical vulnerability.
12. **FALSE** - Kaingin is a human practice where a forest is converted to
farmland. In this case, environmental elements are most likely exposed to
hazards.
13. **TRUE** - To quantify the vulnerability of the people, get the ratio of the
number of casualties or injured to the total population.
14. **TRUE** - It is important to quantify vulnerability.
15. **FALSE** - The vulnerability status of a structure or building depends on the
functionality and resilience.
Module 8

Assessment

Modified TRUE or FALSE

Read each item carefully and choose the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper. Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is false, change
the undelined word/s to make the statement true

___________1. Hazard is a harmful event, material, human behavior, or disease that

may cause loss of life, injury or other health effects, harm to property, loss of
livelihood and services, social and economic disturbance, or damage to the
environment.

____________2. This signifies the possibility of adverse effects in the future. It is derived
from the interaction of social and environmental processes, from the combination of
physical hazard and the vulnerabilities of exposed elements that was called disaster.

_____________3. Resiliency is a serious disruption of the functions of a community or a

society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own. What is
it?

____________4. Vulnerability is the characteristics and circumstances of a

community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard.
____________5. It refers to the element at risk from a natural or man-made hazard
event that was called vulnerability.

_____________6. Indigenous people belongs to the most vulnerable characteristics of

community or system.

____________7. Environmental pollution is an example of man-made hazard event?

____________8. Women, children and old people are the following groups of people
which are vulnerable in the event of disaster.

____________9. Hazards can arise during excavations due to the fact that there are
many cables and pipelines buried in the ground. This is why ‘rules for careful
excavation’ have been established.

___________10. Migration is the action of reducing the severity, seriousness or

painfulness of something

Here are the corrected statements:

1. **TRUE** - Hazard is a harmful event, material, human behavior, or disease

that may cause the loss of life, injury, or other health effects, harm to property,
loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disturbance, or damage to
the environment.

2. **FALSE** - This signifies the possibility of adverse effects in the future. It is

derived from the interaction of social and environmental processes, from the
 combination of physical hazard and the vulnerabilities of exposed elements that
was called risk.

3. **FALSE** - Resiliency is a serious disruption of the functions of a

community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic, or
environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own. What is it? Disaster.

4. **TRUE** - Vulnerability is the characteristics and circumstances of a

community, system, or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of
a hazard.

5. **FALSE** - It refers to the element at risk from a natural or man-made

hazard event that was called exposure.

6. **FALSE** - Indigenous people belong to the most vulnerable characteristics

of a community or system.

7. **TRUE** - Environmental pollution is an example of a man-made hazard

event.

8. **TRUE** - Women, children, and old people are the following groups of
people which are vulnerable in the event of a disaster.

9. **TRUE** - Hazards can arise during excavations due to the fact that there
are many cables and pipelines buried in the ground. This is why 'rules for
careful excavation' have been established.

10.**FALSE** - Migration is the action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or

painfulness of something; this is incorrect.

Module 9
Here are the correct answers:

1. **B. Hazard cannot cause harm or damage to humans, property, or the

environment.**
- Hazard, by definition, has the potential to cause harm.

2. **B. floods**
- Fires, landslides, and tsunamis are examples of natural hazards.

3. **A. natural hazards**

- Natural hazards arise through the interaction of natural processes.
4. **A. avalanche**
- Avalanche is an example of a natural hazard.

5. **C. technological (or man-made) hazards**

- Natural hazards arise from natural processes, and technological hazards
arise directly from human activities.

6. **D. water Pollution**

- Air pollution, smog, and water pollution are examples of quasi-natural
hazards.

7. **A. fog**
- Fog is an example of quasi-natural hazards.

8. **A. natural hazards**

- Natural hazards arise from natural processes in the environment.

9. **B. sandstorm**
- Dam failures, plane crashes, and sandstorms are examples of natural
hazards.

10. **D. all of the above**

- Major fire, pollution, and terrorism are examples of man-made disasters.

11. **A. natural hazards**

- Bush Fire is an example of a natural hazard.

12. **D. wild fire**

- Wildfire is a type of natural hazard.

13. **A. No rainfall for a long continuous period**

- Drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall.

14. **A. cautious**

- Cautious is not directly associated with the word hazard.

15. **D. none of the above**

- Avalanche, volcanic eruptions, lightning are examples of natural hazards in
the Philippines.
Module 10
Here are the answers to the assessment:
1. **B. IV, II, I, III**
- The correct sequence is to first identify hazards (IV), then assess risks (II),
modify procedures based on the risk assessment (I), and finally, monitor the
modifications (III).

2. **D. All of the above**

- Risk assessment is done to know which risk should be addressed first, to
determine which risk is the most serious, and it involves considering both
probability and impact.

3. **C. Destruction of houses and buildings**

- Economic impact refers to the financial consequences of a hazard, such as
the destruction of houses and buildings leading to economic losses.

4. **A. potential fall**

- In this scenario, the potential fall is considered a risk.

5. **C. working in height**

- Working in height is considered a hazard in this scenario.

6. **B. low**
- Tyrel's vulnerability to a fall is low because he is well-trained and wears
protective equipment.

7. **C. environmental**
- Pollution of oceans and rivers is an environmental impact.

8. **A. biological**
- SARS is a biological impact.

9. **B. economic**
- Retrenchments/Job loss is an economic impact.

10. **C. psychological**

- Mental trauma is a psychological impact.

11. **C. physical**

- Broken bones are a physical impact.

12. **D. religious conflict as a result of sudden displacement of a group of

people**
- Religious conflict resulting from the sudden displacement of a group of
people is a socio-cultural impact.
13. **A. probability and impact**
- Both probability and impact should be considered in risk assessment.

14. **B. moderate**

- If the product of probability and impact is 12, it falls into the moderate risk
category.

15. **A. higher**

- The higher the chance of a risk happening and the greater the severity of
the impact, the higher the priority that should be given to the risk.